22/08/2023
--✅ (direct and indirect) contact precautions
👉 direct contact transmission: microorganisms are transferred from one infected person to another person without a contaminated intermediate object or person
👉indirect contact transmission: transfer of an infectious agent through a contaminated intermediate object or person (especially contaminated hands of health care workers)
• gown and gloves are required for all contact
• contact transmission, e.g., VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus); Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff.) infection, excessive wound drainage; f***l incontinence
-✅droplet precautions -
• transmission involves contact of the conjunctivae or the mucous membranes of the nose or mouth of a susceptible person with large particle droplets containing microorganisms generated from someone who either exhibits a disease or who is a carrier of the microorganism
• when close contact (typically within 3 feet or less) between the source client and a susceptible person is required, the use of a standard surgical mask is required
• group A streptococcus (for the first 24 hours of antimicrobial therapy), adenovirus, rhinovirus, Neisseria meningitis, pertussis, influenza virus
✅airborne precautions -
• used when microorganisms dispersed through the air over long distances remain infective over time and distance
• preventing the spread of airborne pathogens requires special ventilation system and N95 mask or higher
• airborne route include rubeola virus (measles), varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox), Mycobacterium tuberculosis
✅neutropenic precautions -
• used to prevent infection in clients who have neutropenia (low white blood cell counts) or are immunocompromised
• health care workers will wear gowns, masks, gloves when providing care
• strict hand washing
• client is in a private room
• visitors are restricted
• no raw vegetables or fruits
• client should be instructed to bathe daily
