20/07/2026
Both of these tiny manuscripts were created for women at the heart of sixteenth-century court life.
One belonged to Claude de France, queen of France. The other became closely associated with Mary, Queen of Scots. Small enough to be carried and held close, these books accompanied private moments of prayer far from public ceremony.
Within their miniature pages, color, gold, and delicate painting created a personal world meant to be seen at the closest possible distance.
Around 1517, Claude de France commissioned a prayer book she could keep close and carry with her.
Created in Tours by the artist now known as the Master of Claude de France, the tiny volume reflects the personal world of the young queen. Her coats of arms and family emblems appear among its pages, turning the manuscript into an object closely connected to its first owner.
The Prayer Book of Claude de France contains 132 illustrations across only 104 pages.
Scenes from the life of Christ unfold through full-page and double-page compositions, leaving remarkably little space for text. Landscapes, gestures, clothing, and facial expressions are rendered on pages measuring just 6.9 × 4.9 centimeters.
How much can an artist fit into the smallest possible space?
The Altshausen Hours was created in France between 1510 and 1515 and later entered the possession of Mary, Queen of Scots.
Over the centuries, the tiny book passed through the hands of royal and aristocratic women, traveling across France, Scotland, England, and finally Württemberg. Its name preserves the memory of its most famous owner, but its history connects several generations of European women.
At only 4.8 × 3.2 centimeters, the Altshausen Hours is among the smallest books of hours ever created.
Its fourteen full-page miniatures are surrounded by delicate flowers, inse