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20/06/2025

Field Bio Efficiency of Insect Growth Regulators and Insecticides against Pod Fly, Melanagromyza obtusa in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan, L.) | Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

The present study on the bio efficacy of insect growth regulators and insecticides on pod fly was carried out during kharif 2021 in pigeonpea using Co 7 variety. An experiment was laid out using a randomized block design (RBD) with seven treatments and three replications. Insecticidal treatments consisted of four insect growth regulators and two insecticides along with untreated check and applications were made twice. Among the seven treatments tested, T4: Flubendiamide 480 SC @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 proved to be effective in reducing pod fly population (3.67 No/25 pods). The other treatments tested were found to be on par except T1: Buprofezin 25 SC @ 200 g a.i. ha-1 treated plots (6.33 Nos), whereas untreated check reported with 14.67 Nos at 14 DAS. At the same time, pod damage was also calculated and the lowest pod damage was recorded in T4: Flubendiamide 480 SC @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 and T5: Lufenuron 5.4 EC @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 treated plots and were significantly superior over other treatments and found to be on par with each other with 10.00 and 11.33 per cent, respectively. At two applications of treatments also, T4: Flubendiamide 480 SC @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 treated plots was superior over other treatments and recorded 3.15 Nos per 25 pods with 3.72 and 11.88 per cent pod and seed damage, respectively.

After two applications of T4: Flubendiamide 480 SC @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 the pod fly damage reduction was upto 80.1 per cent and other treatments reported the damage between 42.2 – 78.0 per cent over untreated check. The highest yield was reported in plots treated with T4: Flubendiamide 480 SC @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 for its highest grain yield of 757.7 kg ha-1 with 43.2 per cent increase over untreated check. The other treated plots reported between 478.3 - 680.0 kg of grain yield ha-1 with 10.82-75.56 per cent increase over untreated check. The highest Benefit: Cost ratio was obtained in the plots treated with T4: Flubendiamide 480 SC @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 (1:1.6) and other treatments reported between 1:1.0 – 1:1.4 whereas untreated plots reported with lowest benefit cost ratio of 1:0.9.

Author(s) Details
P. Thilagam
Agricultural Research Station, Virinjipuram -632 104, Tamil Nadu, India.

A. Gopikrishnan
Agricultural Research Station, Virinjipuram -632 104, Tamil Nadu, India.

S. Srividhya
Horticultural College and Research Institute, Paiyur, Krishnagiri – 635 112, Tamil Nadu, India.

K. Sasikumar
Regional Research Station, Paiyur, Krishnagiri – 635112, Tamil Nadu, India.

M. Deivamani
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dharmapuri - 636 809, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i113079

20/06/2025

Effects of Cow-based Preparations and Mulching on W**d Management and Nodulation in Chickpea under Intercropping System | Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

Mulching is one of agronomic practices with goals of lowering soil evaporation, preserving moisture, regulating soil temperature, inhibiting w**d development, and enhancing microbial activity. It is mostly predicated on the recycling of biomass within the farm, with a focus on biomass mulching, the use of cow dung and urine preparations within the farm and preserving soil aeration. A field experiment was conducted for two years during the spring season (2019-20 and 2020-21) at Palampur, Himachal Pradesh (India), which comprises different combination of ghanjeevamrit (mixture of urine, dung, jaggery and chickpea flour), jeevamrit (mixture of urine, dung, jaggery, chickpea flour, handful soil, and water) and mulching (added at rate of 10 t ha-1). The w**d count, w**d dry matter, and yield of wheat as well as chickpeas were studied under sub-temperate humid zone (India). Data showed that application of cow-based preparations (ghanjeevamrit- added at rate of 0.5 t ha-1, jeevamrit-1st spray at rate 5%, 2nd spray 7.5% and subsequent sprays 10% jeevamrit in the water with the rate of 200 L acre-1 at 21 days interval) and mulching significantly affected w**d count, dry matter, w**d control efficiency and number of nodules of chickpea. Based on data of both years significantly lower w**d count and dry weight at 120 DAS (before that w**d count and dry weight was not affected significantly) was recorded in treatment T7(ghanjeevamrit + jeevamrit + mulching) which was statistically at par with T3 (mulching), T5 (ghanjeevamrit + mulching), T6 (jeevamrit + mulching) and T8 (control). At 150 DAS, significantly lower w**d count was recorded in T5 which was at par with T3 and T6 and a significantly highest count was recorded in T4 (ghanjeevamrit + jeevamrit). At harvest, the highest w**d count and dry weight of w**d were found in treatment T2 (jeevamrit), T4, T1 (ghanjeevamrit), and T8. Similarly, the w**d control efficiency was recorded numerically highest under T7 treatment. Minimum w**d count and w**d dry weight were found in the T7 treatment. Significantly highest nodule count in chickpea was recorded in T7 followed by T4, whereas the lowest was recorded in T8. Therefore, this study highlights the combined use of cow-based preparations with mulching to decrease w**d count, dry matter as well as the number of nodules of chickpea increases under natural farming.

Author(s) Details
Raghuveer Choudhary
Department of Agronomy, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh 362001, Gujarat, India.

Rameshwar Kumar
Department of Organic Agriculture and Natural Farming, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Bharat Bhushan Rana
Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Mahendra Choudhary
Department of Agronomy, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263153, Uttarakhand, India.

Satya Narayan Gurjar
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Karauli, 322241, Rajasthan, India.

Jitendra Choudhary
Department of Agronomy, Vivekanand Global University, Jaipur, 303905, Rajasthan, India.

Khemendra Choudhary
Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar,125001, Haryana, India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i113078

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20/06/2025

Hepatotoxicological Evaluation of Parsonsia straminea (R.Br) F. Muel Stem Bark Crude Extract in Mice | Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Toxicity is defined as the degree to which a substance can harm humans or animals. In reality, every entity that makes substances is undoubtedly labelled poisonous except it is quantified to make safety certain for therapeutic purposes. Herbal medicines are generally considered to be safe and efficacious among people of various ethnic backgrounds globally. The plant Parsonsia straminea has been traditionally claimed to be used in arthritis and seizures, although it is not widely explored. P. straminea a plant used medicinally cannot be said to be free from toxicity owing to fact on its use.

Aim of the Study: The aim of the study is to assess the potential hepatotoxicity of P. straminea stem bark extract in mice

Methodology: For the study, about thirty rodents (mice) were set into six groups with five (5) mice in each group. The study groups (GPs) include 1=0.2 ml/kg of distilled water as control; 2 to 6=50,100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of P. straminea extract. The harvested tissues were sent for histopathological examination.

Results: This study has proven that the extract relatively impacted no significant toxicity on the liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total protein (TP).

Conclusion: The study findings have shown that the ethanolic stem bark of P. straminea possesses relatively no remarkable toxicity impact on the liver as revealed in the liver enzymes and the histology assessment.

Author(s) Details

Ozakieoniso James Kemelayefa
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria.

Bonsome Bokolo
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria.

Amarachi Favour Morka
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i12730

20/06/2025

Stature and S*x Estimation Using Some Linear Anthropometric Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Igbo Ethnic Group of Nigeria | Asian Journal of Medical Principles and Clinical Practice

Background: Forensic anthropology's core focus is identifying biological traits like s*x, age, and height. This expertise is useful in several fields, including forensic science, anthropology, archaeology, and medical research. The study aims to formulate stature predictive models using shoulder breadth, sitting shoulder height, and knee height amongst the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria.

Method: A total of 400 subjects, (200 females and 200 males) between the ages of 18-40 years were recruited for the study. Standardized anthropometric techniques were used to measure the shoulder breadth, sitting shoulder height, and sitting knee height. Data analysis used an International Business Machine Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) version 23. Discriminant and multivariate regression were used to estimate s*x and stature. A probability less than 0.05 (p

20/06/2025

Effect of Pretreatment and Osmotic Dehydration on the Quality and Technological Properties of Dried Banana (cv. Thap Maeo) | Asian Food Science Journal

The banana is a product to preserve banana, avoid post-harvest losses and add value. This study aims to evaluate pre-treatments of prevention enzymatic browning and osmotic dehydration, influence on drying time, proximate analysis, physicochemical characterization, color and yield in bananas cv. Thap Maeo. The biometric characterization was performed. Bananas cv. Thap Maeo was submitted to pre-processing: antioxidant (acid ascorbic (0.25%), acid citric (0.30%)), bleaching (94°C), sulphitation (Na2S2O5/0.01%), with and without osmotic dehydration in sucrose solution (65°Brix/6h) and oven dried (65°C). The obtained products were evaluated for drying curve, chemical composition, physicochemical characteristics, internal color and external color, and dried banana yield. The banana of cv. Thap Maeo presents big bunches, high number of fruits, class 12, medium fruits, moderately sweet, low acidity, pulp yield (80.47%) e 92.65 kcal). These technological properties are interesting for agribusiness. There are significant differences for prevention and enzymatic browning, osmotic dehydration and interaction for several evaluated parameters. Dried banana with osmotic dehydration dried in 32 h, dry matter (80.1%), carbohydrates (74%), TSS (65º Brix), TSS/TTA ratio (59.3), ash content (0.4%), lower Aw (0.59), moisture content (19.9%), lower texture (2.23 N), 312 Kcal. Bleaching was the best in preventing the enzymatic browning in dried banana, with lower values of crude fat (0.24%), DM (78.1%), texture (less hard, 2.43 N), low moisture content (21.9%), low pH (4.26), AW (0.66), high yield (39%). Color light, red and yellow: color external (L*(29.1), a*(10), b*(10.3)) and color internal (L*(38.9), a*(12.1), b*(19.9)). The dried banana blanched with osmotic dehydration can be an opportunity for agribusiness bananas, added value, and conservation bananas, and can serve as a basis for Local Productive Arrangements - APL’s, in the Amazon. We recommend that further studies bleaching be carried in bananas with peel, steam blanching, immersion in liquid nitrogen, freeze cycles, and loss of minerals.

Author(s) Details

Natasha Veruska dos Santos Nina
Embrapa Western Amazon – EMBRAPA, Rod. AM-010 S/N, km. 29, Manaus, AM, Brazil, CEP: 69010-970, Brazil.

Jerusa de Souza Andrade
National Institute for Amazonian Research – INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 – Petrópolis – Manaus – AM. CEP 69067-375, Brazil.

Suely de Souza Costa
National Institute for Amazonian Research – INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 – Petrópolis – Manaus – AM. CEP 69067-375, Brazil.

Raimundo da Silva Souza
National Institute for Amazonian Research – INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 – Petrópolis – Manaus – AM. CEP 69067-375, Brazil.

Mirza Carla Normando Pereira
Embrapa Western Amazon – EMBRAPA, Rod. AM-010 S/N, km. 29, Manaus, AM, Brazil, CEP: 69010-970, Brazil.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/afsj/2024/v23i12755

20/06/2025

A Study on Gender Disparity in Agricultural Resource Management in the State of Uttarakhand, India| Archives of Current Research International

Agriculture is one of the drudgery-prone jobs in the unorganized sector, which employs the majority of women. Since agriculture provides them with bread and butter, many Uttarakhand hill people still make agriculture their primary source of income. Planting, transplanting, w**ding, thinning, harvesting, winnowing, processing, selling, storing, taking care of animals, kitchen gardening, and other chores are just a few of the numerous jobs that women perform in the agricultural industry. The current study aims to evaluate the disparity between genders in the agriculture sector's resource access. The study was conducted in two districts of Uttarakhand, AER 9 (Udham Singh Nagar) and AER 14 (Almora). The study area and samples were chosen using a combination of random selection and the purposeful sampling technique. The data was collected between August 2023 and February 2024. There were 240 samples in all. Data was collected for the selected samples through survey method. Appropriate statistics such as frequency, percentage, etc. were used to analyse the data in Microsoft Excel. With 80.33–98.33% of respondents having minor agricultural implements, the bulk of respondents have over 15 years of farming experience. When it comes to labour and marketing, men rule, although women are more likely to help with w**ding and produce sorting/storage. Very few households own large farm implements. Men handle land-related chores and chemicals, equipment, and fertilizers, whereas women are more likely to work on off-farm tasks like gathering firewood and fetching water. The findings demonstrated that men generally hold more powerful positions and have access to and control over significant farm resources, particularly when it comes to crucial decision-making areas like land transactions and the purchase of tools and implements. The percentages for female and joint control indicated regions that might be targeted for the promotion of equal access to and control over agricultural resources through gender-inclusive policies and actions.

Author(s) Details

Pratibha Pandey
Department of RMCS, College of Community Science, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India.

Deepa Vinay
Department of RMCS, College of Community Science, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India.

Seema Kwatra
Department of RMCS, College of Community Science, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India.

S. B. Singh
Department of Maths and Statistics, CBSH, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India.

Govind Singh Kushwaha
Department of Social Science and Humanities, CBSH, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i11987

20/06/2025

Global Thermal Instability in the Spherical Interstellar Clouds | Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics

Thermal instability (TI) is a trigger mechanism, which can explain the formation of small condensations through some regions of the interstellar clouds. The instability criterion for flat geometry approximations has been investigated in previous works. Here, we focus on spherical perturbations in the spherical clouds. Our goal here is to examine the conditions for the occurrence of TI through the thermally dominated (i.e., gravitationally stable) quasi-static spherical interstellar clouds. First, we obtain the profiles of density, temperature, pressure, and enclosed mass of a symmetric spherical cloud. Then, we use the perturbation method to investigate the linear regime of instability and find its growth rate. Considering spherical perturbations on the quasi-static spherical cloud, instead of a thermal and dynamical equilibrium flat cloud, changes the instability criterion so that we can conclude that sphericalness can increase the occurrence of TI. The results show that in the spherical clouds, perturbations with shorter wavelengths have more chance to grow via TI (i.e., greater growth rates).

Author(s) Details

M. Nejad-Asghar
Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2024/v8i4176

20/06/2025

Clonal Diversity and Spatial Dissemination of Drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex among HIV Seropositive Patients in Southwest Nigeria | Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex display relatively static genomes and 99.9% nucleotide sequence identity. Studying the evolutionary history of such monomorphic bacteria is a difficult and challenging task. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the clonal diversity and spatial dissemination of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis complex among HIV seropositive clients in Southwest Nigeria. A total of two-hundred and seventeen (217) consented HIV positive (case subjects) and fifty (50) non-HIV positive controls were recruited for this study. Two Sputum samples were collected from each participant in two consecutive days. The samples were divided into two parts: one part was decontaminated using NAOH-NALC method and aseptically cultured for Mycobacteria on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium with and without pyruvate. Mycobacterial isolates were characterized using Please see the link:- conventional and molecular methods. Anti-TB drug sensitivity test was done using 1% proportion conventional method on LJ. MTBC isolates were sequenced using Genetic Analyzer 3130xl sequencer. Genetic relatedness and clonal diversity (phylogenetic analysis) of MTBC isolates were done using Bio- Edit software and MEGA 6. Out of 217 HIV positive participants, 105(48.4%) were male, while 112(51.6%) were female. Twenty-six (26(52.0%)) of the control subjects were male, while 24(48.0%) were females. The overall prevalence of TB among PLHIV was found to be 19.1%. The prevalence of NTM among PLHIV was found to be 2.8% with M. intracellulare being the predominant organism isolated. Participants’ age was found to be significantly associated with TB (P

20/06/2025

Effect of Aqueous and Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (Lamiaceae) on Seedlings of Three Cultivated Species: Zea mays L. (Poaceae), Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae), and Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae) | Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

Synthetic herbicides use in w**d management has negative effects on human health and environment. This study was carried out to assess the allelopathic effects of Hyptis suaveolens on seedlings of Solanum lycopersicum, Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris. Aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvents at concentrations of 10% and 20% were used to prepare extracts from fresh and dried leaves of this species in foliar and root application in honeycomb plates. The results showed that extracts of Hyptis suaveolens leaves inhibite the development of seedlings of the target species in root application. Concerning the effect of the extracts on the development of Zea mays seedlings, the 20% hydroalcoholic extracts of dry and fresh leaves showed a better mortality rate. This rate varied between 61.67% and 71.08% depending on the species. For Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings, the 20% hydroalcoholic extract of fresh leaves showed a better mortality rate (72.43%). In the case of Solanum lycopersicum seedlings, the aqueous extract of dried leaves induced a better mortality rate (88.97%). It may be concluded that extracts of Hyptis suaveolens leaves could be sprayed as bioherbicide.

Author(s) Details
Arnaud-Freddy Yapi
Department of Plant Biology, Training and Research Unit of Biological Sciences, Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, BP 1328 Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire.

Hervé Cedessia Keassemon Kone
Department of Plant Biology, Training and Research Unit of Biological Sciences, Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, BP 1328 Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire.

Arsène Gue
Laboratory of Farm Produce Improvement, Training and Research Unit of Agroforestery, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire.

Fred Alain Serges Kouame
Department of Plant Biology, Training and Research Unit of Biological Sciences, Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, BP 1328 Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i113081

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20/06/2025

Genetic Variability and Association Studies on Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) | Asian Research Journal of Agriculture

Aims: Low and static productivity (450–800 kg/ha) is one of the main obstacles in blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) crop. The low productivity is due to inadequate seed systems, a lack of access to genetic and genomic resources, and a lack of active breeding initiatives. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the variability and association among yield contributing traits for blackgram improvement programmes.

Place and Duration of Study: The field study was carried out during 2019-2020 in V.O. Chidambaranar Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding.

Study Design and Methodology: A total of 60 F4 progenies developed from the cross IC 436656 x KKB14045 in blackgram for the assessment of per se performance, genetic variability and association studies.

Results: Based on the production of a single plant, seventeen offspring were determined to be promising. The traits viz., number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, and single plant yield showed high PCV and GCV, which indicated that there was a high level of genetic variability in the population. The variables of plant height, number of clusters / plant, number of pods/plant, and single plant yield showed significant heritability and high genetic advancement, indicating additive gene action. Single plant yield was positively and significantly correlated with the traits viz., plant height, number of clusters / plant, number of pods / plant, and number of seeds / pod. Therefore, choosing these characteristics is crucial to creating high yielding blackgram cultivars.

Author(s) Details

D. Shoba
Agricultural Research Station, Kovilpatti-628 501, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, India.

J. Jecintha
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, VOC Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam-628 252, TNAU, Tamil Nadu, India.

J. Joselen Joyci
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, VOC Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam-628 252, TNAU, Tamil Nadu, India.

J.L. Joshi
Agricultural Research Station, Thirupathisaram-629 901, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, India.

M. Arumugam Pillai
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, VOC Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam-628 252, TNAU, Tamil Nadu, India.

S. Juliet Hepziba
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, VOC Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam-628 252, TNAU, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/arja/2024/v17i4600

20/06/2025

Foliar Application of Micronutrients in Orchards: A Comprehensive Review | International Journal of Plant & Soil Science

Applying micronutrients via foliar sprays has become increasingly important in modern orchard management as it addresses nutrient deficiencies that are often difficult to correct with conventional soil applications. This review summarizes existing research on the efficacy, methods, and benefits of foliar micronutrient application in different orchard systems. Particular emphasis is placed on key micronutrients such as iron, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum, and chlorine to emphasize their importance to tree physiology, fruit quality, and overall orchard yield. It also examines the obstacles and best practices related to foliar fertilization, taking into account the timing of application, concentration and environmental aspects. By bringing together evidence from recent studies, this paper aims to provide fruit growers and researchers with a comprehensive understanding of foliar micronutrient strategies to optimize orchard well-being and overall productivity.

Author(s) Details
Renuka
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, J&K, India.

Dhamni Patyal
Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 180009, J&K, India.

Asif Ali
Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 180009, J&K, India.

Sumyrah Mukhtar
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, J&K, India.

Mamta Devi
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Khalsa college of Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India.

Tajamul Mansoor
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, J&K, India.

Anirudh Khajuria
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, J&K, India.

Gurleen Kaur
Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 180009, J&K, India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i115160

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