14/08/2025
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The out-of-school children crisis
BlueprintAug 14, 2025Read original
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The recent revelation that Nigeria has the highest number of out-of-school children worldwide is not only alarming but also embarrassing. The almajiri and out-of-school children syndrome, which has been a lingering crisis in the country, poses a major challenge to the critical stakeholders, namely, governments, communities and international organisations.
The Dean Faculty of Education, Federal University Lokoja, Professor Rafiu Ademola Olatoye, made the disclosure penultimate Wednesday while delivering the 29th inaugural lecture series of the Federal University Lokoja, titled “Lamentation and Consolation in the Adventure of an Educational Evaluator.”
Citing a 2024 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) statistics, Olatoye, a professor of measurements and evaluation, said the total number of out-of-school children as at late 2024 was 18.3 million. He noted that primary age between six and 12 years has 10.2 million just as secondary age between 13 and 17 has 8.1 million.
He noted that the figure calls for concern, stressing that the large out-of-school children population hindered literacy, economic growth and progress on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 that stands for quality education.
The don, who identified family roles, society influence, poverty, home background, lack of finance, religious belief, culture ignorance, among others, as factors responsible for the high rate of out-of-school children, said there is an urgent need for the government and other relevant education stakeholders to tackle the problems of the almajiri prevalent in Northern Nigeria.
He also urged the government to address all the identified socio-economic factors affecting the integration of the almajiri into the formal education system, adding that such effort can be carried out through public enlightenment campaigns and provision of incentives.
Professor Olatoye said, “Adequate incentive should be provided by the government if they want the almajiri to go to formal schools. Government should help the mallams to provide shelter and food for the almajiri in order to eradicate begging activities of almajiri in the society. Regular orientation should be given to mallams on how to take care of the almajiri in order to improve their well-being”.
It is instructive that the almajiri and out-of-school children syndrome, which is more prevalent in Northern Nigeria, has been a lingering crisis with successive governments at both the national and subnational levels formulating policies and initiating programmes aimed at tackling the menace.
The most audacious of such programmes was the almajiri schools built by the Goodluck Jonathan administration in 2013, but which was politicised and subsequently abandoned.
However, the President Muhammmadu Buhari government at the twilight of its eight-year tenure on May 27, 2023, assented into an Act the bill establishing the National Commission for Almajiri and Out-of-School Children Education (NCAOOSCE).
The Act mandates the commission to, among others, develop a multi-modal system of education to tackle the menace of illiteracy, develop skill acquisition and entrepreneurship programmes, as well as prevent youth poverty, delinquency, and destitution in Nigeria. The agency collaborates with organisations like the Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) to develop comprehensive solutions for the almajiri and out-of-school children crisis.
In line with its renewed hope agenda on education, the President Bola Ahmed Tinubu administration allocated over N50.895 billion in the 2025 budget to the almajiri and out-of-school children commission towards achieving its statutory mandate. Thus, the agency has set out to execute its laudable projects and programmes. These include the establishment of state offices across the 36 states of the federation to decentralise its operations as well as to conduct a mop-up exercise for almajiri and out-of-school children in selected states.
It is noteworthy that the almajiri and out-of-school children crisis has been identified as one of the major drivers of insecurity ravaging the country. The Boko Haram insurgents in the North-east, the Lakurawa bandits in the North-west and North-central, the militants in the littoral Niger Delta, the separatist agitators in the South-east and South-west, among other criminal elements, exploit the vulnerability and gullibility of these illiterate children to lure them into their evil networks.
In as much as Blueprint commends the federal government for its pragmatic efforts to solve the almajiri and out-of-school children problem, it is pertinent to draw the government’s attention to the fact that the N50.895 billion earmarked for the NCAOOSCE falls short of the 26 percent budgetary benchmark for education set by the UNESCO and Nigeria’s National Policy on Education.
Of the total of N49.70 trillion 2025 national budget, only N3.52 trillion, 7 percent, was allocated to education, covering Universal
Basic Education and nine new higher institutions.
The allocation also failed to meet the World Bank’s suggested annual allocation of 20-30 percent for the education sector in developing countries, Nigeria inclusive. We urge the federal government to strive towards achieving this noble objective aimed at revitalising the education sector.
The subnational governments also have a critical role to play in resolving the almajiri and out-of-school children menace. While acknowledging the efforts of state governors in this regard, we advise them to go beyond mere rhetoric to walk their talk to improve the education sector in order to combat the almajiri and out-of-school children syndrome and its consequential social disequilibrium, insecurity and economic retardation.