Bicolandia

30/07/2025

Ingat po ang gabos 🙏🙏🙏

18/07/2025

12/07/2025

The Bicol Region: A Journey Through Time

Long before any Western explorers arrived, the ancient people of Bicol, known as the Bicols, had already established their own unique culture. They referred to their land as Ibalon, likely named after their chieftain, Datu G*t Abaal, who ruled from Sawangan, located at the mouth of the Makabalo River, which is now Legazpi City.

In 1570, the influence of Spain reached Ibalon when part of the Legazpi-Urdaneta expedition, led by two Augustinian friars, Fr. Alonzo Jimenez and Fr. Juan Orca, landed on the southwestern coast of the peninsula. They named the southern part “Tierra de Ibalon” and the northern part “Tierra de Camarines.” Tierra de Ibalon is recognized as the first Christian settlement on the island of Luzon.

After the introduction of Christianity and colonization, Ibalon was divided into two encomiendas (land grants). The eastern portion, known as the Encomienda de Busaingan, was given to Pedro Arnedo, while the western half went to Rodrigo Arias Giron. Busaingan, meaning “breaker,” referred to the coastal settlement at the southern tip of Luzon, which is now Santa Magdalena in Sorsogon Province.

Ibalon also served as a port for galleons traveling the Manila-Acapulco route, believed to be the present-day port of Legazpi City. It was here that Bishop Salazar, the first bishop assigned to the Philippines, was stranded for several weeks. During his stay, he learned about the abuses committed by the encomenderos (land grant holders).

Bishop Salazar’s reports are thought to have contributed to the eventual abolition of the encomienda system in Ibalon, leading to the establishment of two original Bicol provinces: Ambos Camarines, which included Albay and Sorsogon.

The boundaries of the region were officially defined in a decree by Spanish Governor General Narciso de Claveria on October 19, 1836. Ambos Camarines underwent several changes until 1919, when the Philippine Legislature passed Act No. 2809, creating the separate province of Camarines Sur.

The eastern part of the peninsula, known as Partido de Ibalon, was renamed Albay in 1663. Over time, some towns in Ambos Camarines and Ibalon were exchanged. The islands of Catanduanes and Masbate were designated as separate military districts.

Sorsogon, which was once part of Albay, became a province in 1894. In 1908, an executive order from the Governor-General made Masbate a sub-province of Albay under the American Civil Government. It gained independence as a province on October 26, 1945, through Commonwealth Act No. 687.

Today, as the people of Bicol rediscover their roots, there is a growing movement to embrace the more native name: Kabikolan, or simply Bicol.

24/06/2025

18/06/2025

Sorsogon is waving. Kasanggayahan Festival na ba next? Aw a. 😀

15/06/2025

Happy Father's Day sa gabos na Ama! Dios Mabalos

14/06/2025

🎉 Just completed level 3 and am so excited to continue growing as a creator on Facebook!

24/02/2024

01/02/2024

25/01/2024

20/01/2024

𝐋𝐀𝐑𝐆𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐂𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐁𝐈𝐂𝐎𝐋 (𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗆𝗌 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗈𝗍𝖺𝗅 𝗅𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖺𝗋𝖾𝖺):

𝟭. 𝗦𝗼𝗿𝘀𝗼𝗴𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗦𝗼𝗿𝘀𝗼𝗴𝗼𝗻 - 𝟮𝟳𝟲.𝟭𝟭 𝗸𝗺²
𝖳𝗁𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗇𝖾𝗇𝗍 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗐𝖺𝗌 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖻𝗅𝗂𝗌𝗁𝖾𝖽 𝗈𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗒𝖾𝖺𝗋 𝗈𝖿 𝟤𝟢𝟢𝟢, 𝖿𝗋𝗈𝗆 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗆𝖾𝗋𝗀𝖾𝗋 𝗈𝖿 𝖡𝖺𝖼𝗈𝗇 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖲𝗈𝗋𝗌𝗈𝗀𝗈𝗇 𝗆𝗎𝗇𝗂𝖼𝗂𝗉𝖺𝗅𝗂𝗍𝗂𝖾𝗌. 𝖳𝗁𝖾 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒'𝗌 𝗍𝗈𝗍𝖺𝗅 𝗉𝗈𝗉𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇 𝗌𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖺𝖽 𝖺𝖼𝗋𝗈𝗌𝗌 𝟨𝟦 𝖻𝖺𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗀𝖺𝗒𝗌. 𝖨𝗍 𝗌𝖾𝗋𝗏𝖾𝗌 𝖺 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗌-𝗌𝗁𝗂𝗉𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍 𝗉𝗈𝗂𝗇𝗍 𝖿𝗋𝗈𝗆 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖵𝗂𝗌𝖺𝗒𝖺𝗌 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖬𝗂𝗇𝖽𝖺𝗇𝖺𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝗇𝖼𝖾𝗌 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗂𝗌 𝖽𝗎𝖻𝖻𝖾𝖽 𝖺𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 "𝖦𝖺𝗍𝖾𝗐𝖺𝗒 𝗍𝗈 𝖲𝗈𝗎𝗍𝗁𝖾𝗋𝗇 𝖯𝗁𝗂𝗅𝗂𝗉𝗉𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗌". 𝖲𝗈𝗋𝗌𝗈𝗀𝗈𝗇 𝖢𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗂𝗌 𝗈𝗇𝖾 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗀𝗂𝗈𝗇'𝗌 𝗅𝖾𝖺𝖽𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗂𝖾𝗌 𝗂𝗇 𝗎𝗋𝖻𝖺𝗇𝗂𝗓𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗆𝗈𝗌𝗍 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗆𝗂𝗌𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗆𝗌 𝗈𝖿 𝖽𝖾𝗏𝖾𝗅𝗈𝗉𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍.

𝟮. 𝗟𝗶𝗴𝗮𝗼 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗔𝗹𝗯𝗮𝘆 - 𝟮𝟰𝟲.𝟳𝟱 𝗸𝗺²
𝖫𝗂𝗀𝖺𝗈, 𝗈𝖿𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅𝗅𝗒 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖢𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗈𝖿 𝖫𝗂𝗀𝖺𝗈, 𝗂𝗌 𝖺 𝟦𝗍𝗁 𝖼𝗅𝖺𝗌𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗇𝖾𝗇𝗍 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝗇𝖼𝖾 𝗈𝖿 𝖠𝗅𝖻𝖺𝗒, 𝖯𝗁𝗂𝗅𝗂𝗉𝗉𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗌. 𝖠𝖼𝖼𝗈𝗋𝖽𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝗍𝗈 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝟤𝟢𝟤𝟢 𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗌𝗎𝗌, 𝗂𝗍 𝗁𝖺𝗌 𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗉𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇 𝗈𝖿 𝟣𝟣𝟪,𝟢𝟫𝟨 𝗉𝖾𝗈𝗉𝗅𝖾. 𝖬𝗈𝗌𝗍 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒'𝗌 𝖾𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗈𝗆𝗒 𝖼𝖺𝗆𝖾 𝖿𝗋𝗈𝗆 𝖺𝗀𝗋𝗂𝖼𝗎𝗅𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝖼𝗍𝗈𝗋. 𝖫𝗂𝗀𝖺𝗈 𝗐𝖺𝗌 𝗇𝖺𝗆𝖾𝖽 𝖺𝖿𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗐𝗈𝗋𝖽 "𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗎", 𝖺𝗇 𝖺𝖻𝗎𝗇𝖽𝖺𝗇𝗍 𝗍𝗋𝖾𝖾 𝗐𝗁𝗂𝖼𝗁 𝗁𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝗈𝗂𝗌𝗈𝗇𝗈𝗎𝗌 𝗍𝗋𝖾𝖾𝗌 𝗎𝗌𝖾𝖽 𝗍𝗈 𝖼𝖺𝗍𝖼𝗁 𝖿𝗂𝗌𝗁𝖾𝗌 𝖿𝗋𝗈𝗆 𝗋𝗂𝗏𝖾𝗋𝗌 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖼𝗋𝖾𝖾𝗄𝗌. 𝖨𝗍 𝗐𝖺𝗌 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗆𝖾𝗋𝗅𝗒 𝗄𝗇𝗈𝗐𝗇 𝖺𝗌 𝖢𝖺𝗏𝖺𝗌𝗂.

𝟯. 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝗯𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝗯𝗮𝘁𝗲 - 𝟭𝟴𝟴.𝟬𝟬 𝗸𝗺²
𝖠𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗈𝗇𝗅𝗒 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝗇𝖼𝖾, 𝖬𝖺𝗌𝖻𝖺𝗍𝖾 𝖢𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗌𝖾𝗋𝗏𝖾𝗌 𝖺𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝗇𝖼𝖾'𝗌 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗇 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗆𝖾𝗋𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖼𝗁𝗂𝖾𝖿 𝗌𝖾𝖺𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍. 𝖨𝗍 𝗂𝗌 𝗇𝗈𝗍𝖾𝖽 𝖿𝗈𝗋 𝗂𝗍𝗌 𝗐𝖾𝗅𝗅-𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗍𝖾𝖼𝗍𝖾𝖽 𝗌𝖾𝖺𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍, 𝗐𝗂𝗍𝗁 𝖳𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗈 𝖨𝗌𝗅𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝖺𝗌 𝖻𝖺𝗋𝗋𝗂𝖾𝗋 𝖺𝗀𝖺𝗂𝗇𝗌𝗍 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖾𝖿𝖿𝖾𝖼𝗍𝗌 𝗈𝖿 𝗂𝗇𝖼𝗅𝖾𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍 𝗐𝖾𝖺𝗍𝗁𝖾𝗋 𝖿𝗋𝗈𝗆 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗇𝗈𝗋𝗍𝗁-𝖾𝖺𝗌𝗍. 𝖡𝖾𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝗅𝗈𝖼𝖺𝗍𝖾𝖽 𝖺𝗍 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗅 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝗍 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖯𝗁𝗂𝗅𝗂𝗉𝗉𝗂𝗇𝖾 𝖺𝗋𝖼𝗁𝗂𝗉𝖾𝗅𝖺𝗀𝗈, 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗌𝖾𝗋𝗏𝖾𝗌 𝖺𝗌 𝖡𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗅 𝖱𝖾𝗀𝗂𝗈𝗇'𝗌 𝗀𝖺𝗍𝖾𝗐𝖺𝗒 𝗍𝗈 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖵𝗂𝗌𝖺𝗒𝖺𝗌 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖬𝗂𝗇𝖽𝖺𝗇𝖺𝗈. 𝖨𝗍 𝗂𝗌 𝖺𝖼𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗂𝖻𝗅𝖾 𝗍𝗁𝗋𝗈𝗎𝗀𝗁 𝗌𝖾𝖺 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖺𝗂𝗋 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇. 𝖳𝗁𝖾 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗆 "𝖬𝖺𝗌𝖻𝖺𝗍𝖾" 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝖾𝗌 𝖿𝗋𝗈𝗆 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗅𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗇 "𝗆𝖺𝗌𝖻𝖺𝖽" 𝗐𝗁𝗂𝖼𝗁 𝗆𝖾𝖺𝗇𝗌 "𝖺 𝗅𝗈𝗍 𝗈𝖿 𝗀𝗈𝗅𝖽" 𝗐𝗁𝖾𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗌𝗉𝖺𝗇𝗂𝗌𝗁 𝗅𝖺𝗇𝖽𝖾𝖽 𝗈𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗂𝗌𝗅𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗈𝖿 𝗆𝖺𝗌𝖻𝖺𝗍𝖾 𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝟣𝟩𝟫𝟢𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗉𝖾𝗈𝗉𝗅𝖾 𝗐𝖾𝗅𝖼𝗈𝗆𝖾𝖽 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖲𝗉𝖺𝗇𝗂𝖺𝗋𝖽𝗌 𝗂𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗍𝗁𝖾𝗂𝗋 𝖺𝗋𝖾𝖺.

𝟰. 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗮𝘇𝗽𝗶 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗔𝗹𝗯𝗮𝘆 - 𝟭𝟱𝟯.𝟳𝟬 𝗸𝗺²
𝖫𝖾𝗀𝖺𝗓𝗉𝗂, 𝗈𝖿𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅𝗅𝗒 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖢𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗈𝖿 𝖫𝖾𝗀𝖺𝗓𝗉𝗂, 𝗂𝗌 𝖺 𝟣𝗌𝗍 𝖼𝗅𝖺𝗌𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗇𝖾𝗇𝗍 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖼𝖺𝗉𝗂𝗍𝖺𝗅 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝗇𝖼𝖾 𝗈𝖿 𝖠𝗅𝖻𝖺𝗒, 𝖯𝗁𝗂𝗅𝗂𝗉𝗉𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗌. 𝖠𝖼𝖼𝗈𝗋𝖽𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝗍𝗈 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝟤𝟢𝟤𝟢 𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗌𝗎𝗌, 𝗂𝗍 𝗁𝖺𝗌 𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗉𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇 𝗈𝖿 𝟤𝟢𝟫,𝟧𝟥𝟥. 𝖫𝖾𝗀𝖺𝗓𝗉𝗂 𝗂𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗀𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅 𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗅𝖺𝗋𝗀𝖾𝗌𝗍 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖡𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗅 𝖱𝖾𝗀𝗂𝗈𝗇, 𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗆𝗌 𝗈𝖿 𝗉𝗈𝗉𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇. 𝖨𝗍 𝗂𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗀𝗂𝗈𝗇'𝗌 𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗈𝗎𝗋𝗂𝗌𝗆, 𝖾𝖽𝗎𝖼𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇, 𝗁𝖾𝖺𝗅𝗍𝗁 𝗌𝖾𝗋𝗏𝗂𝖼𝖾𝗌, 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗆𝖾𝗋𝖼𝖾 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇 𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖡𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗅 𝖱𝖾𝗀𝗂𝗈𝗇. 𝖳𝗁𝖾 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗂𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗌𝖾𝖽 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗐𝗈 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗋𝗂𝖼𝗍𝗌, 𝖫𝖾𝗀𝖺𝗓𝗉𝗂 𝖯𝗈𝗋𝗍 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖮𝗅𝖽 𝖠𝗅𝖻𝖺𝗒 𝖣𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗋𝗂𝖼𝗍. 𝖬𝖺𝗒𝗈𝗇 𝖵𝗈𝗅𝖼𝖺𝗇𝗈, 𝗈𝗇𝖾 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖯𝗁𝗂𝗅𝗂𝗉𝗉𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗌' 𝗆𝗈𝗌𝗍 𝗉𝗈𝗉𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗋 𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗍𝗈𝗎𝗋𝗂𝗌𝗍 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇𝗌, 𝗂𝗌 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗅𝗒 𝗐𝗂𝗍𝗁𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒'𝗌 𝖻𝗈𝗋𝖽𝖾𝗋𝗌. 𝖫𝖾𝗀𝖺𝗓𝗉𝗂 𝗂𝗌 𝖺 𝗆𝖺𝗃𝗈𝗋 𝖾𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗈𝗆𝗂𝖼 𝗁𝗎𝖻 𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖡𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗅 𝖱𝖾𝗀𝗂𝗈𝗇. 𝖤𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗈𝗆𝗂𝖼 𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗂𝗍𝗂𝖾𝗌 𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗂𝗇𝖼𝗅𝗎𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗀𝗋𝗂𝖼𝗎𝗅𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖾, 𝗐𝗁𝗈𝗅𝖾𝗌𝖺𝗅𝖾 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗋𝖾𝗍𝖺𝗂𝗅 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝖽𝖾, 𝗌𝖾𝗋𝗏𝗂𝖼𝖾𝗌, 𝗆𝖺𝗇𝗎𝖿𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗆𝗂𝗇𝗂𝗇𝗀.
𝖫𝖾𝗀𝖺𝗓𝗉𝗂 𝗁𝖺𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗍𝗈𝗎𝗋𝗂𝗌𝗆 𝗍𝖺𝗀𝗅𝗂𝗇𝖾 𝗍𝗁𝖾 "𝖢𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗈𝖿 𝖥𝗎𝗇 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖠𝖽𝗏𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖾", 𝗐𝗂𝗍𝗁 𝖺 𝗇𝗎𝗆𝖻𝖾𝗋 𝗈𝖿 𝖺𝖽𝗏𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖾 𝗍𝗈𝗎𝗋𝗂𝗌𝗆 𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗂𝗍𝗂𝖾𝗌 𝗐𝗂𝗍𝗁𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗂𝗇𝖼𝗅𝗎𝖽𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝗋𝗂𝖽𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝖺𝗇 𝖠𝖳𝖵 𝖺𝗋𝗈𝗎𝗇𝖽 𝖬𝗍. 𝖬𝖺𝗒𝗈𝗇, 𝗓𝗂𝗉-𝗅𝗂𝗇𝗂𝗇𝗀, 𝗌𝗄𝗒𝖽𝗂𝗏𝗂𝗇𝗀, 𝗌𝖼𝗎𝖻𝖺 𝖽𝗂𝗏𝗂𝗇𝗀, 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗐𝖺𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝗌.

𝟱. 𝗜𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗮 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗖𝗮𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗦𝘂𝗿 - 𝟭𝟯𝟳.𝟯𝟱 𝗸𝗺²
𝖨𝗋𝗂𝗀𝖺, 𝗈𝖿𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅𝗅𝗒 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖢𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗈𝖿 𝖨𝗋𝗂𝗀𝖺, 𝗂𝗌 𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗇𝖾𝗇𝗍 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝗇𝖼𝖾 𝗈𝖿 𝖢𝖺𝗆𝖺𝗋𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗌 𝖲𝗎𝗋, 𝖯𝗁𝗂𝗅𝗂𝗉𝗉𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗌. 𝖠𝖼𝖼𝗈𝗋𝖽𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝗍𝗈 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝟤𝟢𝟤𝟢 𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗌𝗎𝗌, 𝗂𝗍 𝗁𝖺𝗌 𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗉𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇 𝗈𝖿 𝟣𝟣𝟦,𝟦𝟧𝟩 𝗉𝖾𝗈𝗉𝗅𝖾. 𝖳𝗁𝖾 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗐𝖺𝗌 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗆𝖺𝗅𝗅𝗒 𝗈𝗋𝗀𝖺𝗇𝗂𝗓𝖾𝖽 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗎𝗀𝗎𝗋𝖺𝗍𝖾𝖽 𝖺𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗍𝗁𝗂𝗋𝖽 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗈𝖿 𝖡𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗅 𝗈𝗇 𝖲𝖾𝗉𝗍𝖾𝗆𝖻𝖾𝗋 𝟥, 𝟣𝟫𝟨𝟪, 𝖻𝗒 𝖯𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝖯𝗋𝗈𝖼𝗅𝖺𝗆𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗈𝖿𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗍𝖾𝖽 𝖻𝗒 𝖯𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗇𝗍 𝖥𝖾𝗋𝖽𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖬𝖺𝗋𝖼𝗈𝗌. 𝖲𝗂𝗇𝖼𝖾 𝗍𝗁𝖾𝗇, 𝖨𝗋𝗂𝗀𝖺 𝖢𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗁𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾𝗏𝖾𝗅𝗈𝗉𝖾𝖽 𝗍𝗋𝖾𝗆𝖾𝗇𝖽𝗈𝗎𝗌𝗅𝗒 𝗆𝖺𝗄𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝗂𝗍 𝗇𝗈𝗍 𝗈𝗇𝗅𝗒 𝖺𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗆𝖾𝗋𝖼𝖾 𝗂𝗇 𝖱𝗂𝗇𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝖺𝗋𝖾𝖺 𝖻𝗎𝗍 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗐𝗁𝗈𝗅𝖾 𝖡𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗅 𝖱𝖾𝗀𝗂𝗈𝗇 𝖺𝗌 𝗐𝖾𝗅𝗅, 𝖺𝗌 𝗂𝗍 𝗂𝗌 𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗍𝖾𝗀𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗅𝗅𝗒 𝗅𝗈𝖼𝖺𝗍𝖾𝖽 𝗂𝗇 𝖻𝖾𝗍𝗐𝖾𝖾𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗂𝖾𝗌 𝗈𝖿 𝖭𝖺𝗀𝖺 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖫𝖾𝗀𝖺𝗓𝗉𝗂.

𝟲. 𝗧𝗮𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗼 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗔𝗹𝗯𝗮𝘆 - 𝟭𝟭𝟳.𝟰𝟱 𝗸𝗺²
𝖳𝖺𝖻𝖺𝖼𝗈, 𝗈𝖿𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅𝗅𝗒 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖢𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗈𝖿 𝖳𝖺𝖻𝖺𝖼𝗈, 𝗂𝗌 𝖺 𝟦𝗍𝗁 𝖼𝗅𝖺𝗌𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗇𝖾𝗇𝗍 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝗇𝖼𝖾 𝗈𝖿 𝖠𝗅𝖻𝖺𝗒, 𝖯𝗁𝗂𝗅𝗂𝗉𝗉𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗌. 𝖠𝖼𝖼𝗈𝗋𝖽𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝗍𝗈 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝟤𝟢𝟤𝟢 𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗌𝗎𝗌, 𝗂𝗍 𝗁𝖺𝗌 𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗉𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇 𝗈𝖿 𝟣𝟦𝟢,𝟫𝟨𝟣 𝗉𝖾𝗈𝗉𝗅𝖾. 𝖠𝖼𝖼𝗈𝗋𝖽𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝗍𝗈 𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗏𝖾 𝗌𝗍𝗈𝗋𝗂𝖾𝗌, 𝗍𝗁𝖾 "𝖫𝖾𝗀𝖾𝗇𝖽 𝗈𝖿 𝖳𝖺𝖻𝖺𝖼𝗈" 𝗐𝖺𝗌 𝖺𝖻𝗈𝗎𝗍 𝖺 𝗅𝗈𝗌𝗍 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗂𝗀𝗇𝖾𝗋 𝗐𝗁𝗈 𝖺𝗌𝗄𝖾𝖽 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗅𝗈𝖼𝖺𝗅𝗌 𝗐𝗁𝖺𝗍 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗇𝖺𝗆𝖾 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗉𝗅𝖺𝖼𝖾 𝗂𝗌. 𝖧𝗈𝗐𝖾𝗏𝖾𝗋 𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖿𝗎𝗌𝖾𝖽 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖿𝗋𝗂𝗀𝗁𝗍𝖾𝗇𝖾𝖽 𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗏𝖾 𝗐𝗁𝗈𝗆 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗅𝗈𝗌𝗍 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗂𝗀𝗇𝖾𝗋 𝖺𝗌𝗄𝖾𝖽 𝖽𝗂𝖽𝗇'𝗍 𝗎𝗇𝖽𝖾𝗋𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗐𝗁𝖺𝗍 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗅𝗈𝗌𝗍 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗂𝗀𝗇𝖾𝗋 𝗐𝖺𝗌 𝖺𝗌𝗄𝗂𝗇𝗀. 𝖳𝗁𝖾 𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗏𝖾 𝗌𝖼𝗋𝖾𝖺𝗆𝖾𝖽 "𝖳𝖺𝖻𝖺𝗄 𝗄𝗈!" 𝗆𝖾𝖺𝗇𝗂𝗇𝗀 "𝖬𝗒 𝖻𝗈𝗅𝗈" 𝗂𝗇𝗌𝗂𝗇𝗎𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝖺 𝗉𝖾𝗋𝗌𝗈𝗇 𝗍𝗈 𝗀𝖾𝗍 𝗁𝗂𝗌 𝗍𝖺𝖻𝖺𝗄 (𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗎𝗆𝖺𝖻𝗅𝗒 𝖿𝗈𝗋 𝖽𝖾𝖿𝖾𝗇𝗌𝖾). 𝖳𝗁𝖾 𝗅𝗈𝗌𝗍 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗂𝗀𝗇𝖾𝗋 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗎𝗆𝖾𝖽 𝗍𝗁𝖺𝗍 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗏𝖾 𝗎𝗇𝖽𝖾𝗋𝗌𝗍𝗈𝗈𝖽 𝗐𝗁𝖺𝗍 𝗁𝖾 𝖺𝗌𝗄𝖾𝖽, 𝗍𝗁𝖾𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝗈𝗎𝗀𝗁𝗍 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗇𝖺𝗆𝖾 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗉𝗅𝖺𝖼𝖾 𝗂𝗌 𝖳𝖺𝖻𝖺𝖼𝗈.
𝖳𝖺𝖻𝖺𝖼𝗈 𝗂𝗌 𝗀𝗋𝗈𝗐𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗁𝖺𝗌 𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗆𝖾𝗋𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍 𝖺𝗋𝖾𝖺. 𝖳𝗁𝖾 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗁𝖺𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗌𝗈𝗅𝖾 𝖨𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅 𝖲𝖾𝖺𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍 𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗀𝗂𝗈𝗇.

𝟳. 𝗡𝗮𝗴𝗮 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗖𝗮𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗦𝘂𝗿 - 𝟴𝟰.𝟰𝟴 𝗸𝗺²
𝖭𝖺𝗀𝖺 𝗂𝗌 𝗄𝗇𝗈𝗐𝗇 𝖺𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 "𝖰𝗎𝖾𝖾𝗇 𝖢𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝗈𝖿 𝖡𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗅" 𝖽𝗎𝖾 𝗍𝗈 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗁𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗈𝗋𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗅 𝗌𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗇𝖼𝖾 𝗈𝖿 𝖭𝖺𝗀𝖺 𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖡𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗅 𝖱𝖾𝗀𝗂𝗈𝗇; 𝖺𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 "𝖧𝖾𝖺𝗋𝗍 𝗈𝖿 𝖡𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗅", 𝖽𝗎𝖾 𝗍𝗈 𝗂𝗍𝗌 𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗅 𝗅𝗈𝖼𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇 𝗈𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖡𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗅 𝖯𝖾𝗇𝗂𝗇𝗌𝗎𝗅𝖺; 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖺𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 "𝖯𝗂𝗅𝗀𝗋𝗂𝗆 𝖢𝗂𝗍𝗒," 𝖺𝗌 𝖭𝖺𝗀𝖺 𝗂𝗌 𝖺𝗅𝗌𝗈 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇 𝗈𝖿 𝗈𝗇𝖾 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗅𝖺𝗋𝗀𝖾𝗌𝗍 𝖬𝖺𝗋𝗂𝖺𝗇 𝗉𝗂𝗅𝗀𝗋𝗂𝗆𝖺𝗀𝖾𝗌 𝗂𝗇 𝖠𝗌𝗂𝖺 𝗍𝗈 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗌𝗁𝗋𝗂𝗇𝖾 𝗈𝖿 𝖮𝗎𝗋 𝖫𝖺𝖽𝗒 𝗈𝖿 𝖯𝖾ñ𝖺𝖿𝗋𝖺𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺, 𝖺𝗇 𝗂𝗆𝖺𝗀𝖾 𝗍𝗁𝖺𝗍 𝗂𝗌 𝗈𝗇𝖾 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗎𝗇𝗍𝗋𝗒'𝗌 𝗆𝗈𝗌𝗍 𝗉𝗈𝗉𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗋 𝗈𝖻𝗃𝖾𝖼𝗍𝗌 𝗈𝖿 𝖽𝖾𝗏𝗈𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇. 𝖭𝖺𝗀𝖺 𝗂𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖡𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗅 𝖱𝖾𝗀𝗂𝗈𝗇'𝗌 𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝗈𝖿 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗆𝖾𝗋𝖼𝖾 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗎𝗌𝗍𝗋𝗒. 𝖲𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗍𝖾𝗀𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗅𝗅𝗒 𝗅𝗈𝖼𝖺𝗍𝖾𝖽 𝖺𝗍 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗁𝖾𝖺𝗋𝗍 𝗈𝖿 𝖡𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗅, 𝖭𝖺𝗀𝖺 𝗂𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝗂𝗇 𝖡𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗅 𝖿𝗈𝗋 𝗀𝗈𝗈𝖽𝗌 𝖿𝗋𝗈𝗆 𝖵𝗂𝗌𝖺𝗒𝖺𝗌 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝖬𝖺𝗇𝗂𝗅𝖺. 𝖭𝖺𝗀𝖺 𝗂𝗌 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝖾𝖽 𝖺𝗌 𝗈𝗇𝖾 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗁𝖾 "𝖬𝗈𝗌𝗍 𝖡𝗎𝗌𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗌𝗌-𝖥𝗋𝗂𝖾𝗇𝖽𝗅𝗒 𝖢𝗂𝗍𝗂𝖾𝗌 𝗂𝗇 𝖠𝗌𝗂𝖺", 𝗂𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗋𝖾𝖽 𝗍𝗈 𝖻𝖾 𝗈𝗇𝖾 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖯𝗁𝗂𝗅𝗂𝗉𝗉𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗌'𝗌 𝖳𝗈𝗉-𝟣𝟢 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗂𝖾𝗌, 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗂𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖭𝗈. 𝟣 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝖾𝗍𝗂𝗍𝗂𝗏𝖾 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝖾𝗉𝖾𝗇𝖽𝖾𝗇𝗍 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗇𝖾𝗇𝗍 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 (𝟤𝟢𝟤𝟤) 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖯𝗁𝗂𝗅𝗂𝗉𝗉𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗌. 𝖲𝗈𝗆𝖾 𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖾𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗇𝖾𝗎𝗋𝗌 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝖾𝖽 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗒 𝖺𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗆𝗈𝗌𝗍 𝖻𝗎𝗌𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗌𝗌-𝖿𝗋𝗂𝖾𝗇𝖽𝗅𝗒 𝗂𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗀𝗂𝗈𝗇.



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Source: Wikipedia.com

18/01/2024