EPIDEMIOLOGY publishes original research from all fields of epidemiology. The journal also welcomes review articles and meta-analyses, novel hypotheses, descriptions and applications of new methods, and discussions of research theory or public health policy. We give special consideration to papers from developing countries.
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Estrogen Plus Progestin Hormone Therapy and Ovarian Cancer: A Complicated Relationship Explored
from
–progestin combined therapy on risk of ovarian cancer is less clear. Methods: We pooled primary data from five population-based case–control studies in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium, including 1509 postmenopausal ovarian cancer cases and 2295 postmenopausal controls. Information on p...
Maternal Thyroid Disorders and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Progeny
from Rotem, Ran S.; Chodick, Gabriel; Shalev, Varda; Davidovitch, Michael; Koren, Gideon; Hauser, Russ; Coull, Brent A.; Seely, Ellen W.; Nguyen, Vy T.; Weisskopf, Marc G.
trials of thyroid treatment during pregnancy reported null effects. To better understand these discrepant findings, we evaluated the association between maternal thyroid conditions and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including examining the role of gestational thyroid-related hormone concentrations....
Accuracy of Blood Transfusion Records in a Population-based Perinatal Data Registry
from Hutcheon, Jennifer A.; Chapinal, Nuria; Skoll, M. Amanda; Au, Nicholas; Lee, Lily
l Transfusion Registry for 2004–2015 deliveries. Using the Central Transfusion Registry records for red blood cell transfusion as the gold standard, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the perinatal database variable for red blood...
Integrating Surveillance Data to Estimate Race/Ethnicity-specific Hysterectomy Inequalities Among Reproductive-aged Women: Who’s at Risk?
from Gartner, Danielle R.; Delamater, Paul L.; Hummer, Robert A.; Lund, Jennifer L.; Pence, Brian W.; Robinson, Whitney R.
nce that address three challenges in the literature: exclusion of outpatient procedures, no hysterectomy prevalence adjustment, and paucity of non-White and non-Black estimates. Methods: We used surveillance data capturing all inpatient and outpatient hysterectomy procedures performed in North Carol...
Rural–Urban Differences in Adult Life Expectancy in Indonesia: A Parametric g-formula–based Decomposition Approach
from Sudharsanan, Nikkil; Ho, Jessica Y.
ata come from the 2000, 2007, and 2014/2015 waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey, a population-representative longitudinal study with mortality follow-up. We used Poisson regression and life tables to estimate rural–urban differences in life expectancy among 18,867 adult respondents ≥30 ye...
A Graphical Catalog of Threats to Validity: Linking Social Science with Epidemiology
from Matthay, Ellicott C.; Glymour, M. Maria
lenging, but these skills are often glossed over in training. Campbell and Stanley’s framework for causal inference has been extraordinarily influential in social science training programs but has received less attention in epidemiology. Their work, along with subsequent revisions and enhancements...
A Graphical Description of Partial Exchangeability
from Sarvet, Aaron L.; Wanis, Kerollos Nashat; Stensrud, Mats J.; Hernán, Miguel A.
s) in depicting partial exchangeability and provide an illustrative example of when partial exchangeability might hold in the absence of complete exchangeability....
Effect Decomposition in the Presence of Treatment-induced Confounding: A Regression-with-residuals Approach
from Wodtke, Geoffrey T.; Zhou, Xiang
ntified. An alternative but similar set of effects, known as randomized intervention analogues to the natural direct effect (rNDE) and the natural indirect effect (rNIE), can still be identified in this situation, but existing estimators for these effects require a complicated weighting procedure th...
Aim for Clinical Utility, Not Just Predictive Accuracy
from Sachs, Michael C.; Sjölander, Arvid; Gabriel, Erin E.
e of actions in the clinical context, a formal decision rule based on the prediction has the potential to have a much broader impact. The use of a prediction-based decision rule should be formalized and preferably compared with the standard of care in a randomized trial to assess its clinical utilit...
Robust Metrics and Sensitivity Analyses for Meta-analyses of Heterogeneous Effects
from Mathur, Maya B.; VanderWeele, Tyler J.
ion of true population effect sizes above this threshold. Second, we suggested reporting the proportion of effect sizes below a second, possibly symmetric, threshold in the opposite direction from the estimated mean. Our previous methods applied when the true population effects are approximately nor...
Importance of Homogeneous Effect Modification for Causal Interpretation of Meta-analyses
from Steele, Russell J.; Schnitzer, Mireille E.; Shrier, Ian
An abstract is unavailable.
Toward Causally Interpretable Meta-analysis: Transporting Inferences from Multiple Randomized Trials to a New Target Population
from Dahabreh, Issa J.; Petito, Lucia C.; Robertson, Sarah E.; Hernán, Miguel A.; Steingrimsson, Jon A.
the target population and provide identification results. We show that the assumptions that allow inferences to be transported from all trials in the collection to the same target population have implications for the law underlying the observed data. We propose average treatment effect estimators th...
Toward Credible Patient-centered Meta-analysis
from Manski, Charles F.
a mean parameter across a hypothetical population of studies. The relevance of this methodology to patient care is not evident. Clinicians need to assess risks and choose treatments for populations of patients, not for populations of studies. This article draws on econometric research on partial ide...
Tracing the Origin of Food-borne Disease Outbreaks: A Network Model Approach
from Jacobs, Rianne; Teunis, Peter; van de Kassteele, Jan
caused the outbreak. Methods: The network model we use replaces the classic geographic distance of a network by an effective distance so that two nodes connected by a long-range link may be more strongly connected than their geographic distance would suggest. Furthermore, the effective distance tran...
Community-wide Mortality Rates in Beijing, China, During the July 2012 Flood Compared with Unexposed Periods
from Yan, Meilin; Wilson, Ander; Peel, Jennifer L.; Magzamen, Sheryl; Sun, Qinghua; Li, Tiantian; Anderson, G. Brooke
of deaths from natural causes triggered by disaster exposure. Here, we investigated community-wide mortality risk during this flood compared with rates in unexposed reference periods. Methods: We compared community-wide mortality rates on the peak flood day and the four following days to seasonally....
Thanks to Our Reviewers
from
An abstract is unavailable.
Do election laws restricting public road publicity reduce road traffic crashes and their consequences?
from Nazif-Munoz, Jose Ignacio; Cuadrado, Cristóbal; Oulhote, Youssef; Spengler, John
ity must follow strict size standards to avoid visual contamination. This paper examines the impact of this regulation in reducing road traffic crashes. Methods: We obtained number of traffic injuries and fatalities per population from public records. A time-series difference-in-difference study, us...
Do temporal trends in cancer incidence reveal organ system connections for cancer etiology?
from Yang, Wan; Terry, Mary Beth
s. Results: Temporal trends mapped to three major clusters in men involving six organ systems (digestive, endocrine, urinary, blood, respiratory, and male genital) and one cluster in women involving five systems (digestive, endocrine, urinary, and female genital). For both men and women, kidney, thy...
Residential proximity to intensive animal agriculture and risk of lymphohematopoietic cancers in the Agricultural Health Study
from Fisher, Jared A.; Freeman, Laura E. Beane; Hofmann, Jonathan N.; Blair, Aaron; Parks, Christine G.; Thorne, Peter S.; Ward, Mary H.; Jones, Rena R.
ural Health Study to permitted animal feeding operations in Iowa. We created metrics reflecting the intensity of animal exposures within 2 and 5km of participants’ residences, enumerating both total and inverse distance-weighted animal units (AUs), standardized by animal size and manure production...
Assessment of the Accuracy of Identification of Selected Disabilities and Conditions in Hospital Discharge Data for Pregnant Women
from Schwartz, Naomi R.M.; Crane, Deborah A.; Doody, David R.; Schiff, Melissa A.; Mueller, Beth A.
sessed the accuracy of International Classification of Diseases version 9 (ICD9) codes for identifying selected physical, sensory, and intellectual conditions that may result in disability. As ICD9 codes were utilized until recently in most states, this information is useful to inform analyses with....
The role of blood cell composition in epidemiologic studies of telomeres
from Kresovich, Jacob K.; Parks, Christine G.; Sandler, Dale P.; Weinberg, Clarice R.; Taylor, Jack A.
An abstract is unavailable. This article is available as a PDF only.
Importance of Homogeneous Effect Modification for Causal Interpretation of Meta-analyses
from Steele, Russell J.; Schnitzer, Mireille E.; Shrier, Ian
An abstract is unavailable. This article is available as a PDF only.
Toward Causally Interpretable Meta-analysis: Transporting Inferences from Multiple Randomized Trials to a New Target Population
from Dahabreh, Issa J.; Petito, Lucia C.; Robertson, Sarah E.; Hernán, Miguel A.; Steingrimsson, Jon A.
the target population and provide identification results. We show that assuming inferences are transportable from all trials in the collection to the same target population has implications for the law underlying the observed data. We propose average treatment effect estimators that rely on differen...
Robust Metrics and Sensitivity Analyses for Meta-analyses of Heterogeneous Effects
from Mathur, Maya B.; VanderWeele, Tyler J.
ion of true effect sizes above this threshold. Second, we suggested reporting the proportion of effect sizes below a second, possibly symmetric, threshold in the opposite direction from the estimated mean. Our previous methods applied when the true effects are approximately normal, when the number o...
Aim for Clinical Utility, Not Just Predictive Accuracy
from Sachs, Michael C.; Sjölander, Arvid; Gabriel, Erin E.
e of actions in the clinical context, a formal decision rule based on the prediction has the potential to have a much broader impact. The use of a prediction-based decision rule should be formalized and preferably compared with the standard of care in a randomized trial to assess its clinical utilit...
Cosmetic tattooing and early onset basal cell carcinoma: a population-based case–control study from New Hampshire
from Barton, Dorothea Torti; Zens, Michael S.; Marmarelis, Eleni L.; Gilbert-Diamond, Diane; Karagas, Margaret R.
tudy of cases (ages 25-50 years), identified from a state-wide surveillance system, and age- and gender-matched controls, selected from driver’s license records, randomly assigned an anatomic site of the cases. Results: 156 cases (17%) with early onset basal cell carcinoma and 213 controls (26%) r...
TOWARDS CREDIBLE PATIENT-CENTERED META-ANALYSIS
from Manski, Charles F.
a mean parameter across a hypothetical population of studies. The relevance of this methodology to patient care is not evident. Clinicians need to assess risks and choose treatments for populations of patients, not for populations of studies. This paper draws on econometric research on partial ident...
Community-wide mortality rates in Beijing, China, during the July 2012 flood compared to unexposed periods
from Yan, Meilin; Wilson, Ander; Peel, Jennifer L.; Magzamen, Sheryl; Sun, Qinghua; Li, Tiantian; Anderson, G. Brooke
r of deaths from natural causes triggered by disaster exposure. Here we investigated community-wide mortality risk during this flood compared to rates in unexposed reference periods. Methods: We compared community-wide mortality rates on the peak flood day and the four following days to seasonally m...
Tracing the Origin of Food-borne Disease Outbreaks: A Network Model Approach
from Jacobs, Rianne; Teunis, Peter; van de Kassteele, Jan
break. The network model we use replaces the classic geographic distance of a network by an effective distance so that two nodes connected by a long-range link may be more strongly connected than their geographic distance would suggest. Furthermore, the effective distance transforms complex spatial....
Estrogen plus progestin hormone therapy and ovarian cancer: a complicated relationship explored
from
–progestin combined therapy on risk of ovarian cancer is less clear. Methods: We pooled primary data from five population-based case–control studies in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium, including 1,509 postmenopausal ovarian cancer cases and 2,295 postmenopausal controls. Information on...
Validation of Questionnaire-based Case Definitions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
from Feinstein, Lydia; Wilkerson, Jesse; Salo, Paivi M; MacNell, Nathaniel; Bridge, Matthew F; Fessler, Michael B; Thorne, Peter S; Mendy, Angelico; Cohn, Richard D; Curry, Matthew D; Zeldin, Darryl C
efinitions that incorporated self-reported physician diagnosis, respiratory symptoms, and/or smoking. We also validated a new definition that we developed empirically using gradient boosting, an ensemble machine learning method. Methods: Data came from 7,996 individuals aged 40-79 years who particip...
An Approximate Expression for the Proportion Explained by Mediation in Survival Analysis
from Sjölander, Arvid
An abstract is unavailable.
Long-term Exposure to Neighborhood Deprivation and Intimate Partner Violence Among Women: A UK Birth Cohort Study
from Yakubovich, Alexa R.; Heron, Jon; Feder, Gene; Fraser, Abigail; Humphreys, David K.
from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in the United Kingdom, which followed our target sample, 7,219 women, from birth and their mothers (from pregnancy). At age 21, 2,128 participants self-reported the frequency of experiencing physical, psychological, or sexual intimate partner....
A Simple, Interpretable Conversion from Pearson’s Correlation to Cohen’s for d Continuous Exposures
from Mathur, Maya B.; VanderWeele, Tyler J.
An abstract is unavailable.
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