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19/08/2025

Stealth Microbiomes in Chronic Infections: Mechanisms of Pathogenicity and Immune Evasion | Book Publisher International
The layout of the book “Stealth Microbiomes in Chronic Infections: Mechanisms of Pathogenicity and Immune Evasion” was organised in two parts, five sections and twenty-two chapters. Part one, the platform was of two sections. Section one of three chapters. First, the biology and second, the stealth infections and third, the microbiome. The second section was of six chapters as: dysbiosis indicator organism, pathogenicity, immune evasion, immunology and laboratory biology. Part two the infections of three sections. Section three was with nine chapters covering various human stealth bacterial infections as meningitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, arthritis, urethritis, prostatitis, pyuria, puria-hematuria and multidrug resistance stealth bacterial infections. In section four, the laboratory animal infection models for stealth bacterial pathogens. Which include four chapters: Murine H. influenzae b meningitis, lapin S. aureus arthritis, lapin E. coli arthritis and lapin C. fruendii urogenital infections. Section five, the concluding remarks of one chapter, and the final tips. The monograph was intended to be of use for postgraduate students and researchers in medical microbiology and immunology.

Author(s) Details
IBRAHIM M.S. SHNAWA
Department of Medical, Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Qasim, College of Nursing, University of Hilla, Babylon, Iraq.

QASIM N.A. THEWAINI
Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Qasim, Babylon, Iraq.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-991363-4-2

19/08/2025

Malnutrition in Transition: Exploring the Coexistence of Under- and Overnutrition | Chapter 5 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

Malnutrition is one of the debilitating conditions that affects children and pregnant women, commonly seen in South Asian countries, with the prevalence of underweight and overweight being 28% and 17% respectively. It is an imbalance of vital nutrients, excessive or insufficient nutritional intake, or poor utilisation of nutrients. There is a high risk of being overweight or obese in adult life with the presence of childhood malnutrition, especially undernutrition and poor early nutrition, which is known as “double burden of malnutrition,” and commonly seen in low- and middle-income countries. It is complex and influenced by various biological, metabolic, and socio-environmental factors. It can lead to numerous health consequences, including metabolic diseases, non-communicable diseases, and chronic inflammation. In addition to these health consequences, it has a negative financial impact on society and the healthcare system. Diagnosis in the early stages is helpful using anthropometric measurements. Treatment and prevention strategies include mainly lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes and physical therapy. It helps in dealing with various health-related complications and improves the quality of life.

Author(s) Details

Rutuben Bhavsar
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v5/6077

19/08/2025

Concurrent Immune Thrombocytopenia and Crohn’s Disease: A Review of Reported Cases |Chapter 4 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

Background and Aim: The coexistence of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and Crohn’s disease (CD) is not common. This review investigated studies involving cases of concurrent ITP and CD.

Methods: A literature search and review of studies on patients with comorbid ITP and CD, excluding those with drug- or vaccination-induced ITP, was conducted.

Results: Of the 32 cases included in this review, 17 (53.1%) were men, and 15 (46.9%) were women. Ten (31.3%) patients were initially diagnosed with ITP, and 12 (37.5%) with CD. Meanwhile, 10 (31.3%) patients were simultaneously diagnosed with ITP and CD. The development of ITP might be associated with CD aggravation in some cases. The standard therapeutic approaches for comorbid ITP and CD were glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin, biologics, and splenectomy. However, ITP remission might be achieved with bowel resection for CD. No fatalities were reported.

Conclusion: In the reported cases of comorbid ITP and CD, no clear trends were observed regarding s*x and preceding disease. Nevertheless, the prognosis in these cases can be favourable.

Author(s) Details

Toru Shizuma
Department of Physiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v5/6056

19/08/2025

Co-occurrence of Mulibrey Nanism and Jacobs Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient: Importance of Comprehensive Genetic Testing |Chapter 3 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

Background: Mulibrey Nanism (Muscle-liver-brain-eye Nanism; MUL) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the TRIM37 gene. It is characterised by postnatal growth retardation, craniofacial dysmorphism, organ involvement including hepatomegaly and cardiomyopathy, and predisposition to tumours. Jacobs Syndrome (47, XYY) is a s*x chromosome aneuploidy that may present with tall stature, behavioural issues, or be asymptomatic. Co-occurrence of these two conditions is extremely rare and poses diagnostic challenges.

Case Description: A 6-year-old boy was referred for genetic evaluation due to clinical features resembling Silver-Russell syndrome. Detailed genetic investigation was undertaken using a combination of classical and advanced techniques. Cytogenetic analysis with G-banding revealed a mosaic karyotype: 47, XYY[25]/46, XY[25], diagnostic of Jacobs Syndrome. Chromosomal microarray (CMA) confirmed a mosaic gain of the Y chromosome and showed no additional pathogenic copy number variations. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified a homozygous nonsense variant c.586C>T in the TRIM37 gene, confirming the diagnosis of Mulibrey Nanism.

Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis of syndromic presentations requires a stepwise approach and the use of multiple genetic modalities. This case exemplifies the value of exhaustive testing in unravelling rare genetic overlaps and guiding appropriate clinical management.

Author(s) Details
Pritti Kumari
Genetics Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Dr. HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad 380016, India.

Rohina Aggarwal
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Dr. HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Ahmedabad, India.

Akshi Valodara
Genetics Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Dr. HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad 380016, India.

Hetvi Patel
Genetics Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Dr. HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad 380016, India.

Dipak Dhoriya
Genetics Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Dr. HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad 380016, India.

Ankita Suthar
Genetics Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Dr. HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad 380016, India.

Somesh Aggarwal
Department of Opthalmology, M & J Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Ahmedabad, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v5/6029

19/08/2025

Atypical Farber Disease: Diagnostic and Prenatal Challenges of Novel ASAH1 Variants | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

Background: Farber Disease (FD; OMIM #228000) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the ASAH1 gene leading to acid ceramidase deficiency. It classically presents in infancy with a triad of subcutaneous nodules, painful joints, and hoarseness. However, atypical or attenuated phenotypes lacking one or more hallmark features can complicate diagnosis, delaying appropriate management and genetic counseling.

Case Presentation: We report an atypical familial case of FD in which two children exhibited severe developmental delay, hypotonia, progressive skin lesions, joint stiffness, and neuroregression, but lacked subcutaneous nodules. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed cerebral atrophy. Genetic testing in the parents identified heterozygous Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS) in ASAH1: c.1042-2A>C (intron 12) and c.457+4A>G (intron 6). A third affected child showed similar clinical features, and exome sequencing confirmed compound heterozygosity for the same variants. Functional studies, including Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), demonstrated exon skipping and abnormal splicing, leading to the reclassification of both variants as likely pathogenic. A skin biopsy supported the diagnosis of a lysosomal storage disorder, though without classic lipogranulomas. Based on these findings, prenatal testing was successfully offered in a subsequent pregnancy.

Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of atypical Farber Disease and the importance of integrating genetic testing, functional validation, and clinical correlation to reclassify VUS. Early diagnosis and variant interpretation enabled accurate reproductive counseling and prenatal diagnosis. The report underscores the value of preserving DNA samples, especially in rare diseases with evolving phenotypic presentations.

Author(s) Details
Pritti Kumari
Genetics Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Dr. HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380016, India.
Krati Shah
One Center of Genetics, Vadodara, India.
Udhaya Kotecha
Neuberg Center for Genomic Medicine, Ahmedabad, India.
Laksh*ta Chauhan
Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India.
Rohina Aggarwal
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Dr. HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Ahmedabad, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v5/6030

19/08/2025

Do Cancer-associated Adipocytes Influence the Prognostic Value of Preoperative NLR? | Chapter 1 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 5
Background: Increasing evidence has suggested that the host inflammatory status is associated with the prognosis of a number of solid tumours and that many cancers are inflammation-related. Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) turned out to be a routinely available prognostic biomarker, useful predictor of postoperative survival for patients with various tumours, including gastric cancer (GC). However, there are some doubts concerning the prognostic value of preoperative NLR. GC is a tumour type that grows in the anatomical vicinity of adipose tissue, expansion of which causes adipose dysfunction and inflammation to increase systemic levels of proinflammatory factors. A key role in this mechanism seems to be played by the onset of low-grade systemic inflammation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to find out whether there is a relationship between the prognosis of disease outcome due to the value of NLR and the density of adipocites (CAAs) in the primary tumor of patients with GC.

Materials and Methods: A total of 171 patients with GC were eligible for retrospective analysis between 2009 and 2015. NLR was easily obtained from a routine peripheral blood test. Immunohistochemical examination of tumour tissue has been applied. All statistical analyses were conducted.

Results: The Low prognostic value of NLR is the most reliable for the favourable outcome for patients having a low density of CAAs in tumour. Patients with a high density of CAAs have a very high risk of dying, and that does not depend on the value of NLR.

Conclusion: Prognosis due to the value of preoperative NLR is essentially modified by the tumour CAA density, which is the basis for additional identification of patients with an unfavourable outcome of disease and the risk of mortality. It is the evidence for the expediency of the evaluation of tumour CAA density in operation material, and clinicians need to consider tumour CAA density for decisions on treatment strategy.

Author(s) Details
L. Bubnovskaya
R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.

I. Ganusevich
R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.

S. Merentsev
City Clinical Oncological Center, Kyiv, Ukraine.

D. Osinsky
City Clinical Oncological Center, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v5/5876

19/08/2025

Symmetry Breaking Model of Volume Pulsating Walking Droplets: A Study of Critical Aspects | Physical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 2

In the last fifteen years, the classical study of hydrodynamical Faraday waves has attracted renewed interest since the discovery of walking droplets and the more general discovery of hydrodynamical pilot wave models. Notwithstanding that many papers have cleared and rationalised a lot of phenomena with similarities to quantum mechanics (wave/particle duality, discrete orbits, tunnelling effect, statistical properties, etc. The study proposes a generalised model describing the dynamics of extended pulsating walking droplets. The first section provides a brief overview of the open problems of walking droplets. The second section analyses some critical issues of the general stroboscopic models. The third section elaborates on the proposed generalised model of pulsating droplets. Finally, a link is shown between walking droplets and the acoustic gravity wave induced on the surface of the vibrating bath.

Author(s) Details

Gianpaolo Bei
Department of S.B.A.I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Davide Passaro
Department of Statistical Sciences, Rome La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 500185, Rome, Italy.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psniad/v2/6014

19/08/2025

Convectional Onset in Ferrofluid Layer Through a Darcy-brinkman Porous Medium | Chapter 3 | Physical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 2

This chapter considers the analysis of the instabilities of convection through a porous medium in a layer of incompressible ferrofluid when the layer is subjected to a uniform magnetic field along with an external heat source. The Darcy-Brinkman model is used to study porous media. The perturbation method is used in combination with the normal mode method to analyse the influence of various integrated factors involved in the stability/instability of the considered system. The case of exponential variation in stratification is considered, and the dependence of the growth rate on the kinematic viscosity, medium porosity, medium permeability, heat source, Darcy-Brinkman number, and Alfvén squared velocity is also analytically demonstrated. The cases of stable stratification and unstable stratification are also analysed to determine the stabilisation as well as destabilisation effects of the system under certain constraints.

Author(s) Details
Rajan Singh
Department of Mathematics, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, India.

Nidhi Tiwari
Department of Mathematics, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, India.

B.K. Singh
Department of Mathematics, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, India.

Atanu Nag
Department of Physics, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, India.

Anshul Dubey
Department of Mathematics, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psniad/v2/5992

19/08/2025

A Comprehensive Overview of Atmospheric and Spaceflight Operation| Chapter 2 | Physical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 2

The limit of the atmosphere and the beginning of space are considered to be at 100 km altitude. Microgravity is the term used to characterise the very low acceleration level encountered inside a spacecraft in LEO (Low Earth Orbit). The study aims to monitor atmospheric operations and their applications. Chemical composition in the lower layers: 78% of nitrogen, 21% of oxygen, 1% of argon, and < 0.1% others and then a very small amount of other molecules, mainly water vapour and carbon dioxide, are present, which are in fact greenhouse gases, so they are important although they are small in quantity in the atmosphere compared to the other components. In terms of temperature evolution towards the atmosphere, at the level of the ground, with a temperature of 288 K, or 15°C. As one goes up in the mesosphere, about 50 km altitude, the temperature decreases again, and then above 80-90 km altitude it starts to increase again, because of the ionisation of the oxygen, mainly, and somewhat nitrogen atoms in the so-called thermosphere. Microgravity: these are the conditions that one can have in free fall. If someone has pure free fall, they are going to have zero-g or weightlessness, but in fact, there are always perturbing forces. The Hohmann transfer is a special kind of transfer from one circular orbit to another circular orbit. First of all, manoeuvring in orbit is basically ΔV vectorial that, if applied at some point in the orbit of a satellite or spacecraft that one will change the orbit. Here is an example of an initial circular orbit, and if velocity is added in the direction of the circular velocity. At some point, ΔV, if added, it will change the orbit to an elliptical orbit of high energy. Basically, energy was added to the orbit, kinetic energy was also added, so a larger value of the semi-major axis can be obtained instead of the radius r of the initial circular orbit. An elliptical orbit appears, which has a semi-major axis larger than the radius of the initial circular orbit. Now, only instantaneous ΔV will be considered. This is the simplification. Most of the time, the initial conditions are a spacecraft on the ground, called the chaser, which is active and another spacecraft in orbit, the target, which is passive.

Author(s) DetailsP.Sateesh
Department of Physics, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.

A.Rajesh
Department of Physics, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.

Ch.Chakrapani
Department of BS&H, Seshadri Rao Gudlavalleru Engineering College, India.

P.Siva Kumar
Department of Physics, Kaveri University, Gowraram, India.

Y.Durga Sravanthi
Department of Chemistry, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.

Masma Shaik
Department of Chemistry, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.

Hemanth Kumar Narsetti
Department of Physics, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.

M.Rajesh
Department of Physics, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.

T.Ram Prasad
Department of Physics, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.

K.Gopinath
Department of Chemistry, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psniad/v2/5931

19/08/2025

Statistical Cluster and Regression Evaluation of Friction Coefficient in Extremely Thin Diamond-Like Carbon Films | Chapter 1 | Physical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 2

Extremely thin diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are commonly used for nanotribological applications as a protective film. Atomic-scale wear and minute fluctuations in friction degrade equipment performance. Thus, improving the nanotribology of these protective films is crucial for realising higher reliability in nano-systems. The tribological properties of extremely thin DLC films at high temperature were studied. The films were deposited on nickel phosphorus (NiP) or Si substrates using filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) or plasma chemical vapour deposition (P-CVD). The nanotribological properties of the films were investigated using AFM. To evaluate how the friction durability properties of the film depend on load, the friction coefficient was measured using a load-increase and decrease type friction tester. Cluster analysis of the dependence of the friction coefficient on load and number of reciprocating cycles was performed on the data from the friction test using statistical analysis. The nanoindentation hardness values and elastic moduli of the films were lower on NiP than on Si. The nanofriction force of the FCVA-DLC film on NiP was low at room temperature, but very high at high temperatures. In this hard film, the lubricous adsorbate was removed by sliding at high temperature, making it easily damaged through the large deformation of NiP. In contrast, the friction force of the P-CVD-DLC films on both substrates was low at high temperatures. In this case, the lubricous tribochemical products from the P-CVD-DLC film reduced friction and wear. The friction map dependencies on load and number of reciprocating cycles were evaluated using a friction test and statistical cluster analysis. In contrast to the FCVA-DLC film, the friction coefficient of the P-CVD-DLC film is relatively high at room temperature; however, the friction coefficient decreases at high temperature, associated with an increase in durability and critical load. The friction durability of both films depended more strongly on load on NiP than on Si, with the friction coefficients on Si being almost independent of load. At high temperatures and loads, the durability of the FCVA-DLC film on NiP decreased, and this film was easily damaged. Low friction and better durability at high temperature can be obtained for this P-CVD-DLC film; this is evident in the superior nanofriction and wear properties of the film at high temperature.

Author(s) Details
Shojiro Miyake
MS Laboratory, 3-1, Gonokami, Hamra-City, Tokyo 205-0011, Japan and Nippon Institute of Technology, 4-1, Miyash*to-Machi, Minamisaitama, Saitama, 345-8501, Japan.

Masatoshi Miyake
MS Laboratory, 3-1, Gonokami, Hamra-City, Tokyo 205-0011, Japan and Nishogakusya University, 6-16, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 102-8336, Japan.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psniad/v2/5877

12/08/2025

Non-Cardiac Causes of ECG Abnormalities| Book Publisher International
An electrocardiogram (ECG) offers valuable insights into an individual's overall health beyond cardiovascular conditions. Numerous non-cardiac factors can significantly impact ECG readings, resulting in substantial variations in recorded findings. Given that current knowledge in this area remains limited and scattered across different sources, this manuscript seeks to fill the knowledge gap by thoroughly reviewing ECG alterations attributed to diverse non-cardiac factors.

This book comprehensively reviews ECG abnormalities linked to various medical conditions, toxic substances, environmental factors, and technical issues like electrode misplacement. It covers diseases of the brain, lungs, endocrine system, and electrolyte imbalances, along with the effects of pharmaceutical drugs, recreational drugs, natural toxins, and excessive food and drink consumption. Environmental factors such as electrical injury, extreme temperatures, and high altitudes are also discussed. Each section outlines the relevant pathophysiology and includes real patient ECG tracings, summarised tables, and highlighted points to enhance readability. A comprehensive literature review covering past and present research has been conducted to ensure the information is thorough and up-to-date.

By linking the pathophysiology to ECG findings influenced by non-cardiac factors, this manuscript emphasises ECGs' diagnostic and prognostic significance. As a vital source, “Non-cardiac Causes of ECG Abnormalities” equips medical professionals with essential knowledge to interpret ECG data.

Author(s) Details
Sirin Apiyasawat
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-990550-1-8

12/08/2025

Redefining Medical Education: Balancing Innovation, Expansion and Excellence in the AI Era | Book Publisher International
The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and rapid technological advancements have ushered in a new era in medical education. This monograph, “Redefining Medical Education: Balancing Innovation, Expansion and Excellence in the AI Era,” is a comprehensive academic compilation of 23 chapters that critically examine the evolving paradigms of medical teaching and learning in the 21st century.

Bringing together diverse perspectives from specialities such as Paediatrics & Neonatology, General Surgery, Orthopaedics, Radiology, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, and Surgical Superspecialities, the monograph explores how AI and digital tools are transforming medical curricula, clinical training, assessment, research, and faculty development.

It highlights key themes such as personalised learning, competency-based education, telemedicine, simulation-based training, ethical use of AI, global collaborations, and equity in medical access and education. The monograph also addresses the pressing need for balancing rapid expansion in medical institutions with sustained quality and academic excellence.

Designed for medical educators, postgraduate trainees, policymakers, and healthcare professionals, this work aims to stimulate critical discourse, encourage innovation, and provide strategic insights for shaping the future of medical education in an AI-integrated world—where technological progress harmonises with human values and academic rigour.

Author(s) Details
Dr. P. Ramu.
Government Medical College, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Dr. D. Annapurna
Government Medical College, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-991027-5-0

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