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Term Birth Weight and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
from Cortese, Marianna; Moster, Dag; Wilcox, Allen J.
a population-based study of term birth weight and its link to a range of neurodevelopmental outcomes using Norwegian health registries. To remove the influence of preterm birth, we restricted our analyses to 1.8 million singleton babies born during a narrow range of term gestational age (39–41 wee...
Prenatal Exposure to Mixtures of Persistent Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals and Birth Size in a Population-based Cohort of British Girls
from Marks, Kristin J.; Howards, Penelope P.; Smarr, Melissa M.; Flanders, W. Dana; Northstone, Kate; Daniel, Johnni H.; Sjödin, Andreas; Calafat, Antonia M.; Hartman, Terryl J.
ors (perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances [PFAS], polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], and organochlorine pesticides) with birth size among female offspring in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), based in the United Kingdom in 1991–1992. Methods: We quantified conce...
Identified Versus Interesting Causal Effects in Fertility Trials and Other Settings With Competing or Truncation Events
from Young, Jessica G.; Stensrud, Mats J.
An abstract is unavailable.
Accounting for Repeat Pregnancies in Risk Prediction Models
from Grandi, Sonia M.; Filion, Kristian B.; Hutcheon, Jennifer A.; Rosella, Laura C.; Platt, Robert W.
ion between predictors and the outcomes, as well as the influence of ignoring the nonindependence between pregnancies, we created four analytical cohorts using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. The cohorts included (1) first deliveries, (2) a random sample of one delivery per woman, (3) all e...
Social Networks and HIV Care Outcomes in Rural Kenya and Uganda
from Chen, Yiqun T.; Brown, Lillian; Chamie, Gabriel; Kwarisiima, Dalsone; Ayieko, James; Kabami, Jane; Charlebois, Edwin; Clark, Tamara; Kamya, Moses; Havlir, Diane V.; Petersen, Maya L.; Balzer, Laura B.
to know their status, have initiated treatment, and be virally suppressed. Methods: Between 2013 and 2014, 168,720 adult residents in the SEARCH Study were census-enumerated, offered HIV testing, and asked to name social contacts. Social networks were constructed by matching named contacts to other....
Dengue, Severity Paradox, and Socioeconomic Distribution Among Afro-Colombians
from Carabali, Mabel; Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu; Kaufman, Jay S.
ty. This “severity paradox” has been hypothesized as resulting from confounding or heterogeneity by socioeconomic status (SES). However, few systematic analyses have been conducted to investigate the presence and nature of the disparity paradox. Methods: We fit Bayesian hierarchical spatiotempor...
A Trial Emulation Approach for Policy Evaluations with Group-level Longitudinal Data
from Ben-Michael, Eli; Feller, Avi; Stuart, Elizabeth A.
es, leverage repeated measurements, and variation in timing to estimate policy effects, including in the COVID-19 context. Although these methods are less common in epidemiology, epidemiologic researchers are well accustomed to handling similar complexities in studies of individual-level interventio...
Social Distancing and SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Potential Early in the Epidemic in Finland
from Auranen, Kari; Shubin, Mikhail; Karhunen, Markku; Sivelä, Jonas; Leino, Tuija; Nurhonen, Markku
ic in Finland, one month after strong social distancing measures had been introduced nationwide. We defined a contact as exchange of at least a few words in proximity of another person. We also considered physical (“skin-to-skin”) contacts separately. Based on 3,171 reported contacts by 1,320 pa...
Estimating the Cumulative Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Infection Fatality Ratio in Light of Waning Antibodies
from Shioda, Kayoko; Lau, Max S.Y.; Kraay, Alicia N.M.; Nelson, Kristin N.; Siegler, Aaron J.; Sullivan, Patrick S.; Collins, Matthew H.; Weitz, Joshua S.; Lopman, Benjamin A.
ich is not necessarily equivalent to the duration of protective immunity). We estimate the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection from serology studies, accounting for expected levels of antibody acquisition (seroconversion) and waning (seroreversion), and apply this framework using data from....
Theoretical Framework for Retrospective Studies of the Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
from Lewnard, Joseph A.; Patel, Manish M.; Jewell, Nicholas P.; Verani, Jennifer R.; Kobayashi, Miwako; Tenforde, Mark W.; Dean, Natalie E.; Cowling, Benjamin J.; Lopman, Benjamin A.
tegies used to assess vaccine effectiveness, such studies may encounter important threats to validity. Here, we review the theoretical basis for estimation of vaccine direct effects under traditional case-control and test-negative design frameworks, addressing specific natural history parameters of....
A Congener-specific and Mixture Analysis of Plasma Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels and Incident Breast Cancer
from Parada, Humberto Jr; Benmarhnia, Tarik; Engel, Lawrence S.; Sun, Xuezheng; Tse, Chiu-Kit; Hoh, Eunha; Olshan, Andrew F.; Troester, Melissa A.
This study included 845 White and 562 Black women who participated in the population-based, case–control Carolina Breast Cancer Study Phase I. Cases (n = 748) were women with a first diagnosis of histologically confirmed, invasive breast cancer residing in 24 counties in central and eastern North ...
Effects of Hot Nights on Mortality in Southern Europe
from Royé, Dominic; Sera, Francesco; Tobías, Aurelio; Lowe, Rachel; Gasparrini, Antonio; Pascal, Mathilde; de’Donato, Francesca; Nunes, Baltazar; Teixeira, Joao Paulo
t duration and excess to predict daily cause-specific mortality in summer, using multiple cities across Southern Europe. Methods: We fitted time series regression models to summer cause-specific mortality, including natural, respiratory, and cardiovascular causes, in 11 cities across four countries....
A Direct Estimate of the Impact of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 Exposure on Life Expectancy Using Propensity Scores
from Schwartz, Joel D.; Di, Qian; Requia, Weeberb J.; Dominici, Francesca; Zanobetti, Antonella
ipants in Medicare from 2000 to 2016 (637,207,589 person-years of follow-up). We fit separate logistic regressions modeling the probability of death at each year of age from 65 to 98 or older as a function of exposure to particulate matter less tha 2.5 µM in diameter (PM2.5), NO2, and O3, using sep...
Long-term Exposure to PM2.5 and Mortality for the Older Population: Effect Modification by Residential Greenness
from Son, Ji-Young; Sabath, M. Benjamin; Lane, Kevin J.; Miranda, Marie Lynn; Dominici, Francesca; Di, Qian; Schwartz, Joel; Bell, Michelle L.
ne particles (PM2.5) and mortality. Methods: We used data from all Medicare beneficiaries in North Carolina (NC) and Michigan (MI) (2001–2016). We estimated annual PM2.5 averages using ensemble prediction models. We estimated mortality risk per 1 μg/m3 increase using Cox proportional hazards mode...
Issa J. Dahabreh, Winner of the 2021 Rothman Epidemiology Prize
from
An abstract is unavailable.
Greening the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology
from Pascal, Mathilde; Margolis, Helene G.; Etzel, Ruth A.
An abstract is unavailable.
Fetal growth trajectories among small for gestational age babies and child neurodevelopment
from Ferguson, Kelly K.; Sammallahti, Sara; Rosen, Emma; van den Dries, Michiel; Pronk, Anjoeka; Spaan, Suzanne; Guxens, Mònica; Tiemeier, Henning; Gaillard, Romy; Jaddoe, Vincent W.V.
rowth trajectories can distinguish who will have the worst neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood among babies born SGA. Methods: The present analysis was conducted in Generation R, a population-based cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands (N=5487). Using group-based trajectory modeling, we identifi...
Incidence of HPV-related anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer in men with diabetes compared with the general population
from Reinholdt, K; Thomsen, LT; Munk, C; Dehlendorff, C; Carstensen, B; Jørgensen, ME; Kjaer, SK
tion without diabetes. Materials and methods: In this registry-based cohort study, we included all men born 1916–2001 and residing in Denmark (n=2,528,756). From nationwide registries we retrieved individual-level information on diabetes, educational level, and diagnoses of hgPeIN, hgAIN, pe**le S...
Leveraging pathogen sequence and contact tracing data to enhance vaccine trials in emerging epidemics
from Kahn, Rebecca; Wang, Rui; Leavitt, Sarah V.; Hanage, William P.; Lipsitch, Marc
ly not identifiable in many trial designs because it requires knowledge of infectors’ vaccination status. Recent advances in genomics have improved our ability to reconstruct transmission networks. We aim to assess if augmenting trials with pathogen sequence and contact tracing data can permit the...
Early-life farm exposure and ovarian reserve in a U.S. cohort of women
from Upson, Kristen; Weinberg, Clarice R.; Nichols, Hazel B.; Dinse, Gregg E.; D’Aloisio, Aimee A.; Sandler, Dale P.; Baird, Donna D.
a large U.S. cohort of women. Methods: We collected prenatal and childhood farm exposure data by questionnaire and telephone interview. However, serum AMH data were available only for a nested subset: premenopausal women ages 35-54 subsequently diagnosed with breast cancer (n=418 cases) and their ma...
The Authors Respond
from Keiding, Niels; Ali, Mohamed M.; Eriksson, Frank; Matsaseng, Thabo; Toskin, Igor; Kiarie, James
An abstract is unavailable. This article is available as a PDF only.
Re. The Use of Time to Pregnancy for Estimating and Monitoring Human Fecundity from Demographic and Health Surveys
from Polis, Chelsea B.; Cox, Carie M.; Tunçalp, Özge; McLain, Alexander C.; Thoma, Marie E.
An abstract is unavailable. This article is available as a PDF only.
CMAverse: a suite of functions for reproducible causal mediation analyses
from Shi, Baoyi; Choirat, Christine; Coull, Brent A.; VanderWeele, Tyler J.; Valeri, Linda
An abstract is unavailable. This article is available as a PDF only.
A Trial Emulation Approach for Policy Evaluations with Group-level Longitudinal Data
from Ben-Michael, Eli; Feller, Avi; Stuart, Elizabeth A.
es, leverage repeated measurements, and variation in timing to estimate policy effects, including in the COVID-19 context. Although these methods are less common in epidemiology, epidemiologic researchers are well accustomed to handling similar complexities in studies of individual-level interventio...
Theoretical framework for retrospective studies of the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
from Lewnard, Joseph A.; Patel, Manish M.; Jewell, Nicholas P.; Verani, Jennifer R.; Kobayashi, Miwako; Tenforde, Mark W.; Dean, Natalie E.; Cowling, Benjamin J.; Lopman, Benjamin A.
ies used to assess vaccine effectiveness, such studies may encounter important threats to validity. Here we review the theoretical basis for estimation of vaccine direct effects under traditional case–control and test-negative design frameworks, addressing specific natural history parameters of SA...
Term birth weight and neurodevelopmental outcomes
from Cortese, Marianna; Moster, Dag; Wilcox, Allen J.
a population-based study of term birth weight and its link to a range of neurodevelopmental outcomes using Norwegian health registries. To remove the influence of preterm birth, we restricted our analyses to 1.8 million singleton babies born during a narrow range of term gestational age (39-41 weeks...
Decreased susceptibility of marginal odds ratios to finite-sample bias
from Ross, Rachael K.; Cole, Stephen R.; Richardson, David B.
bility to finite-sample bias relative to the unpenalized maximum likelihood estimator of the covariate-conditional odds ratio (OR). Using simulation, we compare the finite-sample bias of different marginal and conditional estimators of the OR. We simulated a logistic model to have 15 events per para...
Estimating the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the infection fatality ratio in light of waning antibodies
from Shioda, Kayoko; Lau, Max SY; Kraay, Alicia NM; Nelson, Kristin N; Siegler, Aaron J; Sullivan, Patrick S; Collins, Matthew H; Weitz, Joshua S; Lopman, Benjamin A
ich is not necessarily equivalent to the duration of protective immunity). We estimate the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection from serology studies, accounting for expected levels of antibody acquisition (seroconversion) and waning (seroreversion), and apply this framework using data from....
An aggregated comorbidity measure based on history of filled drug prescriptions – development and evaluation in two separate cohorts
from Gedeborg, Rolf; Sund, Malin; Lambe, Mats; Plym, Anna; Fredriksson, Irma; Syrjä, Johan; Holmberg, Lars; Robinson, David; Stattin, Pär; Garmo, Hans
ns between filled drug prescriptions and time to death in 326,450 control males randomly selected from the general population to males with prostate cancer. We also evaluated the index in 272,214 control females randomly selected from the general population to females with breast cancer. Results: Th...
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