
17/08/2025
The Green Gold of Aotearoa: Harakeke and Its Lifeblood Role in Early Māori Life
Long before the arrival of Europeans, Māori settlers of Aotearoa discovered the incredible value of harakeke, the New Zealand flax. Known as the “green gold” of the land, this versatile plant became one of the most important resources for survival, culture, and daily life.
Harakeke was far more than a plant, it was a lifeline. The strong, fibrous leaves were carefully harvested and softened, then woven into ropes, fishing lines, and nets, essential for food gathering in coastal and river communities. Skilled weavers used harakeke to craft kete (baskets), whāriki (floor mats), and cloaks that provided warmth and protection from the elements. Its strength and durability made it an irreplaceable material in everyday life.
But harakeke also held great importance in traditional medicine. The sticky gum was used to treat wounds, burns, and skin irritations, while the juice from the leaves provided soothing remedies for internal ailments. Māori healers recognised the plant’s healing power and integrated it into rongoā (traditional medicine), passing down knowledge through generations.
Beyond its practicality, harakeke also carried deep cultural significance. It symbolised whānau (family), with the outer leaves representing parents protecting the inner shoots, the children. This made harvesting rituals sacred, ensuring the plant was always respected and sustainably used.
Today, harakeke continues to be celebrated as a taonga (treasure), embodying the resilience, ingenuity, and connection to nature that defined early Māori life.