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March 5, virgina, Arlington, VA (2025)

11/05/2025

This diagram illustrates the wiring setup for a 220V motor with both forward and reverse switch control. The motor is connected to a set of capacitors—one for running and one for starting. The forward and reverse directions are controlled by a switch that toggles between the connections marked L1, L2, and L3 for power supply and T1, T2, T3 for the motor windings. The wiring also includes capacitors that help manage the motor's start-up and running efficiency, ensuring smooth operation. The motor is wired to a set of terminals (U1, U2, Z1, Z2, V1, V2) that control the directional flow of electricity to reverse the motor's rotation, allowing for bidirectional movement. This setup is typical for motors requiring variable direction control, commonly used in various industrial and mechanical applications.

11/05/2025

provides a detailed pinout analysis of the USB 3.0 Type-A and Type-B connectors, presented in Russian. It visually breaks down the connector anatomy, showing the standard USB 2.0 pins (VCC, D-, D+, GND) at the front and the additional five pins required for SuperSpeed operation (SSTX-, SSTX+, GND_DRAIN, SSRX-, SSRX+) located deeper within the connector. The infographic clearly labels each pin on both male plugs and female receptacles, ensuring accurate identification for engineers and technicians. A detailed table at the bottom correlates each of the nine pins by number and signal name to its corresponding standard wire color and provides a Russian description of its function, such as "+5V," "Data -," "Data +," "Ground," "USB3 Transmit," and "USB3 Receive," in addition to identifying the cable shield.

11/05/2025

a well-organized solar power system setup, likely for a mobile or off-grid application such as a van or RV. The system features essential components like the battery bank, charge controllers, and an inverter. The two Orion Smart 12V chargers manage the DC charging from the solar panels to the battery, ensuring efficient and safe energy storage. The inverter, placed on the right, converts the stored DC power into AC for use with household appliances. The fuse box and circuit breakers ensure safe operation by protecting the system from overloads and short circuits. Additionally, the battery monitoring system helps track the status of the lead-acid battery, ensuring optimal performance. The entire setup is mounted on a wooden panel for easy access and maintenance, providing a compact and efficient power solution for off-grid living.

11/05/2025

a schematic and detailed view of a 2000W dimmer control circuit for adjusting the voltage and power flow to devices such as lamps or motors. The circuit diagram includes a potentiometer (variable resistor) for adjusting the resistance, which controls the output voltage to the connected load. The image shows the physical implementation of the circuit with components mounted on a green PCB board, including a heat sink for dissipating excess heat from the power components. The inputs and outputs are clearly marked, with blue and red wires for power connections to the device and load. This setup is ideal for controlling the brightness of lights or the speed of motors, providing an effective way to manage power use in various electrical systems.

11/04/2025

the schematic and physical layout of a non-isolated, transformerless LED driver circuit, commonly referred to as a capacitive dropper. The circuit converts high-voltage AC input into a low-voltage DC output by first using a fusible resistor for inrush current limiting and a series film capacitor to provide a reactive impedance that limits the main current without significant heat dissipation. This current-limited AC is then rectified into pulsating DC by a full-wave bridge rectifier, and subsequently smoothed by an electrolytic capacitor to provide a more stable DC voltage. The final output powers a metal-core PCB (MCPCB) with multiple LEDs, while the diagram suggests that a series current-limiting resistor's value can be changed to accommodate LED arrays of different power ratings. Critically, this design lacks galvanic isolation, meaning the entire circuit, including the LED board, is at live mains potential and presents a serious risk of electric shock.

11/04/2025

This schematic illustrates a non-isolated, transformerless power supply, commonly known as a capacitive dropper circuit, designed to convert high-voltage AC to low-voltage DC. The circuit functions by first limiting the input AC current using a series non-polarized film capacitor (marked 824J, which is 0.82µF) with a parallel bleeder resistor for safety discharge. This current-limited AC is then rectified to pulsating DC by a full-wave diode bridge. An electrolytic capacitor provides smoothing to reduce ripple, and a final series power resistor further limits the current and drops the voltage for the DC output. It is crucial to note that this is a highly unregulated supply whose output voltage will vary significantly with the load current, and most importantly, it lacks galvanic isolation, meaning the entire output circuit is at mains potential and poses a severe electric shock hazard.

11/04/2025

This diagram shows a solar power system integrated into a home, with solar panels installed on the roof. The system includes an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) controller, which optimizes the power output from the solar panels by adjusting the electrical operating point. The controller connects to an inverter that converts the DC electricity from the panels into AC power, which is then used to power household appliances like the refrigerator, washing machine, and air conditioner. The setup also includes a battery storage system to store excess energy generated during the day for use at night or on cloudy days. The wiring is clearly labeled, showing the flow of power from the solar panels to the inverter and into the home’s electrical system. This design offers a reliable, eco-friendly solution for powering household devices using renewable energy.

11/03/2025

This diagram illustrates the electrical connections for a solar power system, focusing on the integration of the charge controller, inverter, and batteries. The solar array is connected to the charge controller via positive and negative wires, with a ground wire for safety. The charge controller manages the energy coming from the solar panels and directs it to the battery bank, with breakers and disconnect switches in place for protection. The system also features a shunt for monitoring current flow to and from the batteries. Additionally, the inverter connects to the battery terminals, allowing DC power from the battery bank to be converted to AC power for use. Communication between components is facilitated via a CAT5e cable to an Outback Hub, enabling remote monitoring and control of the system. This setup ensures a safe, efficient, and controllable solar power system.

11/02/2025

a collection of components commonly used in a small solar-powered project. At the center is a solar panel, which captures sunlight and converts it into electrical energy. The circuit includes a battery (an ICR 18650 2200mAh 3.7V) for storing the energy, a charging module for managing battery charging, and a PNP transistor (BC557) for regulating current. There are also two LEDs for indicating the operational status, a resistor for controlling current flow, and connectors for attaching the components to a circuit. This setup is ideal for creating simple, low-power solar devices, offering a compact and efficient solution for small-scale renewable energy projects.

11/02/2025

This circuit diagram illustrates an automatic cut-off battery charger, designed to stop charging once the battery reaches full capacity. It uses a 12V relay to control the charging process, with a BC547 transistor for switching. The circuit features two LEDs: one indicating charging and the other showing when the battery is full. A 6A diode ensures proper current flow, and a 4007N IC is used for handling the signal processing. The 12V DC input powers the system, while the 15K and 10K trimpots allow for adjustment of charging parameters. Once the battery reaches the desired voltage, the relay disconnects the charger to prevent overcharging. This setup is useful for safely managing the charging process of lithium-ion or similar 12V batteries.

11/02/2025

the setup of a dual inverter and charger system, specifically using Victron Energy's Quattro units, for managing a battery bank. The two Quattro devices are connected to the battery bank, each equipped with a multimeter for measuring voltage (V) and current (A). The inverters charge the battery bank and also supply power when necessary. The current flow and voltage are being monitored with the multimeters, which are connected to the system's positive and negative terminals. This setup is commonly used in off-grid energy systems or applications requiring reliable power conversion and storage, with each unit working in parallel to ensure efficiency and redundancy.

11/02/2025

a printed circuit board (PCB) along with a schematic diagram for a circuit that controls a 6V relay. The main components include a TSOP4836 infrared receiver, a CD4017 decade counter IC, and associated resistors and capacitors for signal conditioning. The relay is activated by the output from the CD4017 IC, which is driven by an infrared signal received from the TSOP4836 sensor. The circuit uses two LEDs, one red and one green, to indicate the status of the relay. The system is powered by a 5V source and uses a 6V relay for switching. This circuit could be used in applications like remote control systems, where the infrared sensor receives a signal to trigger the relay, which then controls an external device.

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