Civil Engineering

05/08/2025

What is M20 Concrete

05/08/2025

04/08/2025

Presentation of materials/analysis information prior to laboratory test

04/08/2025

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04/08/2025

Thumb Rules for Steel Binding Work:

1. Binding Wire Quantity:

Thumb Rule:
🔹 8–10 kg binding wire per metric ton (MT) of steel
➤ i.e., 0.8% to 1% of total steel weight.

2. Binding Wire Gauge:

Commonly used:
🔹 16 gauge (1.6 mm thick) annealed binding wire.

3. Spacing of Ties (in stirrups or mesh):

🔹 For Columns & Beams: 150 mm to 200 mm c/c

🔹 For Slabs: 100 mm to 150 mm c/c

4. Overlap (Lapping) Length:

🔹 For Tension Zone: 50 × bar diameter

🔹 For Compression Zone: 24 × bar diameter

5. Hook Length in Ties:

🔹 10d to 12d (where "d" = bar diameter)

6. Labor Productivity (Site Practice):

One skilled bar bender with a helper can typically bind:
🔹 1–1.2 MT of steel per day

04/08/2025

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03/08/2025

Retaining Wall: A Small Structure with a Big Responsibility

In one of my recent projects, I was involved in the construction supervision of a reinforced concrete retaining wall that included several important components:
🔩 1. Rebar (Reinforcement Steel):
Installed to strengthen the concrete structure and to resist lateral earth pressure. Rebar detailing is crucial to prevent structural failure caused by uneven soil loading.
💧 2. Waterstop as a Joint Connection:
Placed between concrete pours to prevent water ingress, especially at cold joints between the base and vertical wall.
➕ We used center-bulb PVC waterstops to block water movement through the concrete joints, enhancing durability.
🌧️ 3. Subsoil Drainage System:
Behind the retaining wall, we installed a subsoil drainage system using perforated pipes wrapped in geotextile.
➕ This helps relieve hydrostatic pressure by allowing groundwater to flow away safely.
🔍 All three components work in synergy to ensure the wall not only withstands soil pressure, but also manages moisture and underground water movement.
✅ Retaining walls may appear simple, but they demand precise design and construction attention to avoid long-term structural or geotechnical issues.
💬 Have you ever dealt with retaining wall issues in your project? What was the root cause? Let’s share experiences.

03/08/2025

Triangle shape stirrup cutting length.
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