Sciencedomain International

22/09/2025

Economic Performance of Enterprises under Economic Empowerment Schemes in Tanzania: Comparative Insights from Mara and Arusha Regions | Journal of Economics, Management and Trade

Economic Empowerment Schemes (EES) play a critical role in inclusive growth and poverty reduction in developing countries. This study evaluated the economic performance of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) funded under Tanzania’s Local Government Authority (LGA) revolving loan schemes using cross-sectional data from 495 beneficiaries across Arusha and Mara Regions. It applied both quantitative and qualitative methods through interviews and structured questionnaires. Using descriptive statistics, Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Investment (ROI), and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), the study found an average ROI of 538.7% and BCR of 6.4 across enterprises, indicating enhanced viability post-loan. Profitability rose by an average of 38%, with significant gains in crop production, livestock keeping, petty business, transport, and construction sectors. Employment generation increased by 42%, with higher female participation, and revenue growth averaged 33% post-loan. Business expansion was evident, with 61% of enterprises formalizing operations and acquiring new assets, particularly among women and youth in both regions. These results underscore the effectiveness of EES in improving profitability, viability, and employment generation while revealing regional disparities in outcomes. Post-loan support, including market linkages and training, is essential to sustain growth and reduce regional disparities in economic outcomes in Tanzania.

Author(s) Details

Cornel Anyisile Kibona
Mwalimu Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology, Box 976, Musoma, Tanzania.

Joel Matiku Joshua
Mwalimu Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology, Box 976, Musoma, Tanzania.

Lekumok Kironyi
Mwalimu Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology, Box 976, Musoma, Tanzania.

Roselyne Alphonce
Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Box 3000, Morogoro, Tanzania.

Edward Mbwambo
Mwalimu Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology, Box 976, Musoma, Tanzania.

Lesakit S.B. Mellau
Mwalimu Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology, Box 976, Musoma, Tanzania.

Dominic M. Kambarage
Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Box 3000, Morogoro, Tanzania.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2025/v31i81331

22/09/2025

Strategic Intelligence Redefined: The Role of AI-powered Analytics in Business Strategy Formulation| Journal of Economics, Management and Trade

The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and data analytics is revolutionizing traditional business strategy by enabling predictive intelligence, accelerated decision-making, and agile responses to dynamic market conditions. This paper investigates the pivotal role of AI-powered analytics in strategic planning and ex*****on, illustrating how organizations leverage these technologies to gain competitive advantage, personalize customer engagement, and streamline operations. Through a qualitative content analysis of recent academic literature and illustrative case studies from leading firms such as Amazon, Unilever, and Netflix, the study examines AI's strategic impact across domains including market segmentation, resource optimization, risk assessment, and competitive intelligence. The research underscores the significance of machine learning, natural language processing, and prescriptive analytics in fostering strategic foresight. The paper concludes by proposing a structured framework for the integration of AI-driven analytics into corporate strategy, offering actionable insights for both scholars and practitioners.

Author(s) Details

Varad Rajan Bhanage
Department of Management Studies, Vivekanand College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2025/v31i81332

Full Article - PDF Review History Discussion Published: 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.9734/jemt/2025/v31i81332 Page: 46-52 Issue: 2025 - Volume 31 [Issue 8] Strategic Intelligence Redefined: The Role of AI-powered Analytics in Business Strategy Formulation Full Article - PDF Review History Discussion Published...

22/09/2025

Integrated Light-Acoustic-Chemical Free Trap for Sustainable Crop Pest Management| Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

The aim of the present study was to observe and evaluate the effectiveness of a newly designed composite light-sound-lure based trap system for monitoring and controlling insect pests. This trap was designed to assess the efficiency of various components installed in a newly developed configuration. The system integrated UV light (365 nm and 395 nm), blue light, sticky cards, an electric grid, and an ultrasonic transducer. Results indicated high attraction rates for several key agricultural pests, including scarab beetles, moths, thrips, whiteflies, mosquitoes, and leafhoppers, with blue light being particularly effective against small flying insects. The sticky surfaces and electric grid contributed to enhanced pest mortality. Notably, the ultrasonic component successfully deterred bats, thereby minimizing non-target interference near fruit-bearing trees. The primary objective of the present investigation is to assess the behavioral responses of various insect and pest species to a newly designed trap. Since this trap has not been previously studied in a quantitative framework, there is currently no data available regarding its effectiveness or insect interaction patterns.

Author(s) Details

Kamble V. S.
Department of Zoology, Sangola Mahavidyalaya, Sangola, Dist. Solapur (Maharashtra), India.

Bichukale S. A
Department of Zoology, Sangola Mahavidyalaya, Sangola, Dist. Solapur (Maharashtra), India.

Waghmode S. S.
Department of Zoology, D.B.J. College, Chiplun, Dist. Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), India.

Mane B. U.
Department of Zoology, Waghire College Saswad, Dist. Pune (Maharashtra), India.

Mamlayya A. B.
Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil Mahavidyalaya, Pandharpur (Autonomous), Dist. Solapur, (Maharashtra), India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2025/v47i73581

22/09/2025

Effect of Botanical Based Nano Formulations on the Morphological Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) | Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

Agriculture has to face major challenges related to the provision of a sufficient quantity of healthy food for a constantly increasing world population considering decreasing arable areas and approaching the limits of genetic potential of crops, the only solution to achieve this is the enhancement of crop yield and its protection. Okra requires high quantities of both macro and micro nutrients for economic production. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potash nutrients are important and play a key role in the production of both quantity and quality level in okra. The present study aimed to determines the effect of botanical based nano formulations on the morphological growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). An experiment was conducted at the Main Vegetable Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand with a view to study the effect of botanical-based nano-formulations on the morpho-physiological growth of okra (abelmoschus esculentus L.) during the summer and kharif, 2024. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with three replication having thirteen treatments (T1: Control, T2: RDF, T3: 50% RDN + 10% GNF, T4: 50% RDN + 15% GNF, T5: 50% RDN + 20% GNF, T6: 50% RDN + 10% MNF, T7: 50% RDN + 15% MNF, T8: 50% RDN + 10% GNF + 10% MNF, T9: 50% RDN + 10% GNF + 15% MNF, T10: 50% RDN + 15% GNF + 10% MNF, T11: 50% RDN + 15% GNF + 15% MNF, T12: 50% RDN + 20% GNF + 10% MNF and T13: 50% RDN + 20% GNF + 15% MNF. The results revealed that the treatments included 50% Recommended Dose of Nitrogen supplemented with varying levels of GNF and MNF. The growth parameters, such as plant height, number of branches and dry matter accumulation were significantly influenced by treatments. The highest values across 60, 90 days after sowing (DAS) and harvest were consistently observed under treatment T8 (50% RDN + 10% GNF + 10% MNF), while the lowest were recorded in the control treatment (T1). Though crop growth rate (CGR) was not significantly affected during early stages (30–60 and 60–90 DAS), a marked improvement was recorded during the 90 DAS to harvest phase in pooled analysis, indicating cumulative effects of the nano formulations. Where, GNF: Gliricidia Nano formulation and MNF: Moringa Nano formulation. Foliar spraying of nano formulations significantly increased the number of fruits per plant, fruit length, and fruit weight in okra. The enhanced yield may be attributed to improved biomass dry matter (BMD), along with better morpho-physiological and biochemical traits.

Author(s) Details

K.B. Chaudhary
Department of Plant Physiology, B. A. College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand, Gujarat, India.

A. P. Trivedi
ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand, Gujarat, India.

M.M. Pandya
Agricultural Research Station, AAU, Muvaliya Farm, Dahod, Gujarat, India.

Krunal Baria
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, B. A. College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand, India.

Rajeshvari I. Rathwa
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, AAU, Anand, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2025/v47i73579

22/09/2025

Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L. var. Grossum) | Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

The present investigation was conducted during the autumn-winter season of 2024–2025 to evaluate the effect of integrated use of organic manures, inorganic fertilizers, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the growth, yield, and quality of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with nine treatments and three replications. The treatment combinations were as follows: T₁: Control, T₂: RDF + FYM @ 20 t/ha + PGPR, T₃: 75% RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha, T₄: 50% RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha, T₅: 75% RDF + PGPR, T₆: 50% RDF + PGPR, T₇: 75% RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + PGPR, T₈: 50% RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + PGPR. The results revealed that the treatment T₂ (RDF + FYM @ 20 t/ha + PGPR) recorded the best performance across various parameters, including: Plant height: 68.00 cm, Number of branches per plant: 4.56, Days to 50% flowering: 27.46, Days to first harvest: 58.10, Fruit length: 6.58 cm, Fruit breadth: 4.88 cm, Pericarp thickness: 5.24 mm, Number of fruits per plant: 22.56, Fruit weight: 52.64 g, Yield per plot: 22.14 kg, Maximum yield per hectare: 291.54 q/ha, Total Soluble Solids (TSS): 4.78 °Brix, Benefit-Cost Ratio (B:C): 1.90. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the integrated nutrient management (INM) approach involving RDF + FYM + PGPR significantly enhances the growth, yield, and quality of capsicum. Therefore, the use of INM practices is recommended for sustainable and profitable production of sweet pepper under similar agro-climatic conditions.

Author(s) Details

Pramila Yadav
Department of Horticulture, Rama University, Mandhana, Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh), India.

Jitendra Kumar
Department of Horticulture, Rama University, Mandhana, Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh), India.

Hari Shanker Singh
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Vinay Joseph Silas
Department of Horticulture, Rama University, Mandhana, Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh), India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2025/v47i73580

22/09/2025

Relationship between Peri-Implant Clinical Parameters and Increased Probing Depth in Dental Implants: A Cohort Study | Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research

Background: Peri-implantitis has been defined as an inflammatory lesion of the mucosa surrounding an endosseous implant and with progressive loss of supporting peri-implant bone. The peri-implant health consists of the absence of visual signs of inflammation and the absence of bleeding and/or suppuration after gentle probing, with no increase in the probing depth in comparison to prior exams.

Aims: The gradual increase in probing depth makes it more difficult to keep the subgingival region healthy, patients should be instructed on how to clean the areas rehabilitated with dental implants, and most professionals still have doubts about the diagnosis and treatment of peri-implantitis.

Methodology: This Cohort study carried out at Department of Dentistry University Santo Amaro, São paulo, Brazil, between June 2019 and July 2021. Initially, 208 patients who underwent oral rehabilitation with implants between 2011 and 2012. After defining the eligibility criteria, 73 patients with one unitary external hexagon implant in function for 10 years were included in the study. Participants underwent complete peri-implant examination and were evaluated: probing depth, plaque index, bleeding index and suppuration. Periapical radiographs were taken to verify the current bone level.

Results: Peri-implantitis was diagnosed in 37 implants (50.7%) and 36 (49.3%) were healthy. The 37 implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis were influenced by the plaque index and the interaction between probing depth and suppuration (P < .001). The bone loss for implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis, the average was 4.0 mm (P < .001). For plaque index, the average was 3.6 mm (P < .001) and the average for suppuration as 4.0 mm. The implant was diagnosed with peri-implantitis, and the presence of biofilm has affected the PD.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this cohort study, increased plaque index and suppuration were significantly associated with peri-implantitis. Prospective studies with baseline measurements should be performed to elucidate the role of biofilm in peri-implantitis. Biofilm control is essential for the preservation of peri-implant tissues and, depending on the microorganisms involved, host response and other factors such as smoking, diabetes, and inadequate hygiene, we may have the development of disease.

Author(s) Details

Fernanda Pasquinelli
Department of Dentistry, Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, University Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Alvaro Luiz Mendonça P. Barbosa
Department of Dentistry, Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, University Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Gustavo Antonio Correa Momesso
Department of Dentistry, Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, University Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Humberto O. Schwartz-Filho
Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.

Vanessa Cristina de Branco Gonçalves
Department of Dentistry, Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, University Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Caio Vinicius G. Roman-Torre
Department of Dentistry, Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, University Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2025/v37i75887

22/09/2025

Studies on Efficacy of Plant Extracts and Fungicides on Bipolaris bicolor Inciting Leaf Blight of Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) and their Effect on Conidial Characters (In-vitro) | Journal of Advances in Microbiology

The study was conducted during September, 2023–September, 2024 at Department of Plant Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.). The current experiment was to study the efficacy of plant extracts and fungicides at different concentrations to inhibit the growth of the fungus in-vitro using poisoned food technique. Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) which is a very ancient crop, now days have gained a lot of attention due to its rich nutritive contents and health benefits nowadays suffered from a number of diseases which is hampering the production. Major impactful disease among them is leaf blight of kodo millet caused by Bipolaris bicolor. Different plant extracts used were garlic (Allium sativum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), (Aloe vera), marigold (Tegetes erecta), turmeric (Curcuma longa), neem (Azadiracta indica), congress grass (Parthenium hysterophorus) and aak (Calotropis procera) along with the control. Whereas, on the other hand seven fungicides viz., Tebuconazole 5.36%, Metalaxyl 35% WS, Carbendazim 50% WP, Carboxin 37.5%+Thiram 37.5% DS, Carbendazim 12%+Mancozeb 63% WP, Metalaxyl 8%+Mancozeb 64% WP and Difenoconazole 25% EC along with the control were evaluated in-vitro. Among these plant extracts garlic gave the best results at 5% (40.1%) and 10% (50.0%) when compared to control (84.0 mm and 80.3 mm) at 5% and 10% respectively. Among these fungicides Difenoconazole 25% gave best inhibition at 100 ppm (78.4%) and 250 ppm (83.7%) but Tebuconazole 5.36% gave best inhibition at 500 ppm (87.5%) when compared to control (84.0 mm, 86.1 mm and 85.6 mm) at 100, 250 and 500 ppm respectively. Hence, these plant extracts and fungicides tested in laboratory conditions could be effective when used under in-vivo conditions.

Author(s) Details

Alex Khalkho
Department of Plant Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh (482 004), India.

A. K. Jain
Department of Plant Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh (482 004), India.

Manisha Shyam
Department of Agronomy, AICRP on Small Millets, RARS, Dindori, Madhya Pradesh (481 880), India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2025/v25i7968

22/09/2025

Effect of Salinity on Hyphal Growth and Antimicrobial Potential of Two Halophilic Fungi | Journal of Advances in Microbiology
Halotolerant fungi possess the unique ability to survive and thrive in hypersaline environments, making them promising candidates for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. This study investigated the effect of varying salinity levels (5–25% NaCl) on the growth, antimicrobial activity, and chemical profile of two halophilic fungal strains, Fusarium oxysporum RAS2 and Aspergillus niger RAS3, previously isolated from the Vellar estuary. Maximum hyphal growth for both strains was observed at 5% NaCl, whereas the highest antibacterial and antifungal activities were recorded at 20% NaCl. Ethyl acetate extracts from cultures grown at this concentration exhibited significant inhibition against Pseudomonas sp. and Candida albicans (F. oxysporum RAS2), and Pseudomonas sp. and Rhizopus sp. (A. niger RAS3). The chemical profile of the fungal crude extracts was studied extensively. These results suggest that salt-induced stress enhances the biosynthesis of potent antimicrobial compounds in halotolerant fungi, underscoring their potential as valuable sources of novel therapeutics.

Author(s) Details

Vengatesan Sanjaikumar
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu - 608502, India.

Subramaniyan Anbuselvan
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu - 608502, India.

Surendrakumar Nabisha
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu - 608502, India.

Thangavelu Ramesh
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu - 608502, India.

Muthusamy Thangaraj
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu - 608502, India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2025/v25i7967

22/09/2025

Biochemical Characteristics and Plant Growth Promoting Properties of Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria Isolated from the Rhizosphere Soil of Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) | Journal of Advances in Microbiology Journal of Advances in Microbiology

Zinc is one of the trace elements with growth-promoting effects and plays a major role in many processes related to enzymatic functions, protein synthesis and metabolic path­ways. Low zinc supply limits the rice plant's ability to convert amino acids to proteins. Zinc-solubilizing bacteria act as natural bio-fortifiers that can solubilize the unavailable form of zinc by secreting organic acids, siderophores, and other chelating compounds. Hence, 32 zinc solubilising bacterial isolates were collected from the rhizosphere soil of paddy crop in 21 villages of Kurnool, Prakasam, Guntur and Anantapur districts of Andhra Pradesh by using insoluble source of zinc. These isolates were verified for plant growth promoting properties viz., zinc solubilization, phosphate solubilization, potassium release, exopolysaccharide production, indole acetic acid production, siderophore production and then subjected to standard biochemical tests including starch hydrolysis, hydrogen sulphide production, Indole production, catalase production, oxidase synthesis, gelatine liquification, methyl red reaction, Vogues Proskauer test reaction, citrate utilization and ammonia production in the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, ANGRAU, Lam, Guntur. Two isolates, ZnKJJ-4 (Zinc solubilizing isolate from soil sample - 4 of Kurnool Dist., Jupadu bunglow Mandal and village) and ZnPGG-1 (Zinc isolate from soil sample - 1 of Prakasam Dist., Giddaluru Mandal and village) showed the highest efficiency with respect to plant growth promoting activities. Therefore, these two isolates (ZnKJJ-4, ZnPGG-1) were selected for further evaluation in direct sown paddy crop.

Author(s) Details

S. Vinod Babu
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, ANGRAU, Lam, Guntur, India.

A. Vijaya Gopal
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, ANGRAU, Lam, Guntur, India.

N. Trimurtulu
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, ANGRAU, Lam, Guntur, India.

G. Kishore Babu

Department of Soil Science, RARS, ANGRAU, Lam, Guntur, India.

S. L. Bhattiprolu
Department of Plant Pathology, RARS, ANGRAU, Lam, Guntur, India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2025/v25i7965

Full Article - PDF Review History Discussion Published: 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.9734/jamb/2025/v25i7965 Page: 130-146 Issue: 2025 - Volume 25 [Issue 7] Biochemical Characteristics and Plant Growth Promoting Properties of Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria Isolated from the Rhizosphere Soil of Paddy (Oryza sativa...

22/09/2025

Managing Biotic and Abiotic Stress at Chromosomal Level in Citrus: A Comprehensive Review | Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology

Citrus is a globally important fruit crop, widely valued for its nutritional and economic significance. However, citrus production is increasingly constrained by a multitude of abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, heat, and boron toxicity as well as biotic pressures including Huanglongbing (HLB), citrus tristeza virus (CTV), root rot, and nematode infestations. These stressors severely affect plant growth, yield, and fruit quality. This review provides a comprehensive examination of genetic, physiological, and molecular strategies aimed at enhancing citrus resilience to these challenges. The manuscript highlights the pivotal role of genetic transformation in citrus, where genes sourced from other plants, microorganisms, and even insects have been utilized to create transgenic varieties with improved stress responses. Although biotic stress resistance has seen more genetic intervention than abiotic, the advent of genome sequencing and gene cloning technologies is bridging this gap. Polyploidy, particularly in rootstock development, is explored as a powerful tool for improving tolerance to salinity, drought, and pathogen attack. Tetraploid and allotetraploid rootstocks have demonstrated superior water-use efficiency, ion exclusion capacity, and reduced oxidative damage under stress. The review further discusses methods of gene isolation—including map-based cloning, homology-based cloning, and transcriptomics and their roles in identifying candidate genes responsible for stress tolerance. Several key genes, such as p5cs, HAL2, CS-ACS1, and others, have been linked to tolerance mechanisms against drought, salt, and temperature extremes. Despite promising advancements, challenges remain in field validation, gene functional characterization, and integration of stress-tolerant traits into commercial cultivars. The public availability of citrus genome data is expected to accelerate research in gene discovery and trait development. This review underscores the necessity of combining traditional breeding, biotechnology, and genomic tools to secure sustainable citrus cultivation amid evolving climate and pest threats.

Author(s) Details
Rivanshu Dhul
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab -144411, India.

Apoorva Pharasi
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab -144411, India.

Nilesh Talekar
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab -144411, India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i72644

Full Article - PDF Review History Discussion Published: 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i72644 Page: 1273-1287 Issue: 2025 - Volume 28 [Issue 7] Managing Biotic and Abiotic Stress at Chromosomal Level in Citrus: A Comprehensive Review Full Article - PDF Review History Discussion Published: 2025...

22/09/2025

Impact of Natural Farming Practices on Growth, Yield and Quality of Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. Grand Naine | Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology

The present investigation was conducted during the year 2023-24 and 2024-25 at Horticulture farm, College of Horticulture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with seven treatments and three replications. The treatment consists of single, double and triple green manuring of dhaincha and sunhemp with Ghanjeevamrut applied as a basal dose per pit as per treatment 160, 240 and 320 g/plant, Jeevamrut 160, 240 and 320 ml/plant were applied to the plant in every 21 days, among this natural farming practices the higher value of pseudostem girth (70.32 cm), bunch weight (29.40 kg), finger girth (14.04 cm) and total soluble solid (23.90 0Brix) were recorded significantly with triple green manuring by dhaincha + ghanjeevamrut 160 g/plant + soil application of jeevamrut 160 ml/plant at sowing & every 21 days interval, while minimum days taken to fruit harvest was found non-significant result among different natural farming practices. It is therefore concluded that application of triple green manuring by Dhaincha + ghanjeevamrut 160 g/plant + soil application of jeevamrut 160 ml/plant at sowing & every 21 days interval increased Pseudostem girth, bunch weight, finger girth and total soluble solid of banana cv. Grand Naine.

Author(s) Details

Dhara P. Suthar
Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, Gujarat, India.

N. I. Shah
College of Horticulture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, Gujarat, India.

Disha M. Thanki
Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, Gujarat, India.

Paras G. Kachhad
Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i72645

Full Article - PDF Review History Discussion Published: 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i72645 Page: 1288-1295 Issue: 2025 - Volume 28 [Issue 7] Impact of Natural Farming Practices on Growth, Yield and Quality of Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. Grand Naine Full Article - PDF Review History Dis...

22/09/2025

Managing Biotic and Abiotic Stress at Chromosomal Level in Citrus: A Comprehensive Review | Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology

Citrus is a globally important fruit crop, widely valued for its nutritional and economic significance. However, citrus production is increasingly constrained by a multitude of abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, heat, and boron toxicity as well as biotic pressures including Huanglongbing (HLB), citrus tristeza virus (CTV), root rot, and nematode infestations. These stressors severely affect plant growth, yield, and fruit quality. This review provides a comprehensive examination of genetic, physiological, and molecular strategies aimed at enhancing citrus resilience to these challenges. The manuscript highlights the pivotal role of genetic transformation in citrus, where genes sourced from other plants, microorganisms, and even insects have been utilized to create transgenic varieties with improved stress responses. Although biotic stress resistance has seen more genetic intervention than abiotic, the advent of genome sequencing and gene cloning technologies is bridging this gap. Polyploidy, particularly in rootstock development, is explored as a powerful tool for improving tolerance to salinity, drought, and pathogen attack. Tetraploid and allotetraploid rootstocks have demonstrated superior water-use efficiency, ion exclusion capacity, and reduced oxidative damage under stress. The review further discusses methods of gene isolation—including map-based cloning, homology-based cloning, and transcriptomics and their roles in identifying candidate genes responsible for stress tolerance. Several key genes, such as p5cs, HAL2, CS-ACS1, and others, have been linked to tolerance mechanisms against drought, salt, and temperature extremes. Despite promising advancements, challenges remain in field validation, gene functional characterization, and integration of stress-tolerant traits into commercial cultivars. The public availability of citrus genome data is expected to accelerate research in gene discovery and trait development. This review underscores the necessity of combining traditional breeding, biotechnology, and genomic tools to secure sustainable citrus cultivation amid evolving climate and pest threats.

Author(s) Details
Rivanshu Dhul
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab -144411, India.

Apoorva Pharasi
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab -144411, India.

Nilesh Talekar
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab -144411, India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i72644