10/12/2025
*CARD NETWORK* — “Mfumo wa Ulimwengu wa Kusimamia Malipo ya Kadi”
Card Network _ni kampuni ya kimataifa inayounganisha:_
*Benki inayotoa kadi (issuer)*
*Benki inayopokea malipo (acquirer)*
*Merchant k**a Alibaba*
*Mtumiaji wa kadi (mteja)*
_Card Network hutengeneza miundombinu, sheria, usalama na njia za kusafirisha taarifa za malipo duniani._
*Card Networks Zinazojulikana* :
Visa
Mastercard
American Express
UnionPay
Discover
*Majukumu ya Card Network:*
1. Kuunganisha benki ya mteja na benki ya merchant
2. Kusafirisha transaction data kiusalama (Authorization, Clearing, Settlement)
3. Kukokotoa ada na viwango vya kubadilisha fedha (FX rates)
4. Kuamua ada za kimataifa (Cross-border, Scheme fees, Assessment fees)
5. Kuhakikisha malipo yameidhinishwa kihalali
6. Kutengeneza standards k**a PCI-DSS, EMV chip rules, tokenization, 3D-Secure
Kwa kifupi:
Card Network = “ *Barabara kuu ya kimataifa” ambapo malipo yote ya kadi yanapita* .
___________________________________________________________________________
*CROSS-BORDER TRANSACTION FEE*
Hii ni ada inayotozwa na card network kwa malipo yanayovuka nchi.
By Definition:
A _fee charged by the card network when the merchant’s country and the card issuer’s country are different_ .
*Yaani* :
Mteja wako yuko Tanzania
*Alibaba yuko China*
➡️ Hapo card network anasema hii ni cross-border transaction, hivyo anakutoza ada.
Kwanini wanatoza hii ada?
Kwa sababu transaction ya kuvuka mipaka inahitaji:
Authentication ya nchi tofauti
Risk analysis kubwa
Kiwango tofauti cha compliance
Routing ya data ya kimataifa
*Range ya Ada:*
Visa: 1.0% – 1.15%
Mastercard: 1.0% – 1.4%
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*ASSESSMENT FEE*
Hii ni ada ya msingi ya operesheni ambayo card network anatoza kwa kila transaction — ya ndani au ya nje.
By Definition :
> A _baseline fee charged by the card network to maintain the global payment infrastructure and allow the transaction to be processed_ .
Assessment fee ni k**a “ *membership fee ya kutumia mtandao wa card network” katika kila malipo* .
Inalipiwa kwa nini?
Kutunza systems za global authorization
Uendeshaji wa network
Security (tokenization, fraud detection, encryption)
Research & development
Regulatory compliance
*Range ya Ada* :
Visa: 0.13% – 0.15% ya transaction
Mastercard: 0.1275% – 0.15%
*Hii ada ipo hata k**a unalipia ndani ya nchi* .
___________________________________________________________________________
*SCHEME FEE*
Hii ni ada inayotozwa na card network kulingana na aina ya transaction, risk level, channel, na region.
Ni advanced fee ambayo wachache wanajua.
By Definition
> A _fee charged by the card scheme (Visa/Mastercard) for specific operational, regional, or technical aspects of processing a transaction._
*Scheme fee haiko fixed; ina categories nyingi* :
Aina za Scheme Fees:
1. Acquirer scheme fee
2. Issuer scheme fee
3. Cross-border scheme fee
4. Digital/online scheme fee
5. Chip transaction scheme fee
6. E-commerce security scheme fee (3D-Secure, tokenization)
7. Risk-based scheme fees
Kwanini ipo? ( Unaweza Kuuliza...!)
Kwa sababu card networks hutumia gharama kubwa kufanya:
Fraud risk analysis
Regional regulation compliance
Routing optimization
Network bandwidth and load management
Product innovation (e.g., contactless, virtual cards)
Range:
*0.01% – 1.00% (inategemea aina ya transaction)*
Prepared BySirLuquman
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