12/05/2026
Tarihi Da Asalin Darikar Tijjaniyya
1. Gabatarwa
Darikar Tijjaniyya ita ce ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗarikoki na Sufi da s**a yadu a faɗin duniyar Musulunci, musamman a Yammacin Afirka da Arewacin Afirka. An fi saninta da tsarinta na ibada, ƙa'idodinta masu ƙarfi, da kuma ta'allakar da take da ita da Annabi Muhammad ﷺ kai tsaye — k**ar yadda mabiyanta ke iƙirari.
2. Wanda Ya Kafa Ɗarika
Sunan Cikakke: Abul Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Mukhtar al-Tijani
Haihuwa: Shekara ta 1150 H / 1737 M, a garin Ain Madi, kudancin Algeria
Mutuwa: Shekara ta 1230 H / 1815 M, a garin Fes, Maroko
Shi ne Shaikh Ahmad Tijjani — wanda aka fi sani da Sayyidi Ahmad Tijjani a tsakanin mabiyansa. An haife shi a cikin gidan ilimi da addini. Tun yana ƙarami ya fara koyon Alƙur'ani da ilimin fiqihu, kuma ya zagaya ƙasashe da yawa yana neman ilimi — Algeria, Masar, Hijaz, Sudan — kafin ya zauna a Maroko.
3. Yadda Ɗarika Ta Faro — Asalin Ta
Mabiyar Tijjaniyya sun riƙa iƙirarin cewa asalin ɗarika ba ta faro ne daga ilimin ɗan Adam kawai ba, sai dai daga wahayi na musamman.
Labarin Firauta (Yaqaza)
A shekara ta 1196 H / 1782 M, a garin Abi Samghun (wanda ke cikin hamada ta Algeria), Shaikh Ahmad Tijjani ya ce ya ga Annabi Muhammad ﷺ a cikin halin yaqaza — wato farkawa, ba mafarki ba. A wannan ganawa, iƙirarin ya ce:
Annabi ﷺ ne da kansa ya ba shi Wird (addu'o'in ɗarika)
Annabi ﷺ ya umarce shi da barin dukkan ɗarikoki da sauye-sauye na Sufi da ya taɓa shiga a baya
Annabi ﷺ ya sanar da shi cewa shi ne "Khatm al-Awliya" — wato Hatimin Waliyyai (Seal of the Saints)
Wannan shi ne tushen ɗarika — kuma shi ne kuma babban mafarin takaddama tsakaninta da sauran ɗarikoki.
4. Aƙidun Asali na Tijjaniyya
Ɗarika tana da ginshiƙai da yawa waɗanda suke bambanta ta da sauran ɗarikoki:
A. Mubaya'a ta Musamman
Duk wanda ya shiga dole ne ya yi bai'a (mubaya'a) ga muƙaddamin ɗarika, ya kuma yanke dukkan alaka da sauran ɗarikoki. Haka nan, ba a yarda da kasancewa a ɗarika biyu a lokaci guda ba.
B. Wird na Ɗarika
Akwai ayyuka uku na yau da kullum:
Lazimul — annaƙalin Astaghfirullah (100 kari), Salatu Fatih (100 kari), da La ilaha illa Allah (100 kari) — ana yi sau biyu kowace rana
Wazifa — ana yi tare, sau ɗaya kowace rana
Hailala — ana yi duk Juma'a, galibi a tare
C. Salatu Fatih
Wannan ita ce mafi muhimmancin addu'a a ɗarika. Mabiya sun yi iƙirarin cewa salawat ɗaya ta Salatu Fatih na daidai da:
Salawat 6,000 na salawat ɗinɗin
Ko ma fiye, gwargwadon riwayoyin da ake rarrabawa
D. Hukuncin Muƙaddam
Wanda ya yada ɗarika ana kiransa Muƙaddam. Shaikh Tijjani ya ba wa muƙaddaman ikonsa na kai tsaye — wato suna iya ba wa wasu bai'a a madadin ɗarika.
5. Yaɗuwar Ɗarika zuwa Yammacin Afirka
Daga Maroko, ɗarika ta bazu zuwa yamma da kudu sosai. Manyan hanyoyin yaɗuwa sun kasance:
Al-Hajj Umar Tal (Senegal/Mali)
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan mashahuran da s**a kawo Tijjaniyya zuwa Yammacin Afirka shi ne Al-Hajj Umar Tall (1794–1864), jagoran jihadi daga Fuuta Toro (yanzu Senegal/Guinea). Ya yi safara zuwa Fes, ya karɓi ɗarika daga hannun magajin Shaikh Tijjani kai tsaye.
Daga baya ya kafa daula ta Jihadi a yammacin Afirka yana yaɗa Tijjaniyya.
Yaɗuwa a Nijeriya/Arewacin Afirka
A Nijeriya — musamman Arewa — Tijjaniyya ta zama babbar ɗarika ta Sufi. An kawo ta ta hanyar malaman Hausa-Fulani da s**a yi ziyara zuwa Fes da Senegal. Har wa yau, Kano ita ce cibiyar Tijjaniyya mafi ƙarfi a Nijeriya.
6. Takaddamar Da Ɗarika Ta Haifar
Tijjaniyya ba ta tafi ba tare da adawa ba — musamman saboda iƙirarin "Khatm al-Awliya" da kuma tsattsauran ƙa'idarta:
Batu Adawa
Iƙirarin Hatimin Waliyyai
Malamai da yawa sun ƙi amincewa, sun ce wannan iƙirari bai dace ba
Barin sauran ɗarikoki
Ɗarikoki k**ar Qadiriyya sun yi adawa
Salatu Fatih ta fi sauran salawat
Wasu malamai sun ƙi amincewa da wannan iƙirari
Wahhabiyya/Salafiyya
Sun ɗauki dukan ɗarika a matsayin bid'a
A Nijeriya, an yi tashin hankali na addini tsakanin mabiya Tijjaniyya da sauran ƙungiyoyi — musamman da zuwan Izala Movement a shekarun 1970s–1980s.
7. Matsayin Ɗarika A Yau
Tijjaniyya ita ce mafi girma a adadi mabiya daga cikin dukkan ɗarikoki na Sufi a duniya — musamman a:
Senegal — kusan yawancin Musulman Senegal suna Tijjaniyya
Nijeriya — musamman Arewa (Kano, Sokoto, Bauchi)
Mali, Guinea, Mauritania, Maroko
Masar, Sudan
An kiyasta cewa mabiyanta suna tsakanin milyoyin 100 zuwa 300 a duniya baki ɗaya.
8. Ƙarshe
Darikar Tijjaniyya ta tsaya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan tasirin addini a tarihin Afirka, musamman Yammacin Afirka. Asalinta ya ginu ne akan iƙirarin hulɗa ta musamman da Annabi ﷺ, ƙa'idodinta sun ƙarfafa haɗin kai da biyayya, kuma yaɗuwarta ta kasance ta hanyar shugabannin jihadi da malamai waɗanda s**a haɗa addini da siyasa.
Fahimtar ɗarika tana buƙatar karantawa daga mahangar tarihi, tauhidi, da kuma kimiyyar zamantakewa — ba tare da son zuciya ko ƙiyayya ba.
Wallahu A'alam — Allah shi ne Mafi Sani.
