31/07/2024
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Types of Diabetes
1. Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. It is typically diagnosed in children, teens, and young adults.
2. Type 2 Diabetes: The most common type, it occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin. It is often associated with obesity and tends to be diagnosed in adults, though increasingly seen in younger individuals.
3. Gestational Diabetes: Develops during pregnancy and usually disappears after giving birth. Women who have had gestational diabetes have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
4. Prediabetes: A condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes. It increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Causes
Genetics: A family history of diabetes increases the risk.
Autoimmune destruction: In type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
Obesity and physical inactivity: Major risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
Insulin resistance: When the body's cells don't respond well to insulin, leading to higher blood sugar levels.
Hormonal changes: Can lead to gestational diabetes during pregnancy.
Symptoms
Increased thirst and urination
Extreme fatigue
Blurry vision
Slow-healing sores or frequent infections
Unexplained weight loss (type 1)
Tingling or numbness in hands/feet (type 2)
Treatment
Medications
1. Insulin: Essential for type 1 diabetes and sometimes used in type 2 diabetes.
2. Metformin: Helps control blood sugar levels and is often the first medication
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