05/10/2024
Calypso & Drumming: Trinidad & Tobago
Drumming is joyous, essential to many festivals and celebrations. I first came across the music of Trinidad & Tobago when I was in London in the 70-80’s especially during Carnival, the annual celebration of West Africa/Indian culture. There was a mix of music … from Jamaican Dub to Calypso/Soca and the steel bands of Trinidad & Tobago …wild costumes, dancing, g***a and political intrigue were mixed with artists like Mighty Sparrow, King Tubby, Prince Jammy, Scientist, Lee “Scratch” Perry. Politics and social danger were close at hand.
Even though the steel drums of Calypso ‘drums’ are metallic, sounding more like marimbas or hang drums, they were originally a replacement for traditional hand drums from African traditions, and music that was banned in 1883. A political/cultural rebellion followed, one where the drums were transformed into bamboo instruments. A new Tamboo-bamboo music emerged, ensembles with three sizes of these bamboo drums became the norm. Eventually Tamboo-bamboo instruments were replaced by steel drums.
Trinidad & Tobago are a centre for festivals and steel drum music. If you want to understand the music of Trinidad & Tobago, the two islands situated off the coast of Venezuela, there are four major music threads to deal with: Kaiso/Calypso, Soca, Chutney music, and Parang. There is also a Hindustani classical music culture. The history is fairly complex.
Columbus spotted the Islands in 1498. They had been settled some time between 3500 and 1000 BCE by different Ortoiroid and Saladoid cultures, and by the Kalina around 1630 CE. Dutch settlers came in 1628.
In 1783 the King of Spain opened Trinidad to immigration from the French Caribbean islands. The colony boomed from 1400 to 18,627 by 1797. There were French planters with their slaves, free persons of colour, and mulattos from neighbouring islands of Grenada, Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Dominica that migrated to Trinidad during the French Revolution. By 1797 it was under British rule, as a crown colony. Drumming was banned in 1883 but the instruments were transformed into bamboo, ensembles of three sizes of bamboo. Eventually Tamboo-bamboo instruments were replaced by steel drums, and soon Calypso music emerged.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago