Tikrit Journal of Administration and Economics Sciences, Dean Administration and Economics Sciences, Building College of Administration and Economics Tikrit University, 3400, Tikrit (2025)

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Dean Administration And Economics Sciences, Building College Of Administration And Economics Tikrit University, 3400

24/10/2024

From Archive, Vol. 17, No. 53, Part (2): 293-311
https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.17.53.2.17

The experiences of the United States of America and China in the knowledge economy and its relationship to international exchange

Abstract:
The research discusses the experiences of the integration of two countries in the knowledge economy and the impact of that merger on their international trade exchange, namely, the United States of America and China, by adopting the global knowledge index, which includes (7) basic axes, and each of them is divided into sub-axes. The importance of the research stems from the fact that the effectiveness of the knowledge economy in both the United States of America and China is related to their economic, political and social development, and thus its reflection on the type and size of their trade exchange. The problem of research is the extent to which economic, political and social determinants influence the adoption of the knowledge economy, in light of international disparities and their reflection on the quality and size of the international trade exchange of the countries, the sample of the research. The research concluded that the United States is one of the leading countries in the knowledge economy because it has an advanced knowledge infrastructure. As well as that the proportion of workers in the information sector constitutes more than 50% of the total workers in other economic sectors, as well as the development of knowledge economy indicators and human development index. And its leadership in the field of knowledge was reflected in the volume and quality of its foreign trade through exports and imports of information and communication technology goods, which ...........

24/10/2024

From Archive, Vol. 17, No. 53, Part (2): 276-292
https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.17.53.2.16

Iraq's foreign trade and its impact on some macro variables for the period (2003-2018)/An analytical framework

Abstract:
Foreign trade has an active and important role in a large group of macroeconomic variables. This effect is practically evident and clear through knowing the measures of trade openness for the case study for this research (Iraq), and thus the impact on the macro variables from the external sector as an inevitable result of the weakness of the productive apparatus in the country. Among the findings of the research is that the commercial openness in Iraq after 2003, whether with or without regulatory restrictions, does not fulfill its economic purpose unless there is a competitive production capacity that has the ability to meet this challenge. Therefore the problem of the external sector in Iraq is a structural problem It is not a regulatory one. Accordingly, there is a need for an open trade policy to be accompanied by support and development of the agricultural and industrial sectors producing goods and services with sufficient quality and quantity to meet the local need, which would contribute to mitigating shocks from the external sector.

24/10/2024

From Archive, Vol. 17, No. 53, Part (2): 255-275
https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.17.53.2.15

Measuring and analyzing the elements of total injection in the Iraqi economy for the period (1990-2018)

Abstract:
The research aimed to measure and analyze the dynamic interactions (short and long term) between the elements of total pumping (private investment spending, government spending, exports) as independent variables and GDP as a dependent variable using the ARDL model. The study assumed that there is a direct, statistically significant relationship between the elements of total pumping and the gross domestic product. For this, three models were used for the study. In addition, annual data covering the period (1990-2018) was used. Finally the results of the ARDL model test revealed to us that there is a common complementarity and a long-term equilibrium relationship between the elements of total pumping and the gross domestic product. The results of the dynamic interactions in the two terms revealed the existence of a direct significant relationship between the total pumping elements and the gross domestic product, and thus the results of the models proved correct. The hypothesis of the study. Accordingly, the study recommended that there should be support for the private sector by the government (with an integrative relationship between them) and not competition or alternative. The study also recommended re-engineering government spending by directing and employing spending in the correct manner, in order to achieve financial returns from it, in addition to the need to activate non-oil sectors )Agriculture and Industry) and controlling border crossings in order to raise rates of GDP growth and then achieve economic development for the country.

24/10/2024

From Archive, Vol. 17, No. 53, Part (2): 240-254
https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.17.53.2.14

The role of economic intelligence in stimulating non-oil exports in Iraq/(future vision)

Abstract:
Economic intelligence is one of the modern concepts that has emerged significantly in conjunction with the technological revolution digital (knowledge economy), as it has been adopted by international companies specialized in all fields, especially in collecting information, analyzing and adapting it to make economically smart decisions. From this standpoint, this study sought to introduce the concept Economic intelligence in enhancing the role of non-oil exports in Iraq. Especially since Iraq relies heavily on oil exports, as well as that Iraq seeks to diversify its economy and revitalize other productive sectors (industrial, agricultural and services), to reduce import operations and take the initiative for export operations of surplus goods. And locally produced services.

24/10/2024

From Archive, Vol. 17, No. 53, Part (2): 220-239
https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.17.53.2.13

Constraints of strategic planning from the point of view of educational supervisors and specialists in the Directorate General of Anbar province/applied study

Abstract:
The research aims to identify the challenges facing the strategic planning of the educational supervision and the specialist in the Directorate General of Education Anbar. Through a set of questions and to achieve the objectives of the study was used descriptive approach. In addition to the development of a questionnaire to measure the constraints of strategic planning consists of (43) divided into four areas (The nature of the strategic planning, challenges related to the educational supervisor, challenges related to the nature of educational supervision, challenges related to senior management). Were verified and validated and applied to a sample of 30 supervisors from outside the study community in addition to a number of test, the SPSS statistical program was used to calculate the pearson coefficient between the total score of each field and its intervals. As well as the Guttman Split- Half Coefficient (GFT) for the total number of subjects (76.4%) which is a high degree of stability Assure the researcher before applying them.
This study started from a research problem represented by the lack of awareness of the importance of strategic planning at all levels, which limits their ability to achieve creativity.
Identify the reality of strategic planning in the educational supervision and specialist in the Directorate General of Education Anbar.
What are the challenges facing them in the field of strategic planning.
The researchers used the statistical averages, standard deviations, relative weights of the fields and paragraphs, and identified the obstacles of strategic planning for the educational supervision and the specialist. The researcher also used the test (T-test):
The degree of the existence of challenges to strategic planning in the development ........

24/10/2024

From Archive, Vol. 17, No. 53, Part (2): 207-219
https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.17.53.2.12

Impact of advanced technology exports on sustainable development in China for the period (2007-2018)

Abstract:
The research aims to analyze the impact of advanced technology exports on sustainable development in China for the period (2007- 2018), where foreign trade is the most important pillar of modern countries and has an important role in achieving economic growth and is considered the main pillar for advancing progress. The research concluded that there is a positive relationship between the increase in the exports of submitted technology and the GDP, which contributed to the increase in GDP. As for the environmental aspect, the increase in the size of the advanced technology industry contributed to the high rate of pollution, where in 2018 the highest rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) was recorded, and on this basis indicates a close relationship between advanced technology exports and sustainable development in China during the study period.

24/10/2024

From Archive, Vol. 17, No. 53, Part (2): 185-206
https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.17.53.2.11

The role of the role of the banking sector in developing small and medium enterprises in Jordan (With a futuristic vision) For the period 2016-2020

Abstract:
The aim of the current research is to study the role of the banking sector in developing small and medium, enterprises in Jordan During the period from the first quarter of 2016 to the third quarter of 2020. Determining the possibility to predict the role of Financial policies in the developing the small and medium enterprises in Jordan during the next five years from the first quarter of 2021 to the fourth quarter of 2025. By adapting the econometric approach according to the exponential model by using Winters & Additive Analysis of the data chain Issued by the Central Bank of Jordan about the total facilities provided by banks for small and medium projects during the period of the first quarter of 2016 to the third quarter of the year 2020 has reached the below results: first)- There is an effective role for financial policies represented by the financial facilities provided by banks in Jordan in developing the small and medium projects during the first quarter of 2016 to the third quarter of 2020. second)- The role of fiscal policies in developing small and medium enterprises can be predicted during first quarter of 2021 to the fourth quarter of 2025. The research recommended the necessity of providing more facilities for small and medium enterprises to solve their problems and enhance their role in economic development.

24/10/2024

From Archive, Vol. 17, No. 53, Part (2): 168-184
https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.17.53.2.10

The negative effects of changes in revenues in the general budget of Iraq for the period 1970-2019

Abstract:
The problem that Iraq suffers from in the general budget in the inability and control to reorganize public revenues to faces during long periods of time. Through the main dependence on oil revenues, lack of interest and the weak ability to change the tax structure as compensation for oil revenues in the event of fluctuation in oil prices and the decrease in global demand for it. Its inability to activate the economic sectors in order to create productive sectors with diversified revenues for the budget as a result of the circumstances that Iraq went through. The actual budget number for the year 2018 have been approved in drawing up estimated budget for the best, not least budget adopted in the economic and social environment of Iraq . Public revenues were analyzed in terms of their oil components tax, and other through a time series from 1970 to 2019 to know the changes that occurred during that period and to determine their causes. Therefore, many conclusions were reached the most important of which is the large fluctuations in the components of public revenues within 50 years and the adoption of the Iraq budget and the long period of years on oil revenues and the proportion of 85%-98%. Lack of interest in tax revenues and misuse and exploitation of the various economic sectors in obtaining revenues. So the research recommends a set of recommendation, privatization of public sector institutions and their sale to the private sector. While ensuring the continuity of their workers and with agreed legal controls and conditions, the state establishes and fully implements small and medium enterprises, employing their workers and sells it to the private sector. Creating and working in a co-op method on various economic sectors, employing the largest possible number of manpower, maintaining acceptable levels of prices, and limiting the volume of import through the local production of cooperatives.

24/10/2024

From Archive, Vol. 17, No. 53, Part (2): 146-167
https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.17.53.2.9

Measuring and Analyzing the Role of the Manufacturing Sector in Economic Activity in the Iraqi Economy using the Autoregressive Distributed Slowdown (ARDL) model

Abstract:
The political and economic transformations that Iraq witnessed after 2003 and the adoption of the philosophy of the market economy in a way that was not prepared for it led to more structural imbalances. The Iraqi economy, and thus the Iraqi economy remained suffering from the reality of industrial dependency, and failed to achieve and strengthen economic independence. Therefore, the research aims to highlight the reality of the manufacturing industry and its role in the economic activity in Iraq for the period (1991-2017). And to identify the most important options facing the future of the manufacturing industry for the industrial sector in the next stage. In order to achieve these goals the research was based on the assumption that the rational orientations of the policies Economic in the industrial sector had a great impact on the weak role of the manufacturing industry in economic activity during the research period. In order to accept or reject this hypothesis, the research adopted building a standard model using the Autoregressive Distributed Deceleration (ARDL) model.

24/10/2024

From Archive, Vol. 17, No. 53, Part (2): 122-145
https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.17.53.2.8

The Effect of Strategic Leadership in Crisis Management Effectiveness: An exploratory study on Al-Hikma Pharmaceuticals Company / Jordan

Abstract:
The study aimed to examine the effect of strategic leadership in the effectiveness of crisis management in the Al-Hekma Pharmaceutical Industry Company in Jordan. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher developed a questionnaire that includes a set of items that measure the study variables. The questionnaire was distributed to all managers in the top management and the supervisors who represent the middle management by adopting the comprehensive survey method, and accordingly the population comprised of (73) participants, and one questionnaire was excluded because it was not valid for statistical analysis, the final population was consisted of (72) participants. There are high levels of strategic leadership practices and high levels of crisis management effectiveness in Al-Hikma as perceived by the sample.There is a statistical significant impact of strategic leadership practices on achieving effectiveness of crisis management, as explained variance coefficient recorded (R2 = 93.3%), which is a high level of the explained variance. The differences in the sample's perceptions for levels of strategic leadership and the effectiveness of crisis management according to functional and demographic characteristics showed that there were no differences according to gender, while differences were found according to educational qualification and age.

24/10/2024

From Archive, Vol. 17, No. 53, Part (2): 109-121
https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.17.53.2.7

Impact of Environmental challenges on Organizational opportunities Using step-wise Regression Analytical study of opinions sample of workers in Municipal Directorate Mosul

Abstract:
Environmental challenges represent of one factors which it contribution of arousal organizational opportunities in organizational field, that’s required of Managements is recruitment with surround involve of challenges to interest opportunities. The problem study is range of vision availability of respondents with Environment challenge that round of it organization to able of investment opportunities and decised of Supereminence. The study depend of hypothesis is there are stepwise impact of environment challenges dimensions in organizational opportunities of organization research. The study be helped of questionnaire as a tool of collect data from random sample (40) persons of organizational level different, and the researchers depend on descriptive analytical Methodology and the study reached many results such there are impact of Environmental challenge in organizational opportunity of organization research.

24/10/2024

From Archive, Vol. 17, No. 53, Part (2): 90-108
doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.17.53.2.6

The Impact of Organizational Capabilities According to the Falletta Model on Employee Engagement: A survey study in the College of Administration and Economics/ University of Mosul

Abstract:
The current research aims to demonstrate the impact of organizational capabilities represented by (structure and adaptability, information and technology, direct management, measures and rewards, growth and development) on the integration of workers. While the research adopted the descriptive and analytical approach, and the field of study was defined at the College of Administration and Economics. While the study community it was represented in the College of Administration and Economics employees. The study was applied to an intentional sample consisting of (80) teachers in the researched organization. The questionnaire was the main tool in data collection. In order to process the data, many statistical methods were used. The most prominent results of the research were the interest of the researched organization in dealing with organizational capabilities as an indicator of great importance in the integration of workers. The study came out with a set of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which are consistent with the statistical results reached by the researcher regarding the existence of an impact of organizational capabilities on the integration of workers with the original model referred to (Falletta). This the results demonstrate the importance of building organizational capabilities and its effective role in achieving job integration. The study recommends the utilization of the capabilities organizational as an infrastructure that serves the engagement process of workers, and as a basic axis in spreading the concepts of engagement and awareness. And its necessity in order to prepare both employees and officials for the engagement process.

Tikrit Journal of Administration and Economics Sciences

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