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25/08/2025

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Cybercrime Law 2025: Signed in Silence, Enforced Without ConsentBy CAVimages ***When the 2025 Cybercrimes Act was signed...
25/08/2025

Cybercrime Law 2025: Signed in Silence, Enforced Without Consent
By CAVimages
***

When the 2025 Cybercrimes Act was signed into law August 22, 2025, there was no Fanfare, no National Conversation, and certainly no Widespread Sensitization. For many Nigerians, News of its provisions arrived as a shock—circulating in WhatsApp Groups, trending on X, or whispered in Student Union Debates. Yet, as the Government has firmly stated, ignorance of the Law is no Excuse.

Citizens, Journalists, Students, and Online Communities must now navigate a Legal Framework that reshapes the boundaries of speech and digital expression in Nigeria.

One of the most troubling aspects of the new Act is the absence of Public input. Ordinarily, Legislation of this magnitude—which touches on every Nigerian with a Smartphone or an Internet Connection—should pass through rounds of Public Consultation, Stakeholder Engagement, and rigorous Debate. Instead, the Act slipped through Legislative processes under what critics describe as “Institutional Opacity.”

This lack of participation raises not only Democratic concerns but also practical dangers: how can Citizens comply with Laws they were neither consulted on nor properly educated about? Civil Society Groups argue that the Act was “signed in silence, to be enforced with a Megaphone.”

WHAT THE LAW SAYS
The 2025 Cybercrimes Act carries sweeping provisions and heavy penalties. Among them:

* Unauthorized Access to Devices: Up to 5 years imprisonment

* Tampering with Data: Up to 5 years imprisonment

* Disclosure of Critical Information: Up to 15 years imprisonment

* Recording Private Conversations: Up to 2 years imprisonment

* Publishing False or Misleading Information: Up to 2 years imprisonment

* Online Harassment and Abuse: Up to 2 years imprisonment

* Inciting Ethnic Hatred or Division: Life imprisonment

At first Glance, these Penalties may appear necessary in a Digital Age plagued by Fraud, Online Scams, and Disinformation. But closer inspection reveals troublingly broad and vague categories.

For instance, what constitutes “False or Misleading Information”? Could a satirical tweet, a critical editorial, or a misreported but corrected story qualify?

CHILLING EFFECT ON MEDIA & PUBLIC DISCOURSE
Journalists and Media Practitioners are particularly vulnerable. With provisions against “Publishing Misleading Information,” the Act risks becoming a blunt instrument to stifle investigative reporting, silence dissent, or intimidate Newsrooms. Student Journalists and Campus Bloggers, often outspoken on Governance Issues, may Self-censor out of fear of crossing invisible lines.

The Law also places liability on members of Online Communities for content shared by others. Imagine being prosecuted for a post you didn’t write, simply because it appeared in a WhatsApp group you administer. Such provisions encourage Self-censorship over Civic Dialogue, curbing the vibrancy of Nigeria’s Online Public Square.

GOVERNMENT’S POSITION
The Federal Government defends the Law as a necessary safeguard for National Security and Digital Order. Officials insist that the Penalties deter Cybercrime, Online Harassment, and Ethnic Incitement. “Ignorance of the Law is not a Defense,” a Ministry of Justice Spokesperson recently declared. “Nigerians must conduct themselves responsibly Online.”

While the Logic seems straightforward, critics argue that the Statement misses the point. Citizens are not rejecting the need for Cybercrime Legislation; they are rejecting Legislation made without them, applied against them, and explained only after enforcement begins.

WHY CITIZENS SHOULD CARE
The implications of the Cybercrimes Act go beyond Newsrooms or Tech Hubs. From Market Traders who share voice notes on WhatsApp, to Students debating Policies on X, to everyday Nigerians reposting content on Facebook—every digital interaction now sits within a Legal Framework most people never saw coming.

THE DANGER IS TWOFOLD:
IGNORANCE BY DESIGN: With little to no sensitization, many Citizens may unknowingly commit offenses.

ENFORCEMENT BY DISCRETION: Vague Laws are ripe for selective enforcement, often at the expense of Political Critics or Vulnerable Groups.

TOWARDS TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY
Nigeria needs a Cybercrime Law that balances Security with Civil Liberties, Deterrence with Due Process, and Order with Openness. That balance begins with inclusive lawmaking. Future amendments to the Act must involve Journalists, Student Unions, Civil Society, Legal Experts, and Ordinary Citizens.

Until then, the 2025 Cybercrimes Act remains a cautionary tale: a Law birthed in Silence but destined to echo loudly in Nigeria’s Digital Future.

Nigeria's New Cybercrimes Act: A Threat to Free Speech or a Necessary Measure for Digital Security?By Adolphus Nwaru ***...
25/08/2025

Nigeria's New Cybercrimes Act: A Threat to Free Speech or a Necessary Measure for Digital Security?
By Adolphus Nwaru
***

The Nigerian Government has taken a significant step towards regulating the country's digital space with the signing of the 2025 Cybercrimes Act into law.

The Act, which was passed by the National Assembly under the leadership of Senate President Godswill Akpabio, aims to combat cybercrime, protect citizens from online abuse, and promote digital security.

However, critics argue that the law was enacted without sufficient public consultation, potentially infringing on citizens' rights to free speech and online expression.

THE ACT'S PROVISIONS: A CLOSER LOOK
The 2025 Cybercrimes Act outlines several key offenses, including:

- *UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO DEVICES*: Accessing someone's phone, computer, or digital device without permission, punishable by up to 5 years imprisonment

- *TAMPERING WITH DATA*: Modifying, deleting, or obstructing digital data without lawful authority, punishable by up to 5 years imprisonment

- *DISCLOSURE OF CRITICAL INFORMATION*: Sharing classified or sensitive information without authorization, punishable by up to 15 years imprisonment

- *RECORDING PRIVATE CONVERSATIONS*: Recording private discussions without consent, punishable by up to 2 years imprisonment

- *PUBLISHING FALSE OR MISLEADING INFORMATION*: Spreading Fake News or deliberately misleading content online, punishable by up to 2 years imprisonment

- *ONLINE HARASSMENT AND ABUSE*: Posting offensive or indecent content intended to embarrass or humiliate others, punishable by up to 2 years imprisonment

- *INCITING ETHNIC HATRED OR DIVISION*: Statements or actions that provoke ethnic, religious, or tribal hatred, punishable by life imprisonment .

*CONCERNS OVER DUE PROCESS AND CITIZEN PARTICIPATION*
Despite the Act's noble intentions, many Nigerians are concerned about the lack of public consultation and participation in the law-making process. Critics argue that this oversight could lead to the law being misused to suppress dissenting voices and stifle free speech.

The Government's emphasis that "ignorance of the law is no excuse" has also raised eyebrows, given the limited awareness and understanding of the Act among citizens.

*THE IMPACT ON ONLINE EXPRESSION AND DIGITAL RIGHTS*
The 2025 Cybercrimes Act has sparked a heated debate about the balance between digital security and online freedom. While some argue that the law is necessary to curb cybercrime and protect citizens, others believe that it could have a chilling effect on free speech and online expression. As one critic noted, "The Southeast is being silenced through the backdoor of legality. Digital spaces should be an extension of our democratic rights, not the new frontier of state repression".

*WHAT'S NEXT?*
As the 2025 Cybercrimes Act takes effect, Nigerians are left wondering what the future holds for Online Expression and Digital Rights in the Country.

Will the Law be used to promote Digital Security and Accountability, or will it stifle free speech and creativity?

Only time will tell. One thing is certain, however: the Debate surrounding this Law has highlighted the need for ongoing discussions about Digital Rights, Online Freedom, and the role of Government in regulating the Digital Space.

Faith, Power & Theology of Pain: What the Church and State Teach Us About Nigeria’s CrossroadsBy Ada Ukpabia ***On Sunda...
25/08/2025

Faith, Power & Theology of Pain: What the Church and State Teach Us About Nigeria’s Crossroads
By Ada Ukpabia
***

On Sunday at St. Patrick’s Catholic Church, Ibeku, in Aboh Mbaise, the Pews filled with the sound of hymns and homilies, but what lingered longest was not just the music of the Mass—it was the sharp, almost uncomfortable insistence of the message.

Rev. Fr. Chigozie Nwigwe, in a Sermon titled “The Theology of Pain,” declared:

“Any baptized Christian is a Prophet. Whoever God Loves, He chastises like Job. But Job knew his Redeemer lives. Anybody suffering now should rejoice because from such, God uplifts.”

It was more than a Biblical Exhortation. It was an indictment of a Culture where pain often feels endless and where Resilience, for many Nigerians, has been forced into a way of life. In Nwigwe’s Words, suffering was reframed as Divine Raw Material—an entry point to transformation. “No matter the condition facing you now, don’t hate God,” he urged. “Anything you are passing through will soon end. Dry Bones shall live again.”

This Sermon unfolded against a Symbolic backdrop. The same weekend, Imo State Deputy Governor Lady Chinyere Ihuoma Ekomaru joined Governor Hope Uzodimma at the Eze Imo Palace in Owerri to celebrate the 25th Anniversary of HRH Eze Dr. E. C. Okeke, CFR, as Eze Udo II of Amaifeke and Chairman of both the Imo State and South East Councils of Traditional Rulers.

Her remark was brief but loaded:

“May the reign of the gracious Eze be long and continue to be peaceful.”

PEACE. RESILIENCE. SUFFERING. PROPHECY. These Words, whether from Pulpit or Palace, speak to the essence of Nigeria’s present contradictions: a Nation that worships in Hope, suffers in Silence, celebrates Endurance, but still yearns for Deliverance.

THE POLITICS OF PAIN & THE GOSPEL OF ENDURANCE

For Students of Journalism and the Wider Public, the juxtaposition of a fiery Homily in Rural Aboh Mbaise with the pomp of a Silver Jubilee at Eze Imo Palace offers a story too powerful to ignore. Both are Sermons of a kind—one Spiritual, one Political. Both remind us that Leadership in Nigeria, whether Ecclesiastical or Traditional, often leans heavily on the Language of endurance and providence.

But here is the sharp question: does the Theology of Pain empower the people to resist Injustice, or does it encourage passivity in the face of systemic dysfunction?

When a Priest says, “God always has a direction for His people,” is that a call to Patience or to bold Prophetic Action?

Similarly, when a Deputy Governor invokes Peace at a Traditional Ruler’s Milestone, is she affirming stability—or glossing over the turbulence in a State still wrestling with Insecurity, Unemployment, and a distrustful Citizenry?

WHERE THE CHURCH, STATE & PRESS COLLIDE
For Journalists and Students, these Events challenge us to rethink the Stories we tell about Faith, Governance, and Resilience. Do we report such remarks as mere Rituals of Public Life, or do we press deeper to connect them to the lived realities of Citizens?

The Lazarus Metaphor—“Roll away the Stone. Dry Bones shall live again”—is powerful. But who rolls away the Stone of unemployment in Nigeria? Who breathes life into the dry Bones of abandoned Projects in Imo State?

Likewise, the plea for a long and Peaceful reign for Eze Udo II is admirable. Yet in a State where Traditional Rulers are sometimes caught between Politics and People, how long can Peace endure without Structural Justice?

THE CALL FOR A NEW PROPHETIC JOURNALISM
If, as Rev. Nwigwe insists, every baptized Christian is a Prophet, then perhaps every committed Journalist is a Prophet too—tasked with exposing, warning, encouraging, and bearing uncomfortable truth. Prophecy is not merely about predicting the future but about confronting the present with honesty and Vision.

And here lies the challenge: to resist narratives that normalize Pain as Destiny, while still recognizing that endurance is part of Nigeria’s DNA. To cover Palace Anniversaries not just as Pageantry, but as moments to ask: What has 25 years of Traditional Leadership delivered to Ordinary People?

BETWEEN THE CROSS AND THE CROWN
Faith Communities and Political Leaders will continue to frame Nigeria’s struggles in Spiritual and Cultural Metaphors. But as Journalists, Students, and an engaged Public, we must learn to decode these Metaphors, to bridge them with material realities, and to hold Leaders—sacred and secular—accountable.

Yes, dry Bones shall live again. But they live faster when truth is told, when corruption is exposed, when institutions are strengthened, and when the Press refuses to roll the Stone back over the Grave of Public Accountability.

👉 OVER TO YOU:
Do you think the Theology of Pain strengthens Nigerians to endure—or weakens us into silence?

Should Journalists adopt a “Prophetic” Role in Public Life, or remain Neutral Observers?

Address

Mbaise
Owerri

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