12/07/2025
The Bicol Region: A Journey Through Time
Long before any Western explorers arrived, the ancient people of Bicol, known as the Bicols, had already established their own unique culture. They referred to their land as Ibalon, likely named after their chieftain, Datu G*t Abaal, who ruled from Sawangan, located at the mouth of the Makabalo River, which is now Legazpi City.
In 1570, the influence of Spain reached Ibalon when part of the Legazpi-Urdaneta expedition, led by two Augustinian friars, Fr. Alonzo Jimenez and Fr. Juan Orca, landed on the southwestern coast of the peninsula. They named the southern part “Tierra de Ibalon” and the northern part “Tierra de Camarines.” Tierra de Ibalon is recognized as the first Christian settlement on the island of Luzon.
After the introduction of Christianity and colonization, Ibalon was divided into two encomiendas (land grants). The eastern portion, known as the Encomienda de Busaingan, was given to Pedro Arnedo, while the western half went to Rodrigo Arias Giron. Busaingan, meaning “breaker,” referred to the coastal settlement at the southern tip of Luzon, which is now Santa Magdalena in Sorsogon Province.
Ibalon also served as a port for galleons traveling the Manila-Acapulco route, believed to be the present-day port of Legazpi City. It was here that Bishop Salazar, the first bishop assigned to the Philippines, was stranded for several weeks. During his stay, he learned about the abuses committed by the encomenderos (land grant holders).
Bishop Salazar’s reports are thought to have contributed to the eventual abolition of the encomienda system in Ibalon, leading to the establishment of two original Bicol provinces: Ambos Camarines, which included Albay and Sorsogon.
The boundaries of the region were officially defined in a decree by Spanish Governor General Narciso de Claveria on October 19, 1836. Ambos Camarines underwent several changes until 1919, when the Philippine Legislature passed Act No. 2809, creating the separate province of Camarines Sur.
The eastern part of the peninsula, known as Partido de Ibalon, was renamed Albay in 1663. Over time, some towns in Ambos Camarines and Ibalon were exchanged. The islands of Catanduanes and Masbate were designated as separate military districts.
Sorsogon, which was once part of Albay, became a province in 1894. In 1908, an executive order from the Governor-General made Masbate a sub-province of Albay under the American Civil Government. It gained independence as a province on October 26, 1945, through Commonwealth Act No. 687.
Today, as the people of Bicol rediscover their roots, there is a growing movement to embrace the more native name: Kabikolan, or simply Bicol.