27/10/2024
The top vulnerabilities found in websites often align with the **OWASP Top 10** list, an influential guide published by the Open Web Application Security Project that identifies the most critical security risks for web applications. Here’s an overview of the current top 10:
1. **Broken Access Control**
- This occurs when users can access restricted resources or functionalities they shouldn’t be able to. Examples include unauthorized access to another user’s data or administrative pages.
2. **Cryptographic Failures**
- Insecure cryptographic practices can lead to data exposure or unauthorized access. Common issues include weak encryption, not encrypting sensitive data, or using outdated algorithms.
3. **Injection**
- Injection vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection, happen when untrusted data is interpreted as code. They allow attackers to manipulate queries or commands, leading to unauthorized data access or system compromise.
4. **Insecure Design**
- Flaws in the design stage of an application can lead to security weaknesses. Examples include poorly defined access controls or insufficient input validation, which can be exploited by attackers.
5. **Security Misconfiguration**
- Misconfiguration issues include failing to properly secure settings, disable unnecessary features, or apply patches. Misconfigured servers, databases, or APIs can expose sensitive data or functionality.
6. **Vulnerable and Outdated Components**
- Using outdated or insecure libraries, frameworks, or software components can introduce vulnerabilities if they contain known security flaws that haven’t been patched.
7. **Identification and Authentication Failures**
- Weak authentication mechanisms can lead to unauthorized access. This includes insecure password practices, lack of multi-factor authentication, or poorly implemented session management.
8. **Software and Data Integrity Failures**
- These vulnerabilities arise when untrusted data is integrated or when integrity checks on software are insufficient. Examples include insecure CI/CD processes or using software from unverified sources.
9. **Security Logging and Monitoring Failures**
- Lack of effective logging and monitoring can prevent detection of attacks, delay response times, and hinder incident recovery. Attackers may exploit this to hide their presence and actions.
10. **Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)**
- SSRF vulnerabilities occur when a server fetches remote resources based on user input, potentially allowing attackers to access internal services or sensitive data within the organization's network.
To mitigate these vulnerabilities, it's essential to follow secure coding practices, regularly update and patch software, conduct security audits, and follow the principles of least privilege and defense-in-depth.
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