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ICHEN BUBAN PEOPLE
BRIEF HISTORY

Buban is a sub-clan of Etkwen of Jukun Kingdom. The word “Buban” drive its source from our ancestors called “BU BANOM ADGYEN” meaning “hand mark on my bosom”. This denotes a fear that child may not survive as he had buried all his previous children. Fortunately, the child survived but could not have a wife on time since according to the custom in those days, one had to give out his sister for exchange or labour to get a wife. Therefore, he went for labour for many years and was given a wife named Eya. The marriage was blessed with a child called ETINYI. He married and gave birth to two children, Egwafta and Etendgyan.
When JUKUN family settled at Kwararafa, Etinyi became old and died there. After the death of Etinyi, his children Egwafta and Etendgyan had many children and grand children. There were socio-geographical challenges such as insufficiency of food and water, inadequate fertile land to carter for the growing population and small pox epidemics, which led to the death of many children and adults.

Buban is one of the sub-clan on Etkwen that left mountain Marikam under the leadership of Engwafta and headed eastward to cross river Nyivu popularly known as river Donga. After crossing the river Buban decided to ascend to a mountain Buban which was named after them.
While there at the mountain, the Buban people continued to pay tribute to the Wapan the Royal traditional maker in Jukun kingdom before the jihad of Usman Danfodio in 1804 and the annexation of Lagos in 1834 by the colonialist and then the population of Buban community grew to a certain numerical strength. After the death of Engwafta, Endandgya his son took over the mantle of leadership, ruled for 18 years, and died. After the death of Edandgya the community sent FWATON from ESHIKPAN who is the eldest son of Endandgya to go and acquire the leadership. FWATON went and could not return in time living the community in suspense without leadership, EHWEA and EKANTI both from Enakan the next in the hierarchy decided to give out two of their offspring as follows.

EFO’EYI a male child of EHWEA and EJAN a female child of EKANTI for a traditional rite to the leadership hence it was the practice based on tradition on those days. Coincidentally, FWATON arrived on the ceremonial day and threatening to tear the drum used for the turbanning ceremony; it took the intervention of some notable personalities like, EDONBE, EFWERE and HWIDGYAN. It was later agreed that FWATON be given the title of UBANDOMA i.e. overseer of the royal throne.
EFOKPAN ruled for years based on the arrangement before his younger sibling took over after his death, therefore up till date the ruling throne rotates within EHWEEA and EKANTI of the ENAKAN descendants.
Unlike the rest of the Etkwen clans, the Buban clan did not restrict themselves to their mountainous abode. The hunters among them frequently travel to distance places in search of games. It was in the course of hunting that they met Islam, which later became their dominant religion. Islam had already been practiced in the far north and some parts of the then middle belt after the jihad of Usman Danfodio and the successful establishment of Sokoto caliphate in 1804.

However, Shino Fato, was the first Buban man to dwell on the low land. He settled at a place called (Tati Shino) beside the river that flows from Bibinu towards Suntai Bakundi down to Bantaje. Later there were prominent hunters like Bashir Fihon and Anaruwa all of Buban descendant.
Before the second world war when all Buban were still on the mountain, Shino was the then leader of Buban community and a potential hunter. He had already then descended, he occupied a place called Tati Shino and discovered salt mining point called Nga ukan and Kangan where Buban people launched their yearly fishing festival.

CHILDREN OF BUBAN

Buban man has five children that have its lineage under the following with their traditional title affliction.

1. ESHINKPAN — UBANDOMA
2. ENAKAN — CHIEF
3. EFWERE — KUNDI
4. EDOMBE — GALADIMA
5. HWINDGYAN — MADAKI

In addition, there was internal arrangement to accommodate the council members to enable our brothers from EDOMBE and HWINDGYAN to partake in the political administration of Buban royal council as can be seen below.
8.4.3 Traditional Institution of Buban
The political administration of Buban both at the mountain and the lowland is illustrated by the following list:
LEADERS
1. Efokpan
2. Ehwafon
3. Hwencha
4. Evi
5. Fakan
6. Ekantii
7. Fato
8. Egantii
9. Shino
10. Abershi Abubakar
11. Alh. Ahmad Shishi
12. Rev. Enoch D. Kaduna

The first person to be appointed the chief of Buban was Efokpan, then followed by Ehwafon in descending order up to Rev. Enoch Kaduna as shown in the above chart.

BUBAN UNDER REPRESENTATIVES

1. Mal. Shuaibu Shamaki
2. Mal. Umar Bashir
3. Alh. Bako Kaduna

After the death of Shino from Ekanti ruling house, Malam Shuaibu Shamaki from Ehwеa ruling house was appointed the Wakilin Buban (representative).
After the death of Abershi Abubakar, Malam Shuaibu Shamaki was again appointed the Wakilin Buban.
After the death of Alh. Ahmadu Shishi in 1996, Malam Umar Basir from Ekanti ruling house was appointed Wakilin Buban.
After the death of Rev. Enoch D. Kaduna in 2002, Malam Umar Bashir was again appointed the Wakilin Buban, and he was later nominated as the proposed Chief of Buban. He later died in March, 2008 prior to his proposed date of installation in 5th April, 2008.

After the death of Malam Umar Bashir, Alh. Bako Kaduna was appointed the Wakilin Buban till date.
The Buban kingmakers were evenly shared among the two ruling clans of the ENAKAN lineage as follows: (EHWEA) and (EKANTI)
I. Shuaibu Shamaki — (Ehwea)
II. Kwaju Shwahwea — (Ehwea)
III. Bashir Evi — (Ekanti)
IV. Yakubu Faton — (Ekanti)
Based on the above arrangement in case of any statement in selecting the chief Eshikpan who is the overseer of the royal throne could cast his vote to make a difference.
Nevertheless, Buban community had never been subjected to any clan or clans of Etkwen except Jukun and Chamba. It is an open secret that their three clans.

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11/08/2026

Where are my Buban people
Get ready for your history tomorrow

11/08/2026

🎉 CONGRATULATIONS, HON. MD Jesse
I warmly congratulate Hon. MD Jesse on his well-deserved election as the Youth Leader of the Ichen Cultural and Development Association (ICADA), Jalingo Branch.
Your election today is a clear demonstration of the confidence that the youth and members of ICADA have placed in your leadership, commitment, and ability to represent their interests.
As Youth Leader, you now have an important responsibility to unite the youth, promote our cultural heritage, encourage meaningful participation, and serve as a strong voice for the younger generation.
May this new responsibility bring you wisdom, strength, humility, and the courage to lead with fairness and integrity.
Congratulations once again, Hon. MD Jesse! 🎊👏
May your tenure be marked by unity, progress, inclusiveness and meaningful impact.
Congratulations, Youth Leader!
Congratulations, ICADA Jalingo Branch!
Forward ever, together as one.

11/08/2026

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BIBINU
BRIEF HISTORY
Bibinu is one of the descendants of Etkwen that lived with other Jukun ethnic groups that once lived in Yemen and later founded the great Kwararafa Kingdom.
After the crossing of river donga, they settled at Nugwi hills, Bibinu man moved to the hills called Debəgan in the present Bibinu area of Donga local government area.
At Debəgan hills, the population increased leading to the quest for more farmlands and settlement areas, some Bibinu people spread to other places like Hwi Ekefan (hills), Hwi Egwa (hill), Ten dwa (hill), Hwikən (hill), Je-Tsən (Yelwa), Bibinu town (Mu-Tii), Tahwifə (hill), Bakundi (former Muri Province), Mu-Agwa part of United Hills in the then Sardauna province.

Settlement continued to increase, presently Bibinu people can be found in areas such as Lafiya, Gidan Wuka, Wasaji, Tudun-wada, Gidan-Sale, Kachalla, Maichibi, mo-Efwe and Gidan-audi (all in Donga local government). Bibinu people can also be found settled among other Etkwen clans such as Bəekan area such as Tati-Ndoro, Tudun-Haske, Didan, Baissa, Sabon-Gida Tukura, while in Bakundi area they are found in Zaga, Gidan-Angulu, Suntai, Gidan-Bila in Bali Local Government and in Mararraba Shinmu in Donga local government area.
While at (Shinmu) Bəekan hills, the Ndehwe clan was fond of hunting especially, setting of special animal traps called "Binu" in Etkwen Language. Because of their habits of setting animal traps they were nicknamed Bubinu by their brothers Bəekan. "Bubinu" in Etkwen, which means "that clan who were fond of setting animal traps (Binu)." From then, they had been called Bubinu (Bibinu) to date.
Being deeply driven by their hunting game (occupation) Bubinu later decided to migrate from Bəekan hill toward northwards to settle in Bubinu hills near the Bəekan hill. The hills, the two clans shared boundary to date.

CHILDREN OF BIBINU

The man Bibinu was the son of NDE EHWE, who came together with other Etkwen ethnic groups from Kwararafa Kingdom. He settled at Debəgan hills with his family of two wives and bore four children. The first wife gave birth to Ndeckya and Ndeckwase, while the second wife gave birth to two also namely; Etsənshwa and Esegan for easy administrative purpose and peace leading to its chiefdom. The table below shows the ruling family of Bibinu:

-----------------------------
| Ets nshwa | Esegan |
-----------------------------
| Endakelin | Esegan |
| Gwarrafa | Ndekwase |
| Ndeekya | |
| Sodgyan | |
| Ehwende | |
-----------------------------

TRADITIONAL INSTITUTION

Bibinu people have been existing from time immemorial. Prior to the arrival and colonization of northern protectorate by the colonial masters in 1900, the people administered their affairs through the sub-clans: -
1.Etsənshwa,
2. Esegan,
3. Ndeekya
4. Ndekwase.
They hold traditional titles as:-
-----------------------------------------
| Sub-clan | Traditional Titles (Tii) |
-----------------------------------------
| (1) Ndeekya | Ekefan |
| (2) Etsənshwa | Eteekan |
| (3) Ndekwase | Efen-tii/Enhinton |
| (4) Esegan | Eshipkwa |
-----------------------------------------
At the intervention of British rule into the Chiefdom of Bibinu, the profile of the installation of the chief of Bibinu is as follows:-
Malam Endabwa Ajube from Esegan sub-clan
Mallam Bweyimoa Hwenbwatii from Etsənshwa sub-clan (Gwarafwa)
Malam Musa Kachalla Abwage from Etseəshwa sub-clan (Sodgyan)
Mallam Useni Jibrin from Etsənshwa sub-clan (Sodgyan)

Mallam John Esegan Babale from Esegan sub-clan is currently the Tii of Bibinu (chief) King Makers (Eswa-Tii)
These are the selected elders from the four sub-clans of Bibinu, who are saddled with the responsibility of selecting and confirming the Tii (Chief) at the demise of the one on the throne.

The kingmakers will declare the stool vacant, they then request the next ruling house to produce a candidate, when that is done, they will bless and confirm him.
The two ruling houses in Bibinu are Etsənshwa and Esegan.

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