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27/12/2025

Evaluating Bioactive Compounds in Medicinal Plants: A Case Study of Trichilia monadelpha (Meliaceae) | Chapter 5 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 6
Oxidative stress contributes to numerous degenerative diseases, making plant-derived antioxidants increasingly valuable for therapeutic applications. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of Trichilia monadelpha leaf extracts, a West African tree with reported medicinal properties. Leaves were extracted using maceration with n-hexane and methanol solvents, yielding 2.4% and 3.2% respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed that the methanolic extract contained alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and terpenoids, while the n-hexane extract contained alkaloids, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides. Antioxidant activity was assessed at four concentrations (0.25–2.0 mg/mL) using DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, with vitamin C as the standard. The methanolic extract showed clear, concentration-dependent antioxidant activity across all assays. Its DPPH IC₅₀ value was 2.584 mg/L compared with 1.907 mg/L for vitamin C, and similar dose-dependent trends were observed in the reducing and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, although with lower potency than the standard. Pearson’s correlation indicated a stronger association between phytochemical content and antioxidant activity in the methanolic extract (r = 0.951). The n-hexane extract displayed minimal activity (r = 0.560).

T. monadelpha leaves, especially the methanolic extract, contain bioactive constituents with measurable antioxidant effects, supporting their traditional use and highlighting the need for further isolation and characterisation of the active compounds.

Author(s) Details
P. D. Clark
Department of Chemistry, Edwin Clark University, Kiagbodo, Delta State, Nigeria.

E. Omo-Udoyo
Department of Chemistry, Edwin Clark University, Kiagbodo, Delta State, Nigeria.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v6/6791

27/12/2025

Synthesis and Leaching of Zirconium-rich Alkali-resistant Glasses Containing Heavy Metals Present in Fly Ashes Incineration |Chapter 4 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 6
Glasses containing zirconium are used to produce glass fibres due to their alkali-resistant nature. The presence of zirconium slows the deterioration of the glasses. This study developed a process for producing alkali-resistant zirconium-containing glasses for use as a heavy metal retention matrix contained in fly ashes. These alkali-resistant zirconium-containing glasses were synthesised to undergo leaching tests. To synthesize these alkali-resistant glasses, 5 glass compositions were developed: two alkali-resistant model glasses type CEMFIL, V1 (with zirconium and without heavy metals) and V2 (with zirconium and heavy metals) and three glasses of fly ashes V3 (without zirconium and with heavy metals), V4 (with 30 % of V3, zirconium and heavy metals) and V5 (with 60% of V3, zirconium and heavy metals). V4 and V5 were obtained using V3 as raw material and supplementing with SiO2, ZrO2 and Na2O to give them alkali-resistant properties. Chemical composition of the various glasses was determined by a micro-analyser with an ion probe or electron microprobe of brand CAMECA SX50 with a potential difference of about 10 kV at Paris VI University. Differential thermal analyses, structural analyses, as well as the observation of the surface of the glasses were carried out at the CNRS/CEMHTI laboratory in Orléans. Differential thermal analysis showed a glass transition temperature Tg of 656°C for V1, 616°C for V2, 615°C for V3, 641°C for V4 and 664°C for V5. Extremely small peaks of alumina have been observed on the V1, V2 and V3 glasses and peaks of ZrO2 only on the V5 glass. Surface analysis of glasses showed that they were essentially homogeneous, although we noted the presence of some heterogeneities: V1 and V2 with small crystals of ZrO2, V3 had a slight crystallisation of Fe chromite spinel (CrO4), and V5 contained large crystals rich in zirconium. Glasses leaching in basic medium led to the development of hydrated film on the glass surface characterised by hydrogen enrichment and sodium depletion irrespective of the glass. After static leaching tests in a basic medium, SEM and electron microprobe analyses revealed that all glasses were covered with a weathering film. These weathering films were enriched in zirconium (V1, V2, V4, and V5) and depleted in Na. Glasses V4 and V5 had the most zirconium-enriched alteration films and also appeared to be the least affected.

Author(s) Details
K.M. Mbemba
Université Paris-Est Marne-la Vallée, 5 Boulevard Descartes 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France, Université Marien NGOUABI, Unité de Chimie du Végétal et de la Vie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, B.P. 69, Brazzaville, République du Congo and Centre de Recherche et d’innovation des Projets de Technologie (CRIPT), Cité Scientifique, Avenue de Gascogne, Brazzaville, République du Congo.

S. Djanarthany
Université Paris-Est Marne-la Vallée, 5 Boulevard Descartes 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France.

G. Matzen
Université d’Orléans, CNRS/CEMHTI, 1D Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.

Please see the book here :-https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v6/6751

27/12/2025

Bagasse to Bio-nanotech: Eco-friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Saccharum officinarum with Promising Anti-aging Potential | Chapter 3 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 6
Background: Nanotechnology, a rapidly evolving field, deals with the manipulation of materials at the atomic and molecular levels within the size range of 1 to 100 nanometres. Nanotechnology finds applications across numerous scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science. Saccharum officinarum is a lignocellulose material rich in cellulose and fibre, widely used in paper, packaging, textile, and construction industries.

Aim: The present study aims to synthesise eco-friendly and cost-effective silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract of Saccharum officinarum stem and to evaluate their potential anti-ageing activity for cosmetic and biomedical applications.

Methodology: This experimental study focuses on the green synthesis, characterisation, and biological evaluation of silver nanoparticles using plant-based reducing agents derived from Saccharum officinarum stem extract. The study was conducted in the PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Trichy. The aqueous extract of Saccharum officinarum stem (bagasse) was prepared and subjected to phytochemical screening, which confirmed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenoids, polyphenols, and glycosides. These biomolecules served as natural reducing and stabilising agents during the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The formation of AgNPs was visually indicated by a colour change from pale yellow to dark brown. Characterisation was carried out using UV–Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) to confirm nanoparticle formation, morphology, and elemental composition.

Results: The UV–Visible spectrum showed a distinct absorption peak at 477 nm, confirming the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. SEM analysis revealed well-dispersed, uniformly distributed nanoparticles with smooth morphology, while EDAX confirmed the elemental purity of silver. The synthesised AgNPs exhibited notable anti-ageing potential, likely due to the synergistic antioxidant effects of phytochemicals present in the Saccharum officinarum extract.

Conclusion: The study successfully demonstrates a sustainable and green approach for synthesising silver nanoparticles using Saccharum officinarum stem extract. The biosynthesised AgNPs exhibit promising anti-ageing properties, making them suitable for incorporation into cosmetic formulations such as anti-ageing creams and skin treatments. This eco-friendly method aligns with green chemistry principles and holds potential for future applications in nanomedicine and cosmeceutical industries.

Author(s) Details
F. Janeeta Priya
PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

A. Leema Rose
PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

S. Vidhya
PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

A. Arputharaj
Department of Electronics, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

P. Aparna
PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

T.R. Amsica
PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

V. Motcha Rakkini
PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620002 Tamil Nadu, India.

Suresh Malakondaiah
Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai 600073 Tamil Nadu, India.

M. Menakha
PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620002 Tamil Nadu, India.

S. Magdalin Sylvia
PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620002 Tamil Nadu, India.

K. Brindha
PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620002 Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v6/6717

27/12/2025

Unveiling the Bioactive Potential of Ipomoea biloba: An Integrated Approach to Phytochemistry and Bioactivity | Chapter 2 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 6
Ipomoea biloba (Convolvulaceae) is a water-loving creeping plant and is esteemed in traditional medicine for its different types of therapeutic applications in various diseases like asthma, rheumatism, and burns. Despite it has been used historical use, a comprehensive scientific validation of its bioactivity is essential. This chapter explores the detailed systematic investigation of the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activity of the potential of a methanol extract of Ipomoea biloba leaves (MEIB). The Methanol was used as an extraction solvent to accomplish a wide different ranging recovery of phytoconstituents because of its well-balanced polarity. The preliminary phytochemical profiling of MEIB confirmed the presence of a variety of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, carbohydrates, and amino acids. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of MEIB was assessed using standard assays, revealing significant, dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity comparable to ascorbic acid, thereby underscoring its potential to ameliorate oxidative stress. Furthermore, the cytotoxic efficacy of MEIB was assessed against the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line. The extract demonstrated a potent and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, suggesting notable anticancer properties. This cytotoxic activity may be mechanistically linked to the presence of phytoestrogenic compounds, like estradiol precursors, known to interact with estrogen receptors in the cytoplasm of target cells. The collective study findings from this robust position Ipomoea biloba as a promising reservoir of bioactive compounds. The findings not only validate its ethnomedicinal uses but also highlight its significant potential as a source for the development of natural antioxidant and anticancer agents. Further research is needed to isolate, characterise, and confirm the specific molecules responsible for these observed biological activities.

Author(s) Details

Geetha Rani Kumar
Department of Biochemistry, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science (A), Rasipuram, Namakkal, India.

Shobana Devi Paulraj
Department of Biochemistry, Shrimati Indira Gandhi College, Thiruchirapalli, India.

Vallipriya Rajendran
Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Pavendar Bharathidasan College of Arts and Science (PBCAS), (Bharathidasan University) Thiruchirapalli, India.

Kiruthika Natarajan
School of Allied Health Science, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation, Deemed to be University, Salem, India.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v6/6704

27/12/2025

Volatile Organic Compounds Released from Spruce Wood during Thermal Loading | Chapter 1| Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 6

Volatile organic products (VOCs) are irritants and toxic to humans and the environment. They are a result of the thermal degradation of wood. This paper focuses on the effect of different wood treatments on the formation of VOCs. Experiments were conducted on untreated (REF), thermally treated (TTW), and flame-retardant-treated spruce wood at temperatures of 150 °C, 200 °C, and 250 °C. VOCs were collected at the same time and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). At the temperature of 250 °C, the number of VOCs was increased significantly. Typical VOCs included furfural, furfuryl alcohol, and α-pinene. 54 compounds were identified in REF samples, which is the highest number; only 3 compounds (aliphatic hydrocarbons) were identified in TTW samples. Therefore, the treatment of wood affects the number and quality of VOCs. Analysis of VOCs is important to understand the process of burning and the toxic properties of compounds produced.

Author(s) Details
Katarína Trojanová
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia.

Veronika Veľková
Department of Fire Protection, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia.

František Kačík
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v6/6686

27/12/2025

Cross-domain Motivation: Exploring Means of Learner Engagement in ESL Classrooms |Chapter 4 | Language, Literature and Education: Research Updates Vol. 10

The concept of human intelligence as a monolithic phenomenon was replaced in the last part of the previous century by the theory of multiple intelligences. Intelligence(s) and motivation are inseparable aspects of learning something new. In the absence of the former, learning does not proceed beyond the level of bits and pieces of information, nor do those fragments get assimilated into knowledge. This is the case with the process of learning. Lack of motivation, perhaps, gets reflected more in the product, namely, the learning outcomes. This paper is an inquiry into the possibility of getting motivation from one field of learning, such as art or kinesthesis, into another desirable one, namely, studies. If a child displays intelligence in one field, it presupposes the presence of self-motivation behind that display. If part of that self-motivation can be manoeuvred skilfully into the desired area, the learning outcome is likely to be enhanced. The paper presents this argument against the backdrop of learning and teaching English as a second language.

Author(s) Details

P Bhaskaran Nair
Formerly of Pondicherry Central University, India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/lleru/v10/6564

27/12/2025

Genetics of Coastal Habituation: How Recombinant In**ed Lines Respond to Saline Environments | Chapter 10 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 6
Background: Among all abiotic stresses, salinity is the second most widespread soil problem in rice-growing countries of the world after drought, which continues due to climate change and poor irrigation practices. Rice is highly sensitive to salinity, particularly at the seedling and reproductive stages. Identifying rice genotypes tolerating salinity both at the seedling and at reproductive stages that maintain stable yield in coastal saline soils requires an understanding of genetic variability and trait relationships in terms of direct and indirect effects to develop salt-tolerant rice varieties.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess phenotypic performance and to estimate genetic variability for salt tolerance in both the seedling and reproductive stages of rice under coastal saline soils.

Methodology: The present study was conducted at the natural coastal saline soils of Acharya N. G Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU)- Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Machilipatnam, during Kharif (June to November) 2024. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate Recombinant In**ed lines (RILs) derived from the cross MCM 109/BRR 0119 for salt tolerance in an Alpha-lattice design. Here, 150 RILs at F5 generation were studied at pH 8.4, and EC 7.2 dSm-1 and data on yield and salinity traits were collected. Salt tolerance was evaluated at the seedling and reproductive stages using the standard evaluation system (SES), with scores from 1 (highly tolerant) to 9 (highly susceptible) based on growth, leaf symptoms, and spikelet sterility. Statistical analysis was performed using PBIB.test, GCV, PCV, heritability and GA as per cent of the mean were drawn from the variability package of R software.

Results: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 12 characters attributed significant differences among 150 RILs studied under salinity (P

27/12/2025

Diagnosis of Soil Limiting Factors for Cocoa Trees in Southern Côte d'Ivoire: Approaches for Optimising Production in Azaguié | Chapter 9 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 6
Cocoa is the essential raw material for chocolate production and provides several health benefits. Regular consumption of Cocoa has been shown to improve mood, prevent blood clots, premature cell ageing and the development of cancer in the human body. In recent years, cocoa yields in southern Côte d'Ivoire have stagnated or declined, highlighting the need to identify factors limiting production. This study aimed to identify the key soil characteristics that limit cocoa yields in Azaguié, with a view to improving production. The study was conducted in a field of Azaguié cocoa trees (5° 37’29" N, 4° 09’ 01" W) in southern Côte d'Ivoire. In a cocoa plantation, a topographic sequence (oriented N45° - L: 200 m) comprising a summit, upper slope, middle slope and lower slope was selected for the study. On each topographical segment, pseudo soil pits were dug at the foot of the cocoa trees (1 metre from the trunk). Soil samples from depths of 0–30 cm were taken and sent to the laboratory for physical and chemical analysis. The average values of the soil parameters for the topographical segments were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The pH levels range between 5.2 and 5.8, indicating highly acidic soils at the top and acidic soils at the bottom of the slope. Good potassium levels (K+: 0.3–0.6 cmol.kg-1) and moderate calcium levels (Ca2+ : 2.3–2.9 cmol.kg-1) were noted, compared with very low magnesium concentrations. Except for the soils at the summit, which have unacceptable phosphorus levels (P: 29.7 mg.kg-1), the soils at the top, middle and bottom of the slope are depleted in P, organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N). The attachment sites for exchangeable bases on the ground at the bottom of slopes are moderately occupied (V: 27%). The addition of lime and organic matter in the form of well-decomposed compost is recommended to improve cocoa tree yields. This study was necessary as it highlighted certain chemical parameters of the soil that are linked to the suboptimal yields of cocoa trees. However, the physical characteristics of the soil in the study area still need to be evaluated in future studies.

Author(s) Details
BOUADOU Oi Bouadou Félix
UFR Earth Sciences and Mining Resources (STRM), University of Félix Houphouët- Boigny (UFHB), 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire.

TANOH Adjoua Germaine
Soil, Water and Geomaterials Sciences Laboratory (LSSEG), University of Félix Houphouët- Boigny (UFHB), 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire.

BONGOUA Affi Jeanne Epouse DEVISME
Soil Science and Sustainable Agriculture (PAD), University of Félix Houphouët- Boigny (UFHB), 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire.

ETTIEN Djetchi Jean Baptiste
Soil Science and Sustainable Agriculture (PAD), University of Félix Houphouët- Boigny (UFHB), 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v6/6783

27/12/2025

Economic Appraisal of Farm Pond Investments and Their Impact on Wheat and Barley Cultivation in Jaipur District of Rajasthan, India | Chapter 8 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 6
Farm ponds play a pivotal role in optimising land and water resources for agricultural purposes, considering both surface water and groundwater. They serve as critical assets in the efficient management and conservation of soil and water resources, offering multifaceted solutions to meet diverse agricultural needs. This study aimed to assess the economic feasibility of investing in farm ponds among farmers in Jaipur district, Rajasthan, India. Primary data for this study were taken from eighty farmers, including 40 beneficiaries of RKVY-PDMC and MKSY and 40 non-beneficiary farmers for the agricultural year 2021-22. The study's findings revealed the cost of cultivation analysis for wheat and barley. In the case of the wheat crop, farm pond farmers recorded higher yields and profitability, with net returns increasing by 37.19 per cent, returns over variable costs by 34.25 per cent, and the cost of production declining by 28.34 per cent relative to non-farm pond farmers. A similar pattern was observed in the barley crop, where net returns rose by 43.33 per cent, returns over variable costs improved by 37.73 per cent, and the cost of production decreased by 22.07 per cent under farm pond conditions. Across both crops, assured and timely irrigation from farm ponds contributed to reduced expenditure on key variable inputs, particularly irrigation, fertilisers, and plant protection chemicals-thereby enhancing input-use efficiency, stabilising yields, and significantly improving overall economic performance. The total costs for constructing plastic-lined farm ponds were ₹242,348.56 without subsidy and ₹137,348.56 with subsidy per pond. Cost component-wise, machinery, labour, and material costs accounted for the majority (95%) of the total establishment cost without subsidy. The economic evaluation indicators demonstrated favourable outcomes for farm pond investments. The net present worth of the investment was positive, the benefit-cost ratio exceeded one and was positive, the internal rate of return exceeded the prevailing interest rate, and the payback period was relatively short, both with and without subsidies. This suggests that the government should continue to increase subsidy support for plastic-lined farm pond construction to promote economic prosperity among farmers.

Author(s) Details
Vikas Chaudhary
Division of Dairy Economics Statistics & Management, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.

Ashish Yadav
Division of Dairy Economics Statistics & Management, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v6/6756


27/12/2025

Evaluation of the Morphological Characteristics and Phytochemical Contents of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) with Varying Rates of Poultry Manure | Chapter 7 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 6

In many tropical and sub-tropical countries, Elephant Grass is a very popular forage, and in West Africa, it serves an important nutritional role in various meals. Poultry manure is an eco-friendly, valuable source of organic matter and nutrients that improve soil fertility and promote the development and growth of crops. Despite the availability of poultry manure and its numerous benefits, there’s limited knowledge on the most suitable application rates of this manure to elephant grass. This study, conducted at the Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, teaching and research farm, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, investigated the effect of varying rates of poultry manure on the morphological characteristics of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and its phytochemical constituents. Elephant grass shoots were sourced from a local farmers. The experiment employed a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with five treatments: 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, and 20 tons of poultry manure per hectare, replicated five times. Morphological parameters, including stem height, stem girth, leaf length, and number of shoots, were measured weekly for eight weeks after planting. Phytochemicals analysis was performed on a BUCK M910 Gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionisation detector. The data obtained were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results demonstrated that poultry manure significantly (P0.05), the 15 tons/ha application rate consistently produced the highest mean values across all morphological parameters, closely followed by the 10 tons/ha rate. Notably, the control treatment (0 tons/ha) exhibited the lowest growth responses, highlighting the critical role of organic amendments in soil fertility and plant development. The 20 tons/ha rate surprisingly underperformed compared to moderate rates, suggesting potential nutrient toxicity or soil structure complications at higher application levels. The study concluded that moderate poultry manure application rates (10-15 tons/ha) optimise elephant grass establishment by providing an ideal balance of nutrients, improving soil moisture retention, and enhancing microbial activity. Ultimately, the research recommends a 10 tons/ha application rate for farmers, balancing cost-effectiveness, environmental considerations, and forage production efficiency. Further research is required to evaluate the long-term impacts of poultry manure application on soil health and its effects on other forage species to improve manure application recommendations.

Author(s) Details
Onwubiko, G. N.
Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

Okwor, A. P.
Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v6/6706

27/12/2025

Prominent Use of Malva sylvestris L in Dermatology | Chapter 8 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 9
Malva sylvestris L. (common mallow) is a flowering plant belonging to the Malvaceae family. The plant has laxative, diuretic, spasmogenic and laxative properties. This plant has a rich history in traditional medicine across Asia, Europe, and Africa, and presents a compelling natural therapeutic agent for a wide range of dermatological conditions. Among the various species used in herbal medicine, M. sylvestris stands out for its diverse usage, which has been documented since 3000 BC. In Iran, M. sylvestris is recognised as an edible herb and has been consumed raw in various vegetable salads; however, it is most commonly used as a medicinal herb. This review consolidates scientific evidence to validate its traditional use in treating wounds, eczema, atopic dermatitis, and skin infections. The therapeutic efficacy of M. sylvestris is primarily attributed to its diverse profile of bioactive phytoconstituents. Key among these are mucilaginous polysaccharides, which provide emollient and soothing effects for sensitive skin and irritations; flavonoids (e.g., gossypetin, malvidin 3-glucoside) and phenolic compounds, which exert potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by scavenging free radicals and modulating inflammatory mediators like PGE₂; and tannins and essential oils, which contribute to its significant antibacterial effects against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that topical applications of M. sylvestris extracts promote wound healing by enhancing collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation, reduce inflammation and pruritus in atopic dermatitis, and accelerate burn wound contraction, often showing superior efficacy compared to standard treatments like silver sulfadiazine. The convergence of its demulcent, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, underpinned by its distinct phytochemical composition, justifies its traditional use and positions M. sylvestris as a versatile and effective candidate for integrative dermatological therapy. Future studies, including well-designed clinical trials and standardised extract formulations, are required to validate the therapeutic efficacy of Malva sylvestris in dermatological conditions.

Author(s) Details

Farshad Akbarnejad
Scientific Department, Rayka Shimi Saba Pharmaceutical & Hygienic Knowledge-Based Co., Tehran, Iran.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v9/6800

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