20/02/2026
mag. Aida ŠKORO BABIĆ
Univerza Alma Mater Europaea, Oddelek za arhivske znanosti, Slovenija / Alma Mater Europaea University, Archival Sciences Department, Slovenia
dr. Miroslav NOVAK
Pokrajinski arhiv Maribor, Slovenija, Univerza Alma Mater Europaea, Oddelek za arhivske znanosti, Slovenija / Regional Archives Maribor, Slovenia, Alma Mater Europaea University, Archival Sciences Department, Slovenia
Teorija rabe arhivskega gradiva s posebnim poudarkom na zaščiti občutljivih podatkov
Theory of the use of archival materials with special emphasis on the protection of sensitive data
(Moderna arhivistika 2025, 8(2), str/pp. 73-96)
https://doi.org/10.54356/MA/2025/DGMU8861
Citiranje:
Škoro Babić, A., & Novak, M. (2025). Teorija rabe arhivskega gradiva s posebnim poudarkom na zaščiti občutljivih podatkov. Moderna Arhivistika, 2(8), 73. https://doi.org/10.54356/ma/2025/dgmu8861
Izvleček:
Namen: Arhivska strokovna vprašanja, povezana z varovanjem, ohranjanjem in rabo arhivskega gradiva in s tem povezanih občutljivih podatkov, še posebej osebnih, so tesno povezana z zagotavljanjem dveh osnovnih človekovih pravic: pravice do dostopa in rabe kulturne dediščine ter pravice do zavarovanja osebnosti oz. osebnih podatkov. Pravno ureditev obeh pravic iz naslova javnega arhivskega gradiva zagotavlja Zakon o varstvu arhivskega in dokumentarnega gradiva ter arhivih (ZVDAGA). Pravno ureditev druge pravice, tj. obdelave osebnih podatkov, pa ureja Zakon o varstvu osebnih podatkov (ZVOP-2). Obe pravici sta si v logičnem konfliktu, zato na izvedbeni ravni odpirata številna arhivska strokovna, tehnična, politična in druga vprašanja. Če pa k temu dodamo še relativno omejeno uporabnost arhivskih informativnih pomagal, potem lahko ugotovimo, da je na področju rabe arhivskega gradiva še zelo veliko prostora za izboljšave, ki jih bo treba najprej teoretično utemeljevati in nato praktično implementirati. Namen te raziskave je opozoriti na kompleksnost sodobne rabe arhivskega gradiva ne glede na vzpostavljene komunikacijske kanale, okolja ali zahteve uporabnikov, s tem pa tudi na pomen razvoja in implementacije teorije rabe arhivskega gradiva.
Metoda/pristop: V raziskavi sledimo glavnemu cilju, tj. razvoju teorije rabe arhivskega gradiva. V tem kontekstu želimo opredeliti dejavnike, ki posredno ali neposredno omogočajo rabo arhivskega gradiva skozi sodobne arhivske metapodatkovne sisteme. V raziskavi so predstavljeni še sociološki, politični in drugi vidiki, ki posredno ali neposredno vplivajo na rabo arhivskega gradiva v sodobnem informacijskem okolju. Raziskava je v osnovi temeljila na teoriji podatkov in na osnovnih arhivskih strokovnih načelih dostopnosti, uporabnosti, celovitosti, avtentičnosti in trajnosti ter načel izvora in prvotne ureditve. Izhodiščno metodo raziskave predstavljajo analize dostopnih podatkov Evropskega arhivskega portala. Pri tem je implementirana še opisna metoda, metoda analize vsebin, metoda povzemanja in metoda abstrakcije.
Rezultati: Rezultati izvedene raziskave pa kažejo, da bo treba za uspešno rabo arhivskega gradiva v prihodnosti izboljšati kvaliteto in celovitost njegovih metapodatkovnih struktur To pomeni, da bodo morale biti te skladne s teorijo podatkov, predvsem pa bodo morale biti že ob nastanku celovite in dolgoročno uporabne, ne glede na interese in potrebe uporabnikov. Za doseganje teh ciljev pa si je treba na izvedbenem nivoju prizadevati za racionalno in doslednejšo implementacijo nacionalne in internacionalne zakonodaje ter standardov in smernic. Ob tem bo za razvoj teorije rabe arhivskega gradiva treba upoštevati še človeške in druge dejavnike, med drugim tudi nepristransko podporo umetne inteligence v tem segmentu.
Sklepi/ugotovitve: Z razvojem in implementacijo kompleksnejših metod upravljanja z arhivskim gradivom ter njegovimi meta- in parapodatki, še posebej pa z občutljivimi podatki, lahko z uporabniškega stališča pričakujemo kvalitetnejšo rezultate poizvedb v arhivskih informacijskih sistemih in posledično tudi večjo in bolj osredotočeno rabo arhivskega gradiva. Ker imajo različni uporabniki različne raziskovalne interese, ki se skozi čas in prostor dinamično spreminjajo, bo treba teorijo podatkov v arhivih sistematično razvijati in jo implementirati v vsakdanje arhivsko strokovno delo. Na ta način bodo arhivski strokovni delavci lahko vzpostavljali dolgoročno vzdržne arhivske metapodatkovne strukture in ne bo potrebe po periodičnem dinamično prilagajanju metapodatkovnih struktur zahtevam uporabnikov.
Ključne besede:
arhivski podatki, občutljivi podatki, metapodatki, parapodatki, osebni podatki, teorija podatkov, podatkovna baza, dostopnost arhivskih zapisov, zakonodaja, ZVDAGA, ZVOP-2, GDPR
Abstract:
Theory of the use of archival materials with special emphasis on the protection of sensitive data
Purpose: Archival professional issues related to the protection, preservation and use of archival materials and related sensitive data, especially personal data, are closely linked to the provision of two basic human rights, the right to access and use of cultural heritage and the right to protect personality, or personal data. The legal regulation of both rights under public archival materials is provided by the Act on the Protection of Archival and Documentary Materials and Archives (ZVDAGA). The legal regulation of the second right, i.e. the processing of personal data, is regulated by the Act on the Protection of Personal Data (ZVOP2). Both rights are in logical conflict, which is why they open up numerous archival professional, technical, political and other issues at the implementation level. However, if we add to this the relatively limited usefulness of archival information aids, then we can conclude that there is still a lot of room for improvement in the area of the use of archival materials, which will first need to be theoretically substantiated and then practically implemented. The purpose of this research is to draw attention to the complexity of the contemporary use of archival materials, regardless of established communication channels, environments, or user requirements, and thus also to the importance of developing and implementing a theory of the use of archival materials.
Method / approach: In the research, we follow the main goal, which is the development of the theory of the use of archival materials. In this context, we want to define the factors that directly or indirectly enable the use of archival materials through modern archival metadata systems. The research also presents sociological, political and other aspects that directly or indirectly influence the use of archival materials in the modern information environment. The research is fundamentally based on data theory and on the basic archival professional principles of accessibility, usability, integrity, authenticity and durability, as well as the principles of provenance and original arrangement. The starting method of the research is the analysis of accessible data from the European Archives Portal. In this, the descriptive method, the content analysis method, the summary method and the abstraction method are implemented.
Results: The results of the research show that for the successful use of archival materials in the future, it will be necessary to improve the quality and integrity of their metadata structures. This means that they will have to be consistent with data theory, and above all, that they will have to be comprehensive and usable in the long term, regardless of the interests and needs of users, from the moment they are created. To achieve these goals, efforts must be made at the implementation level for a rational and more consistent implementation of national and international legislation, standards and guidelines. In addition, human and other factors will need to be taken into account for the development of the theory of use of archival materials, including the impartial support of artificial intelligence in this segment.
Conclusions / Findings: By developing and implementing more complex methods of managing archival material and its meta and paradata, especially sensitive data, we can expect, from a user perspective, better quality query results in archival information systems and, consequently, a more extensive and focused use of archival material. Since different users have different research interests that change dynamically over time and space, the theory of data in archives will need to be systematically developed and implemented in everyday archival professional work. In this way, archival professionals will be able to establish long-term sustainable archival metadata structures and there will be no need for periodic dynamic adaptation of metadata structures to user requirements.
Key words:
archival data, sensitive data, metadata, para data, personal data, data theory, database, accessibility of archival records, legislation, ZVDAGA, ZVOP-2, GDPR
