11/29/2025
Most fish rely entirely on their gills to extract oxygen from water, but the mighty Tarpon possesses a secret evolutionary weapon: it can breathe atmospheric air.
If you observe a school of tarpon, you will frequently see them break the surface in a smooth, arcing motion known as "rolling."
During this roll, the fish opens its mouth to gulp a mouthful of air. This behavior is possible because of a unique, modified swim bladder.
In most fish, the swim bladder controls buoyancy. However, the tarpon's swim bladder is highly vascularized and lined with spongy alveolar tissue, allowing it to function almost exactly like a primitive lung.
This is necessary- This adaptation allows tarpon to thrive in oxygen-poor (hypoxic) environments, such as stagnant mangrove lagoons or brackish backwaters. While other fish would suffocate in these conditions, the tarpon can simply surface for a breath, giving juveniles a safe place to hide and adults a unique hunting ground.