16/02/2025
Mikhail Gorbachev: Hoggaamiyihii Burburiyay Midowgii Soofiyeeti (Union of Soviet Socialist Republic)
Mikhail Gorbachev wuxuu 2-dii Maarso 1931, ku dhashay gobolka Stavropol ee Koonfurta dalka Ruushka. Asalkiisu wuxuu ka yimi qoys beeraley ah, markii danbena wuxuu Sharciga ka bartay Jaamacadda Moscow (MGU) sanadkii 1955.
Markii uu soo hanaqaaday, wuxuu ku biiray xisbiga Shuuciga ah ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti (CPSU) isagoo aad u da’yar, wuxuuna si deg deg ah ugu dallacay darajooyinka kala sarreeya ee xisbiga. Sanadkii 1985, Gorbachev wuxuu noqday Xoghayaha Guud ee Xisbiga Shuuciga, taasoo ka dhigtay hoggaamiyaha ugu sarreeya awooddii labaad ee dunida (Midowga Soofiyeeti).
1. Fur-furnaan (Glasnost)
Ereyga Glasnost waa erey Ruushiyaan ah oo macnihiisu yahay "furfurnaan", wuxuuna ereygani ku soohmay siyaasaddii furfurnayd ee uu lasoo baxay Gorbachev. Xilligaas wuxuu xoojiyay xorriyadda hadalka, saxaafadda, iyo dib-u-eegista taariikhda qarsoon ee USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republic).
Saxaafaddu waxay bilowday inay si furan uga hadasho waxyaabo horay looga mamnuucay ka hadalkeeda, sida qaladaadkii xukuumadda, musuqmaasuqii baahey ee ka jirey dalka iyo xasuuqyadii h**e ee ay gaysteen madax h**e oo soo xukuntay dalka.
Furfurnaantii badnayd ee hogaamiyaha cusubi lasoo baxay waxay dhiirranaan xooggan siisay dadkii aamusnaa, waxayna keentay kacdoon dadweyne oo sababay in Qoomiyadaha kala duwan ee USSR ay codsadaan madax-bannaani.
2. Dib-u-habayn (Perestroika)
Perestroika waa eray Ruushiyaan ah oo macnihiisu yahay "dib-u-habeyn, waxayna timi markii hogaamiyaha cusubi isku deyey inuu dib u habeeyo dhaqaalaha USSR si loo horumariyo wax-soosaarka. Wuxuu oggolaaday ganacsiyada gaarka loo leeyahay inay shaqeeyaan, taas oo ahayd wax aan horay loogu oggolayn shacabka, maadaama ay dawladdu ahayd hanti-wadaag.
Furfurnaantii iyo isbeddelladii uu keenay hogaamiyaha cusub waxaa cabbudh ku dareemay dadkii aan xorriyadda arki jirin, waxaa kaloo dhinac socotey in dalalkii reer galbeedku si dantooda ah uga faa'iidaysteen debecsanaantii hogaamiyaha. Labadaas natiijo waxay keeneen jahwareer iyo hoos u dhac dhaqaale oo aad u ba'an.
3. Xidhiidhkii Maraykanka uu la yeeshay iyo Dhammaadkii Dagaalkii Qab**baa.
Wuxuu la saxiixday Ronald Reagan (Madaxweynihii Maraykanka) heshiisyo hub dhimista ah, si loo yareeyo hubkii Nukliyeerka ahaa ee ay labada dal ku tartamayeen samayntiisa.
Wuxuu oggolaaday in ciidamadii Soofiyeeti ay ka baxaan dalalka Bariga Yurub (Poland, Jarmalka Bari, Hungary, IWM.), taasoo keentay in waddamadaasi ka hoos baxaan saameyntii Soofiyeetka, si fududna gacanta ugu galaan Maraykanka.
4. Burburkii Midowgii Soofiyeeti (1991)
Gobolladii USSR ayaa mid mid u go’ay, waxaana kasoo baxay dalal aan h**e adduunka uga jirin, sida Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Ruushka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Estonia, Ukraine iyo kuwo kale oo badan. 1991, waxaa dhacay isku day afgambi oo ay sameeyeen saraakiil shuuci ah oo diiddanaa siyaasaddiisa. In kasta oo uu ka badbaaday, haddana awooddiisii way daciiftay.
Bishii Diseembar 1991, Midowgii Soofiyeeti wuu burburay, Gorbachev-na wuxuu iska casilay xilkii, taasoo keentay in uu Ruushku noqdo dal madax-bannaan halka uu awel ahaa midow ka weyn hal dal.
Gorbachev wuxuu muddo dheer ku noolaa Ruushka, wuxuuna ka hadli jirey arrimaha caalamka iyo siyaasadda, inkastoo in badan oo dadkiisa ka mid ahi u yaqaaneen saaqid aan waxba laga dhegeysan. 1990, wuxuu ku guuleystay Nobel Peace Prize (Abaalmarinta Nabadda).
Geeridiisii
Ugu danbayn, Mikhail Gorbachev wuxuu geeriyooday Agoosto 30, 2022, isagoo da'diisu gaadhey 91 sano.
Dhimashadiisii kaddib, shucuubta caalamku aad ayay ugu kala duwantahay nooca uu ahaa Gorbachev. Shucuubta Galbeedka ayaa qaba in uu ahaa halyeey keenay nabaddii in badan laalnayd ee dunida, halka shucuubta reer Bariga, si gaar ahna Ruushku ay u arkaan nin jilicsan oo ay gacantiisa ku burburtay awooddii labaad ee dunidu.
Gunaanadku waa in uu Gorbachev ahaa hoggaamiye saamayn weyn kaga tegey dunida, saamayntaasi ha noqo mid taban ama mid togan.
Jaalle Cabdalle Qaalib