15/10/2024
Peretz Markish (7 December 1895 – 12 August 1952) was a prominent Yiddish poet, prose writer, playwright, and essayist.
Born in Polonne, Russian Empire, to a Sephardi Jewish family, Markish attended cheder and sang in his local synagogue choir. After serving in the Russian Imperial Army during WWI, he was discharged following the Russian Revolution and settled in Ekaterinoslav, Ukraine.
In 1918, Markish moved to Kiev and contributed to the Eygns anthologies (1918–1920), heralding a renewed wave of Yiddish literary creativity in Ukraine. He joined fellow poets David Hofstein and Leib Kvitko, forming a vibrant literary circle.
After pogroms swept Ukraine, Markish left Kiev. His journey led him to Warsaw in 1921, where he joined forces with poets Uri Zvi Greenberg and Melech Ravitch. Together, they transformed Warsaw into the center of Yiddish modernism in Eastern Europe. Their dynamic literary activity included publishing projects, written and verbal polemics, and events that engaged a wide audience in modernist poetry.
Markish coedited the almanac Khalyastre (Gang) with I. J. Singer in 1922, which included his bold manifesto: “Our criterion is not beauty, but horror.” The second and final issue of Khalyastre was released in Paris in 1924 with a cover by Marc Chagall.
Markish remained in Warsaw until 1926. During these years, he also spent time in Berlin, Paris, London, and visited Palestine. But his halo shone over Yiddish poetry in Poland until WWII.
Settling in the Soviet Union in 1926 had a profound effect on Markish’s life and work. By the 1930s, he became one of the most significant Soviet Yiddish writers, receiving the Order of Lenin in 1939. However, in 1949, he was arrested in a campaign against the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee and sentenced to death in a staged trial. The verdict was secretly executed on 12 August 1952.
“If God had dreamed up a model for the creative process, something we refer to as a poet, it was probably blessed with a face, a heart, and a talent like Peretz Markish.” wrote Abraham Sutzkever.
Markish's modernist style and emotional depth remain a testament to his literary genius.