06/06/2026
On June 6, 1831, free Black leaders from across the country walked into the Wesleyan Church on Lombard Street in Philadelphia and did something no group of American citizens had formally done before, they held the nation’s first organized national political convention.
The delegates convened on June 6 at the brick Wesleyan Church on Lombard Street, gathering by public notice on behalf of the parent society in Philadelphia.  The officers elected were John Bowers of Philadelphia as President, with Thomas L. Jennings serving as Assistant Secretary. 
That name, Thomas L. Jennings, carries serious weight. Jennings was the first Black man in America to receive a patent, awarded on March 3, 1821, for a process called dry-scouring, the direct forerunner of modern dry cleaning.  He used the income from that invention to purchase the freedom of his own family members still held in bo***ge, and funneled the rest into abolitionist causes.  A decade before he sat in that convention room keeping official records, he had already forced the United States patent system to legally recognize him as a citizen, at a time when that recognition was being withheld from nearly every person who looked like him.
The idea for the convention grew from a Baltimore activist named Hezekiah Grice, who appealed to Black leaders across the North after the violent removal of an entire Black community from Cincinnati in 1829.  Of all the delegates who answered that call, only two were women; Elizabeth Armstrong and Rachel Cliff.
Their names are in the record to ensure their contributions were not lost to time.