10/02/2026
ā§§. In a speech at the 90th Science Congress, internationally acknowledged scientist and former Indian president Mr. APJ Abdul Kalam mentioned a very important aspect of this mankindâs future energy crisis.
āύāĻŦā§āĻŦāĻāϤāĻŽ (⧝ā§ĻāϤāĻŽ) āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻāĻā§āϰā§āϏ⧠āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻā§āϤā§āϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻāύā§āϤāϰā§āĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϤāύ āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āĻāύāĻžāĻŦ āĻ. āĻĒāĻŋ. āĻā§. āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϞ āĻāĻžāϞāĻžāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻāĻāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ
āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤
⧍. He pointed out that the era of wood and bio-mass has almost come to an end.
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ āϝ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āĻŦ-āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āϰ (āĻŦāĻžā§ā§āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāϏ) āϝā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§ āĻļā§āώ āĻšā§ā§ āĻāϏā§āĻā§āĨ¤
ā§Š. The age of oil and natural gas would soon be over within the next few decades.
āϤā§āϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āϰ āϝā§āĻāĻ āĻāĻāĻžāĻŽā§ āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻĻāĻļāĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻļā§āώ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤
ā§Ē. Massive burning of world's coal reserves may lead to a worldwide ecological disaster because coal burning emits the highest amount of carbon in the atmosphere.
āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāϝāĻŧāϞāĻž āĻŽāĻā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ āĻĻāĻšāύ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāĻāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϝāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āύāĻŋā§ā§ āϝā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāϝāĻŧāϞāĻž āĻĒā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ⧠āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻŦāύ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϤ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
ā§Ģ. So according to Kalam, the only solution that mankind can look to is the massive use of solar energy in future because it has some advantages over other forms of renewable energies.
āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻžāϞāĻžāĻŽā§āϰ āĻŽāϤā§, āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤ⧠āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻšāϞ⧠āϏā§āϰāĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ, āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ āύāĻŦāĻžā§āύāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϤā§āϞāύāĻžā§ āĻāϰ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžā§āϤāĻŋ āϏā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž āϰā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
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āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĨ (Word Meanings)
āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ
Internationally acknowledged āĻāύā§āϤāϰā§āĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āϤ
Former ex āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϤāύ / āϏāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ
Aspect āĻĻāĻŋāĻ / āĻĻā§āώā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻŖ
Mankind āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋ
Energy crisis āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻāĻāĻ
Pointed out āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰāĻž / āϤā§āϞ⧠āϧāϰāĻž
Era / Age āϝā§āĻ
Bio-mass āĻā§āĻŦ-āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠(āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻĒāĻāύāĻļā§āϞ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĨ)
Decades āĻĻāĻļāĻ (ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŦāĻāϰā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāϞ)
Massive āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ / āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ
Coal reserves āĻā§āϞāĻž āĻŽāĻā§āĻĻ
Ecological disaster āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāĻāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϝā§
Emits āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϤ āĻāϰā§
Atmosphere āĻŦāĻžā§ā§āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ
Renewable energies āύāĻŦāĻžā§āύāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ (āϝāĻž āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻļā§āώ āĻšā§ āύāĻž)
ā§§. Now, why has Kalam put so much importance to the issue of energy?
āĻāĻāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻšāϞā§, āĻāĻžāϞāĻžāĻŽ āĻā§āύ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāϏā§āϝā§āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻāϤ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻā§āύ?
⧍. The energy sources have always been a major factor of change throughout history.
āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻā§ā§ā§ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻā§āϏāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āύāĻŋā§āĻžāĻŽāĻ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤
ā§Š. The world's petroleum consumption has increased from 3 billion barrels annually in 1930 to 37 billion barrels annually today.
ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§Ļ āϏāĻžāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦāĻāĻ°ā§ ā§Š āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŋā§āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϰā§āϞ āĻĒā§āĻā§āϰā§āϞāĻŋā§āĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤā§, āϝāĻž āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦā§ā§ā§ āĻĻāĻžāĻā§āĻŋā§ā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻāĻ°ā§ ā§Šā§ āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŋā§āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϰā§āϞā§āĨ¤
ā§Ē. In the next quarter century, the world's population is expected to be about 8 billion which is 30 percent higher than today.
āĻāĻāĻžāĻŽā§ āĻāĻ āĻāϤā§āϰā§āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϤ⧠(⧍ā§Ģ āĻŦāĻāϰ) āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāύāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§ ā§Ž āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύ āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻāĻļāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāĻā§āĻā§, āϝāĻž āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻā§ā§ā§ ā§Šā§Ļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻāĻļ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤
ā§Ģ. Developing countries will grow their economies about two times faster than industrialised countries.
āĻāύā§āύāϝāĻŧāύāĻļā§āϞ āĻĻā§āĻļāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āύā§āύāϤ āĻĻā§āĻļāĻā§āϞā§āϰ āϤā§āϞāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻā§āĻŖ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤāĻāϤāĻŋāϤ⧠āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāύā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤
ā§Ŧ. Global economic growth is expected to continue at 3 percent per year.
āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻāϰ ā§Š āĻļāϤāĻžāĻāĻļ āĻšāĻžāϰ⧠āĻ
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻšāϤ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻāĻļāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤
ā§. Consequently, the global demand for energy will grow at about 1.7 percent per year on an average.
āĻĢāϞāϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻĒ, āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŦā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ ā§§.ā§ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻāĻļ āĻšāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤
ā§Ž. It indicates a 50-percent rise of energy consumption by 2030.
āĻāĻāĻŋ ⧍ā§Ļā§Šā§Ļ āϏāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻāĻļ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧāĨ¤
⧝. If the world's daily petroleum consumption is 100 million barrels now, it will rise to 150 million barrels by that time.
āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻĻā§āύāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āĻā§āϰā§āϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāύ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϰā§āϞ āĻšāϞā§, āϏā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϤāĻž āĻŦā§ā§ā§ ā§§ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϰā§āϞ⧠āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤
ā§§ā§Ļ. The present reserve of hydro-carbon energy resources is limited and it will not be sufficient to meet the future energy challenges of the world.
āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄā§āϰā§-āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻŦāύ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŽāĻā§āĻĻ āϏā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤā§āϰ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϞā§āĻā§āĻ āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āĻšāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
ā§§ā§§. Hence, leading industrial countries have taken initiatives to use alternative energy sources mainly known as green or renewable energy sources.
āĻāĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§, āĻļā§āϰā§āώāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύā§ā§ āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āύā§āύāϤ āĻĻā§āĻļāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻā§āϏ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻāĻĻā§āϝā§āĻ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ āϝāĻž āĻŽā§āϞāϤ āϏāĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧāύāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻā§āϏ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
⧧⧍. The bottom line of Kalam's speech indicates the concern of mankind in the 21st century.
āĻāĻžāϞāĻžāĻŽā§āϰ āĻŦāĻā§āϤā§āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāϰāĻāĻĨāĻž āĻāĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϤ⧠āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
________________________________________
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĨ (Word Meanings)
āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ
Consumption āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ / āĻā§āĻ
Annually āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āώāĻŋāĻ / āĻŦāĻāϰā§
Quarter century āĻāĻ āĻāϤā§āϰā§āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§ (⧍ā§Ģ āĻŦāĻāϰ)
Developing countries āĻāύā§āύā§āύāĻļā§āϞ āĻĻā§āĻļāϏāĻŽā§āĻš
Industrialised countries āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āύā§āύāϤ āĻĻā§āĻļāϏāĻŽā§āĻš
Consequently āĻĢāϞāϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻĒ / āϝāĻžāϰ āĻĢāϞā§
Average āĻā§
Hydro-carbon āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄā§āϰā§-āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻŦāύ (āϤā§āϞ āĻ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻāĻžāϤā§ā§ āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāύāĻŋ)
Sufficient āĻĒāϰā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ
Initiatives āĻāĻĻā§āϝā§āĻ
Alternative āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ
Bottom line āĻŽā§āϞ āĻāĻĨāĻž / āϏāĻžāϰāϏāĻāĻā§āώā§āĻĒ