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Chocolate là một chủ đề xuất hiện trong Part 1 Speaking khiến nhiều bạn cảm thấy hơi lạ lẫm nhưng vì cũng thuộc chủ đề đồ ăn nên các bạn vẫn có thể áp dụng những từ vựng chung liên quan đến topic Food hay Dessert (đồ tráng miệng).
Bài viết này tổng hợp các câu hỏi thuộc Topic Chocolate Speaking Part 1 thường gặp kèm câu trả lời gợi ý giúp bạn có thêm ý tưởng và từ vựng “ăn điểm” để chinh phục chủ đề này.
1. Tổng hợp từ vựng chủ đề Chocolate IELTS Speaking
Ngoài các từ vựng liên quan đến chủ đề đồ ăn IELTS LangGo đã giới thiệu với các bạn ở một số bài viết trước, các bạn có thể sử dụng những từ dưới đây khi nói về chủ đề Chocolate nhé.
Danh từ:
flavor: hương vị
texture: cấu trúc, kết cấu
dessert: món tráng miệng
chocolate bar: thanh sô cô la
cocoa powder: bột cacao
chocolate cake: bánh sô cô la
chocolate goodies: đồ ăn sô cô la
Động từ:
indulge in: thưởng thức, tận hưởng
crave: thèm, khao khát
savor: thưởng thức, nếm
devour: ăn ngấu nghiến
Tính từ:
appetizing: hấp dẫn
creamy: mịn, béo
antioxidant: chất chống oxi hóa
decadent: ngon, ngọt ngào
sweet: ngọt
bitter: đắng
irresistible: khó cưỡng lại
dark / milk / white / semi-dark / semi-sweet + chocolate: sô cô la đen / sô cô la sữa / sô cô la trắng / sô cô la nửa đen / nửa ngọt
Collocation / Idiom:
have a sweet tooth: thích ăn đồ ngọt
satisfy one’s taste buds: làm hài lòng vị giác của ai đó
chocolate lover / enthusiast / fan: người yêu sô cô la / người ham mê sô cô la / người hâm mộ sô cô la
2. Câu trả lời mẫu topic Chocolate Speaking Part 1
Các câu hỏi Part 1 như thường khá cá nhân hoặc đơn giản thôi nên các bạn hãy ưu tiên tiêu chí fluency để nói một cách tự nhiên nhất và trôi chảy.
Đừng quá đặt nặng việc dùng từ khó vì điều này sẽ khiến các bạn khựng lại hoặc ngập ngừng hơn nhiều trong quá trình trả lời.
Các bạn có 2 cách trả lời mỗi câu hỏi topic Chocolate IELTS Speaking Part 1 để các bạn có thêm ý tưởng nhé.
Question 1. Do you like eating chocolate? Why/ Why not?
Version 1:
Yes, I have a little bit of a sweet tooth so whenever I crave sweets, I’d go for a bar of chocolate or a piece of chocolate cake.
The delightful taste and creamy texture never fail to uplift my mood. Not only that, the combination of sweetness and bitterness is just what I want in a dessert.
Version 2:
No, I’m not fond of this dessert at all because I always find it either overly sweet with artificial sweeteners or too bitter.
It’s also just too rich for my taste, so I’d only eat chocolate once in a while on special occasions.
Vocabulary:
have a sweet tooth (idiom): thích đồ ngọt
go for (phr. v): lựa chọn
uplift one’s mood (phr): làm tâm trạng tốt hơn
fond of (adj phrase): thích, ưa thích
artificial sweetener (colloc.): chất tạo ngọt nhân tạo
once in a while (idiom): đôi khi, thỉnh thoảng
special occasion (colloc.): dịp đặc biệt
Version 1:
Có, tôi khá thích ăn đồ ngọt nên mỗi khi thèm đồ ngọt, tôi thường chọn một thanh sô cô la hoặc một miếng bánh sô cô la. Hương vị ngon lành và kết cấu mịn màng luôn khiến tâm trạng của tôi tốt hơn. Không chỉ vậy, sự kết hợp giữa vị ngọt và đắng chính là điều tôi mong muốn trong một món tráng miệng.
Version 2:
Không, tôi không thích món tráng miệng này chút nào vì tôi luôn thấy nó quá ngọt với các chất tạo ngọt nhân tạo hoặc quá đắng. Nó cũng quá béo so với khẩu vị của tôi, nên tôi chỉ ăn sô cô la thỉnh thoảng vào các dịp đặc biệt.
Question 2. How often do you eat chocolate?
Version 1:
A bit too frequent, I’m afraid. Despite knowing that chocolate isn’t the healthiest food in the world and I try not to overindulge,
I still enjoy chocolate a few times a week. It might sound funny but I can’t seem to say no to a delectable piece of chocolate cake.
Version 2:
Rarely, actually! As I mentioned just now, chocolate isn’t my thing, so I don’t ever go out and buy myself chocolate desserts. If my friends give me some though, I’d have a bite or two, but that’s about it.
Vocabulary:
overindulge (v): ăn quá nhiều
not my thing (phr): không phải sở thích của tôi
Version 1:
Tôi e là hơi quá thường xuyên. Mặc dù biết rằng sô cô la không phải là thực phẩm lành mạnh nhất trên thế giới và tôi cố gắng không ăn quá mức, nhưng tôi vẫn thích ăn sô cô la một vài lần mỗi tuần. Có thể nghe có vẻ hài hước nhưng tôi dường như không thể từ chối một miếng bánh sô cô la ngon lành.
Version 2:
Thực sự là rất hiếm khi! Như tôi vừa nói, sô cô la không phải là món ăn yêu thích của tôi, vì vậy tôi không bao giờ ra ngoài mua sô cô la cho mình.
Tuy nhiên, nếu bạn bè cho tôi một ít, tôi sẽ ăn một vài miếng nhưng chỉ vậy thôi.
Question 3. Did you often eat chocolate when you were a kid?
Version 1:
Absolutely! I tasted chocolate for the first time when I was around ten years old, and it completely changed my life. At that time, chocolate was definitely a special treat that I could never deny. I remember eagerly anticipating holidays and birthdays so that I could enjoy delicious chocolate goodies.
Version 2:
No! I was never big on chocolate, even as a child. I couldn’t see the appeal of it while other kids would devour bars after bars of chocolate. I remember enjoying something lighter like yogurts or just fruits after a meal.
Vocabulary:
special treat (colloc.): món ngon đặc biệt
be big on (idiom): thích cái gì đó, yêu thích
see the appeal (phr): nhìn thấy sức hấp dẫn
Version 1:
Hoàn toàn đúng! Tôi đã thử sô cô la lần đầu tiên khi tôi khoảng mười tuổi, và nó đã hoàn toàn thay đổi cuộc sống của tôi. Lúc đó, sô cô la chắc chắn là một món quà đặc biệt mà tôi không bao giờ từ chối. Tôi nhớ rất háo hức chờ đến ngày lễ và sinh nhật để tận hưởng những món ngọt sô cô la ngon lành.
Version 2:
Không! Tôi chưa bao giờ là người thích sô cô la, ngay cả khi còn là một đứa trẻ. Tôi không thể nhìn thấy sự hấp dẫn của nó trong khi các đứa trẻ khác thường ăn hết thanh sô cô la này đến thanh sô cô la khác. Tôi nhớ mình thích thú với những thứ nhẹ nhàng hơn như sữa chua hoặc trái cây sau bữa ăn.
Question 4. What's your favorite flavor of chocolate?
Version 1:
It's hard to choose just one, really, but if I had to pick, I guess it would be semi-dark chocolate. It’s not as sweet as white chocolate but also not as bitter as the dark one so I think it’s just the perfect fit for me.
Version 2:
I don’t have one to be honest. As I said, I have never been into this sweet, so it’s hard to choose a flavor that I like. If I really rack my brain, I’d say that dark chocolate is the only type that I’d eat voluntarily because it’s more bitter than sweet and it’s actually quite healthy.
Vocabulary:
perfect fit (phr): sự phù hợp hoàn hảo
rack my brain (idiom): cố nghĩ
voluntarily (adv): tự nguyện, tự ý
Version 1:
Thực sự thì khá khó để chọn một loại, nhưng nếu phải chọn, tôi nghĩ tôi sẽ chọn sô cô la hơi đắng. Nó không ngọt như sô cô la trắng nhưng cũng không đắng như sô cô la đen nên tôi nghĩ đó là lựa chọn hoàn hảo cho tôi.
Version 2:
Thực sự thì tôi không có một lựa chọn cụ thể. Như tôi đã nói, tôi chưa bao giờ thích đồ ngọt nên khó để chọn một hương vị mà tôi thích. Nếu tôi phải suy nghĩ kỹ, tôi nghĩ sô cô la đen là loại duy nhất mà tôi sẵn lòng ăn vì nó có nhiều vị đắng hơn ngọt và khá lành mạnh cho sức khỏe.
Question 5. Is chocolate good for our health?
Version 1:
I think this has to do with the type of chocolate. I read somewhere that dark chocolate, in particular, is rich in antioxidants and actually has some health benefits like improving heart function.
Having said that, it’s important to consume it in moderation and opt for varieties with less added sugar to avoid health problems like obesity or diabetes.
Version 2:
Generally speaking, no. Even though I’m well aware that dark chocolate can be somewhat healthy and is recommended by doctors, most people would go for other types of chocolate, right?
Like milk or white chocolate, which have more sugar than antioxidants. That’s why I think on a large scale, chocolate is not a healthy food option if people binge-eat it.
Vocabulary:
rich in antioxidant (phr): giàu chất chống oxi hóa
health benefit (colloc.): lợi ích cho sức khỏe
heart function (colloc.): chức năng tim
in moderation (idiom): vừa phải, không quá mức
obesity (n): béo phì
diabetes (n): tiểu đường
on a large scale (phr): trên quy mô lớn, rộng rãi
binge-eat (v): ăn liên tục
Version 1:
Tôi nghĩ điều này liên quan đến loại sô cô la. Tôi đọc ở đâu đó rằng sô cô la, đặc biệt là sô cô la đen, giàu chất chống oxi hóa và thực sự có một số lợi ích cho sức khỏe như cải thiện chức năng tim. Tuy nhiên, điều quan trọng là tiêu thụ nó vừa phải và lựa chọn các loại có ít đường phụ gia hơn để tránh các vấn đề sức khỏe như béo phì hoặc tiểu đường.
Version 2:
Nhìn chung thì không. Mặc dù tôi biết rằng sô cô la đen có thể khá lành mạnh và được các bác sĩ khuyên dùng, nhưng hầu hết mọi người sẽ chọn các loại sô cô la khác, phải không? Như sô cô la sữa hoặc sô cô la trắng, có nhiều đường hơn so với chất chống oxi hóa. Đó là lý do tại sao tôi nghĩ, nhìn chung thì sô cô la không phải là một lựa chọn thực phẩm lành mạnh nếu mọi người ăn quá mức.
Version 1:
Surely yes! Chocolate makes a perfect gift because it's universally loved and easily found anywhere. I believe that if we put some thought into it and choose the favorite flavors of our friends and family members, chocolate couldn’t go wrong as a gift option.
Version 2:
I wouldn’t say it’s the best gift because it’s too readily available and not personal enough. I think a present has to be unique and holds special meaning, so chocolate doesn’t really meet the standard.
Vocabulary:
universally loved (colloc.): được yêu thích trên toàn thế giới
put some thought into (phr. v): đầu tư suy nghĩ vào
couldn’t go wrong (idiom): không thể sai lầm
readily available (colloc.): dễ dàng có được
meet the standard (phr): đạt tiêu chuẩn
Version 1:
Chắc chắn là vậy! Sô cô la là món quà hoàn hảo vì nó được yêu thích trên toàn thế giới và dễ dàng tìm thấy ở bất kỳ nơi nào. Tôi tin rằng nếu chúng ta đầu tư một chút suy nghĩ và chọn các loại sô cô la yêu thích của bạn bè và gia đình, sô cô la sẽ không bao giờ là lựa chọn sai cho một món quà.
Version 2:
Tôi không nói rằng đó là món quà tốt nhất vì nó quá phổ biến và không đủ cá nhân. Tôi nghĩ một món quà phải là duy nhất và mang ý nghĩa đặc biệt, vì vậy sô cô la thực sự không đạt tiêu chuẩn.
Question 7. Have you ever given chocolate as a present to someone?
Why?
Version 1:
Yes, I have. I actually have a close friend who is the biggest chocolate lover ever so for her birthday 2 years ago, another friend and I baked a chocolate cake shaped like her favorite anime character. Needless to say, she was over the moon and burst out laughing when receiving the gift.
Version 2:
Now that I look back, I don’t think I have ever done that. Probably because I don’t have any close friends or relatives that are chocolate enthusiasts. I usually lean towards practical gifts like clothes or some technological devices most of the time.
Vocabulary:
over the moon (idiom): rất hạnh phúc, vui mừng
burst out laughing (idiom): phá lên cười
look back (phr. v): nhìn lại, suy ngẫm về quá khứ
practical gift (colloc.): quà thực dụng
Version 1:
Có, tôi đã làm điều đó. Thực ra, tôi có một người bạn thân là người rất yêu sô cô la, vì thế vào sinh nhật của cô ấy cách đây 2 năm, một người bạn khác và tôi đã nướng một chiếc bánh sô cô la có hình dạng giống nhân vật hoạt hình yêu thích của cô ấy. Không cần phải nói, cô ấy đã rất vui và phá lên cười khi nhận món quà.
Version 2:
Nhìn lại, tôi nghĩ tôi chưa bao giờ làm điều đó. Có lẽ là vì tôi không có bạn bè hoặc người thân gần nào là người mê sô cô la. Thường thì tôi thích chọn những món quà thực dụng như quần áo hoặc một số thiết bị công nghệ.
Question 8.
Why do you think chocolate is popular around the world?
Version 1:
Well, this must have something to do with its irresistible taste and versatility. I see that there are so many different types of desserts that can be made from chocolate, right? For example, chocolate ice cream, cakes or even crepes so the options are limitless.
Version 2:
I guess because it suits most people’s taste, and everyone can find a type of chocolate that they can enjoy. Whether someone prefers sweeter varieties or more bitter flavors, there's something for everyone.
Vocabulary:
irresistible taste (colloc.): hương vị không thể cưỡng lại
Version 1:
À, điều này chắc chắn liên quan đến hương vị không thể cưỡng lại và tính linh hoạt của nó. Tôi thấy rằng có rất nhiều loại món tráng miệng có thể được làm từ sô cô la, đúng không? Ví dụ như kem sô cô la, bánh hay thậm chí là bánh kếp nên các lựa chọn là không giới hạn.
Version 2:
Tôi nghĩ vì nó phù hợp với khẩu vị của hầu hết mọi người, và mọi người đều có thể tìm thấy một loại sô cô la mà họ có thể thưởng thức. Cho dù ai đó ưa chuộng các loại ngọt ngào hơn hoặc các loại đắng hơn, đều có một cái gì đó cho mọi người.
Question 9.
Do you think people use chocolate differently now than in the past?
Version 1:
I believe one way or another, yes. In the past, I guess that the method of preparing chocolate was simpler and there weren’t as many variations available. Now, however, due to increased demand, there have been more chocolate products than ever before and there’s a greater focus on quality.
Version 2:
Frankly speaking, I’m not well informed of the changes that have happened in the chocolate industry. I can see that people use chocolate to create more types of desserts now but that’s all I know.
Vocabulary:
one way or another (phr): cách này hay cách khác
well informed (adj): được thông tin đầy đủ, am hiểu
Version 1:
Tôi tin rằng theo một cách nào đó, có. Trong quá khứ, tôi nghĩ rằng phương pháp chuẩn bị sô cô la đơn giản hơn và không có nhiều biến thể như hiện nay. Tuy nhiên, bây giờ, do nhu cầu tăng cao, có nhiều sản phẩm sô cô la hơn bao giờ hết và có một sự tập trung lớn hơn vào chất lượng.
Version 2:
Thành thật mà nói, tôi không được thông tin đầy đủ về những thay đổi đã xảy ra trong ngành công nghiệp sô cô la. Tôi chỉ thấy rằng mọi người sử dụng sô cô la để tạo ra nhiều loại món tráng miệng hơn bây giờ nhưng đó là tất cả những gì tôi biết.
Chocolate không phải là một chủ đề quá khó nhưng qua bài viết trên, mong rằng các bạn đã học được thêm các cách trả lời khác nhau để tự tin trả lời các câu hỏi liên quan đến Topic Chocolate Speaking Part 1.
P/S: :
A chocolate encyclopedia covers the rich history (from ancient Mesoamerican rituals to modern treats), production (fermented cocoa beans to liquor, powder, butter), types (dark, milk, white, baking), cultural significance, recipes, and the science of this beloved food, essentially detailing how the Theobroma cacao bean became a global staple for celebration, medicine, and indulgence, notes Britannica, FoodPrint, and New World.
Encyclopedia. Key topics include its journey from sacred drink to candy bar, the invention of milk chocolate, and its role in culture, as described in books like Chocolate: A Cultural Encyclopedia by Ross F. Collins.
Key Areas in a Chocolate Encyclopedia
Origins & History:
Domestication in Mexico, use by Olmec, Maya, Aztecs (currency, ritual), introduction to Europe (Spain), evolution from bitter drink to sweet confection.
Production: From cocoa pod to bar: harvesting, fermentation, roasting, grinding into chocolate liquor, pressing for cocoa butter/powder, adding sugar/milk for sweet chocolate.
Types of Chocolate:
Dark Chocolate: High cocoa solids, less sugar, bitter.
Milk Chocolate: Dark chocolate + milk solids/sugar.
White Chocolate: Cocoa butter, sugar, milk (no cocoa solids).
Baking Chocolate: Unsweetened, pure chocolate liquor.
Cultural Significance: Medicine, aphrodisiac, symbol of love, luxury, holiday treat (Easter), wartime rations.
Ingredients & Science: Cocoa butter's unique melting point (~90°F/32°C), role of sugar, lecithin, vanilla.
Where to Find Information
General/History: Britannica, New World Encyclopedia.
Cultural/Deep Dives: Books like Chocolate: A Cultural Encyclopedia.
Practical/Recipes: Books like The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Chocolate
Question 6. Do you think it is good to use chocolate as gifts to others?
Dark Chocolate Benefits:
Higher cocoa percentages (70%+) provide substantial levels of flavanols (antioxidants) that may improve heart health, brain function, and blood flow.
Stimulants:
It contains small amounts of caffeine and theobromine, which provide a gentler energy boost than coffee.
Market & Economic Value
As of 2025, the global chocolate confectionery market is valued at approximately $140.12 billion, with the United States generating the highest revenue ($24 billion).
Industry Trends: The market is projected to grow by roughly 4.89% annually through 2030.
Premiumization:
Brands like Lindt command a "price premium" due to perceived luxury and brand love, while craft chocolate bars can cost upwards of $10.
Ethical & Cultural Values
Modern chocolate consumption is increasingly tied to social and environmental values:
Sourcing Ethics:
Leading ethical brands like Tony's Chocolonely focus on "Living Income" premiums for farmers to combat illegal child labor and poverty.
Sustainability:
Certifications like Fairtrade and Rainforest Alliance aim to protect tropical ecosystems and ensure fair wages.
Symbolism:
Culturally, chocolate is a universal symbol of love and affection, often linked to romantic traditions like Valentine's Day.
Corporate Values: Major manufacturers like The Hershey Company center their missions on "goodness," integrity, and community impact.
Emotional & Cultural Values
Mood Booster: Triggers brain's reward centers, producing positive emotions and euphoria.
Symbolism: Represents love, affection, sensuality, and is central to holidays like Valentine's Day and Christmas.
Comfort: Provides a sense of joy and indulgence.
Consumer & Ethical Values
Attributes: Consumers value origin, brand, certifications (fair trade, organic), sustainability, and packaging.
Ethical Choices: Fair trade and sustainable cocoa sourcing are increasingly important to buyers.
Market Value
A large, growing global market, projected to reach over $172 billion by 2030.
Chief Joy Officer (CjO)
Chief Impact Officer (CiO)
Chief Fulfilment Officer (CfO)
Chief Growth Officer (CgO)
Chief LifePurpose Officer (CpO)
Chief ContributionS Officer (CcO)
Chief Stupidities Recognition Officer (CsO CrO)
Purposeful IMPERIAL EDICT as LEGITIMACY via False WORDINGS
Well-prepared Minds to Assaults from Adversary Foes' SQUADs & Archenemy.
Do not be afraid to take the role no one wants.
Great results, can be achieved with small forces.
The essence of strategy is choosing what not to do.
Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake.
A business without strategic intent is guided by luck, not leadership.
Persistence. Patience. Power. Prioritize your passion. It keeps you sane.
Don't hit at all if it is honorably possible to avoid hitting; but never hit soft!
Supreme excellence consists of breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting.
Strategy is less about predicting outcomes and more about preparing for impact.
No one can tell what is righteous and what is wrong, what is good and what is evil.
The whole secret lies in confusing the enemy, so that he cannot fathom our real intent.
When you surround an army, leave an outlet free. Do not press a desperate foe too hard.
Strategy is about making choices, trade-offs; it's about deliberately choosing to be different.
Let your plans be dark and impenetrable as night, and when you move, fall like a thunderbolt.
I thought I had to do it all, but in fact, I only had to do what truly mattered and made a difference.
At the heart of the strategy is a strong belief … that systemic problems require systemic solutions.
Strategy without tactics is the slowest route to victory. Tactics without strategy are the noise before defeat.
Part of being an authentic leader is knowing what you don’t know and accepting lessons from all directions.
Rouse him, and learn the principle of his activity or inactivity. Force him to reveal himself, so as to find out his vulnerable spots.
You’ve got to think about big things while you’re doing small things, so that all the small things go in the right direction.
Consider and then act, don't react. A worthy opponent will calculate his move to entice a response from you. Make your own play.
If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle.
All warfare is based on deception. Hence, when we are able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must appear inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near.
If your enemy is secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength, evade him. If your opponent is temperamental, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant. If he is taking his ease, give him no rest. If his forces are united, separate them. If sovereign and subject are in accord, put division between them. Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected.
===
0. The wise warrior avoids the battle.
1. Opportunities multiply as they are seized.
2. who wishes to fight must first count the cost.
3. To know your Enemy, you must become your Enemy.
4. Build your opponent a golden bridge to retreat across.
4. Even the finest sword plunged into salt water will eventually rust.
4. The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting.
5. Appear weak when you are strong, and strong when you are weak.
6.Let your plans be dark and impenetrable as night, and when you move, fall like a thunderbolt.
7.Victorious warriors win first and then go to war, while defeated warriors go to war first and then seek to win.
8. To win one hundred victories in one hundred battles is not the acme of skill. To subdue the enemy without fighting is the acme of skill.
9. I have overestimated myself. Even the best strategies are useless if time does not favor us.
10. Truly capable people show only half of their hand. When the time isn't right, patiently build your strength until you get the chance to soar.
11. There are five possible operations for any army: If you can fight, fight. If you cannot fight, defend. If you cannot defend, surrender. If you cannot surrender, flee. If you cannot flee, die.
METTLES before BOSS INVESTORS PARTNERS
www.onelifeenglish.edu.vn
06/12/2025
Regardless of your situation in life,
wherever you live,
who you are,
how you identify,
there are going to be 4 main things that hold you back.
And I mean this when it comes to everything
Every goal you’ve ever tried to set, every accomplishment you’ve ever had your sights on
All the desires you have for building a community, making your current relationships stronger, creating enjoyable experiences with a few people you love.
Taking more vacations, having no money stress, feeling like there is “enough” in your life. Feeling accomplished and driven.
Looking good, feeling good, being respected and admired for the way you look and how you present yourself.
Having an attitude and aura of confidence around you that is attractive and powerful
Regardless of our desire, we need four things:
Better, tighter knit, passionate, supportive relationships.
Explosive, effective, and focused action.
A mindset for continuing on with something meaningful, despite obstacles or time required.
Enough money to live our dreams, support us and those we love, to spend on the things we like, and live stress free + the way we choose.
Where focus goes, energy flows.
Your past does not equal your future.
If you can’t, you must. If you must, you can.
Don't wish it were easier, wish you were better.
There's no abiding success without commitment.
In life you need either inspiration or desperation.
Are you using your mind—or is your mind using you?
It's not knowing what to do; it's doing what you know.
There is no such thing as failure. There are only results.
The path to success is to take massive, determined action.
It is in your moments of decision that your destiny is shaped.
It is in your moments of decision that your destiny is shaped.
Every problem is a gift – without problems, we would not grow.
When you are grateful, fear disappears and abundance appears.
Setting goals is the first step in turning the invisible into the visible.
The only limit to your impact is your imagination and commitment.
Identify your problems, but give your power and energy to solutions.
It’s what you practice in private that you’ll be rewarded for in public.
If you do what you've always done, you'll get what you've always gotten.
Goals are like magnets. They’ll attract the things that make them come true.
Change happens when the pain of staying the same is greater than the pain of change.
If you talk about it, it’s a dream. If you envision it, it’s possible. If you schedule it, it’s real.
Persistence overshadows even talent as the most valuable resource shaping the quality of life.
You don’t have to have a reason to feel good. You’re alive! You can feel good for no reason at all!
Any time you sincerely want to make a change, the first thing you must do is to raise your standards.
The only thing that’s keeping you from getting what you want is the story you keep telling yourself.
A real decision is measured by the fact that you've taken new action. If there's no action, you haven't truly decided.
The power of positive thinking is the ability to generate a feeling of certainty in yourself when nothing in the environment supports you.
You see, in life, lots of people know what to do, but few actually do what they know. Knowing is not enough! You must take action.
When we’re truly honest, all of our problems in life are either
(1) people problems
(2) money problems
(3) getting s**t done problems OR
(4) having the right mentality problems.
What we could use more of is a foolproof plan that is
Results oriented (rather than just being busy all the time)
Sets us up for success to achieve goals that are truly meaningful and important to us.
Instills a sense of purpose, passion and vision to our everyday activities.
And also helps us to explode our own productivity levels so we can take the massive action required to get amazing results.
“we need to turn our shoulds into ”.
“I should work out today”
“I really should work on my side hustle this weekend”
“I really should go patch things up with my father/mother”
“I really should stop buying this damned gas station food”
! You .
You must because you’ve been doing it this way and it’s no longer satisfying
You must because it’s time for you to grow into something better
You must because it’s time for you to capitalize on an opportunity
If you cannot even trust yourself, what kind of life are you really living?
The life you desire is within reach, all that’s required is your time, effort, and effective strategy married to some explosive action.
#
www.hoanghunglaw.com
05/12/2025
𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐞𝐟 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐤 𝐎𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐫
NGHỀ QUẢN TRỊ RỦI RO
1. Moves from traditional risk and compliance frameworks into the management of multi-vector, cross-domain, and asymmetric threats that transcend conventional boundaries.
2. Develops expertise in hybrid risk governance.
3. Equips with the skills to design cross-sector resilience strategies, integrate governance across silos, and align risk frameworks with organizational, regulatory, and geopolitical realities.
4. Provides practical methodologies for hybrid stress testing, assisting organizations to withstand hybrid risks.
5. Advances the careers of CRCMPs by adding specialized expertise in hybrid risk and resilience, and offering strategic, cross-sector perspectives that are highly valued by organizations and boards.
The program provides with the skills needed to become a Certified Risk and Compliance Management Professional in Hybrid Risk and Resilience Management - CRCMP(HR²M), a certification that provides independent evidence to firms and organizations that you have a quantifiable understanding of the subject matter.
Target Audience
The CRCMP(HR²M) program is designed for professionals who already hold the CRCMP designation and are ready to expand into the advanced domains of hybrid risk and resilience. It is especially relevant for those engaged in multi-vector risk environments, cross-sector resilience, and global governance:
1. Risk Managers and Professionals. The CRCMP(HR²M) advanced specialization develops expertise in handling hybrid threats, strengthens resilience strategies, enhances communication with leadership, and provides a competitive advantage in a world where risk and compliance are central to organizational survival and success.
It also equips professionals with essential counterintelligence awareness, helping them recognize and mitigate risks stemming from espionage, insider threats, and information manipulation. In addition, the program emphasizes hybrid stress testing, enabling organizations to anticipate cascading crises across digital, financial, regulatory, and geopolitical domains, well beyond the scope of traditional stress testing.
2. Compliance Managers and Professionals. They ensure adherence to laws, regulations, and internal policies. The CRCMP(HR²M) advanced specialization broadens this role by mapping hybrid threats into compliance obligations, enabling them to anticipate emerging risks and strengthen organizational resilience. It prepares them to address challenges that increasingly intersect with legal, ethical, and governance obligations.
Regulators expect boards and executives to demonstrate governance over resilience and hybrid threats. The CRCMP(HR²M) advanced specialization assists compliance managers in translating hybrid risks into board-reportable compliance obligations, and in preserving the evidence needed to withstand scrutiny from regulators and courts, where every word, every document, and every decision counts.
3. IT, Cybersecurity, and Information Security Professionals. This advanced specialization provides the skills to bridge the gap between technical security, compliance, and executive decision-making.
IT, cybersecurity, and information security professionals face the challenge of translating highly technical issues into business and governance terms that leadership can understand and act upon. The CRCMP(HR²M) advanced specialization gives a much better understanding of how to present IT and cyber risks in strategic, regulatory, and financial contexts.
By combining technical expertise, compliance knowledge, and counterintelligence awareness, participants learn to demonstrate the business impact of threats, justify security investments, and align incident response with legal and regulatory expectations.
4. Internal Auditors. The CRCMP(HR²M) advanced specialization develops expertise in evaluating the adequacy and effectiveness of risk, compliance, and resilience frameworks in the face of complex and hybrid threats. It equips internal auditors with the knowledge to provide independent assurance that organizational strategies, controls, and compliance measures are robust enough to withstand crises that cut across cyber, financial, regulatory, and geopolitical domains.
The program integrates counterintelligence awareness, enabling auditors to recognize risks related to insider activity, information manipulation, and hostile influence that can undermine governance structures. Through hybrid stress testing, auditors understand better how cascading crises might expose hidden vulnerabilities in controls, reporting systems, and compliance obligations.
5. Legal, Regulatory, and Corporate Governance Professionals.
The CRCMP(HR²M) advanced specialization develops expertise in understanding and managing the legal, regulatory, and governance implications of hybrid threats. Professionals can understand better compliance and governance under conditions of hybrid stress.
The CRCMP(HR²M) program assists in managing conflict-of-laws, advising on jurisdictional risk exposure, and supporting Boards in navigating the global complexities that arise from hybrid threats, including those orchestrated by state-sponsored actors who blend cyber, legal, financial, and disinformation tactics to destabilize organizations.
6. Consultants and Advisory Professionals.
The CRCMP(HR²M) advanced specialization develops expertise that enables consultants and advisory professionals to deliver high-value, forward-looking insights to clients facing increasingly complex and hybrid risk environments.
By integrating counterintelligence awareness, consultants can help clients recognize and mitigate risks from espionage, insider activity, and disinformation campaigns. These are challenges that are often underestimated but carry significant reputational, financial, and legal consequences. Through hybrid stress testing, they can guide organizations in simulating the cascading impact of combined cyber, financial, regulatory, and geopolitical crises, explaining vulnerabilities and recommending practical solutions.
This advanced specialization strengthens the consultant’s role as a trusted advisor who anticipates the intersection of risks across domains. It allows consultants to differentiate themselves in the marketplace by providing clients with strategic foresight, resilience strategies, and actionable compliance roadmaps that go well beyond traditional advisory services.
7. Project and Program Managers.
The CRCMP(HR²M) advanced specialization develops expertise in embedding risk, compliance, and resilience considerations directly into project and program delivery. For project and program managers, this means gaining the ability to plan, execute, and oversee initiatives that remain robust in the face of hybrid threats spanning digital, financial, operational, and geopolitical domains.
This advanced specialization strengthens the ability of project and program managers to translate organizational resilience goals into actionable plans, ensuring alignment with compliance and regulatory frameworks while maintaining delivery efficiency. It equips them to lead teams through complexity and uncertainty, positioning them as strategic enablers of resilience.
8. Service Providers.
The CRCMP(HR²M) advanced specialization develops expertise that is particularly valuable for service providers in IT, security, cloud, financial, legal, or managed services, that play a very important role in the resilience of the organizations they support.
In hybrid threat environments, service providers are prime targets for cyberattacks, espionage, and manipulation, since compromising them can create cascading effects across multiple client organizations. They also serve as critical partners in helping clients meet regulatory, resilience, and security requirements, often acting as an extension of the client’s own risk and compliance functions.
The program integrates counterintelligence awareness, enabling service providers to understand better threats such as supply chain infiltration, insider risks, and hostile influence campaigns that could undermine client relationships. It also emphasizes hybrid stress testing, equipping them to demonstrate the resilience of their services under combined cyber, regulatory, and operational crisis scenarios, an increasingly important factor in client due diligence and regulatory assessments.
👉 What COSO stands for?
✅ Committee of Sponsoring organisations. First setup in 1992, it has undergone revisions in 2013 (COSO Cube 3D) and 2017
👉 Purpose:
✅ To establish and integrate internal controls into the business processes.
To understand and prioritise risks and create a strong link between risk, strategy and how a business performs.
👉 Pros of using COSO?
✅ Adherence to legal and regulatory requirements.
✅ Achieves uniformity across business processes.
✅ Easy detection of fraudulent activities.
✅ Robust control environment contributes to Strong Risk management.
✅ Achieves efficiency across business processes --> reduce costs and increase profits
👉 Cons of using COSO
✅ Difficult to implement due to broad scope and lack of prescriptive guidance.
✅ Rigid structure making difficult to identify the best way forward for a particular organization.
The Chief Risk Officer (CRO) is authorized by the board of directors to oversee the identification, assessment, and management of the organization’s aggregate risks, and to ensure that risk management and control activities are designed and executed in accordance with the organization’s approved risk appetite, fiduciary obligations, and applicable laws and regulations.
At the strategic level, the CRO ensures that risk considerations are embedded in decision-making processes, including mergers and acquisitions, new product development, major investments, and outsourcing arrangements. Every strategic initiative must be accompanied by an assessment of its risk implications and an evaluation of whether the resulting profile remains within appetite.
Part 1. Hybrid Threats and Resilience.
Resilience in the Age of Uncertainty.
- Business continuity, robustness, and resilience.
- Case study, Basel III and resilience.
- Resilience governance.
- Recovery Time Objective (RTO).
- Recovery Point Objective (RPO).
Hybrid Threats.
- Multi-vector threats.
- Convergent threats.
- Asymmetric threats.
- Functional understanding of hybrid threats.
- Holistic understanding of hybrid threats.
The Strategic Landscape of Hybrid Threats.
- Geopolitical Risk and Strategic Competition.
- Political risk.
- Geopolitical risk.
Cyber-Physical Attacks on Critical Infrastructure.
- Cyber-physical attack.
- Cyber-physical system (CPS).
Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) and Hybrid Threats.
- What is an Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)?
- Is it an APT or a hybrid campaign?
Hybrid Threats, Guerrilla Warfare, Insurgency.
- Guerrilla warfare.
- Insurgency.
- Similarities and differences.
Part 2. The Mind Under Siege
Hybrid Threat Psychology.
- Desire.
- Affection.
- Motivation.
- Direction.
- Intensity.
- Persistence.
- The objects of desire.
- Is passion derived from "the unknown, the risk, the surprise, and the playfulness"?
Manipulation.
- Manipulation, when deployed strategically.
- What distinguishes manipulation from other forms of influence?
- Gaslighting.
- Mirroring.
- Love Bombing.
- Isolation.
Elicitation.
- Techniques.
- Assumed Knowledge.
- Bracketing.
- Response.
- Confidential Bait.
- Criticism.
- Deliberate False Statements / Denial of the Obvious.
- Feigned Ignorance.
- Flattery.
- Good Listener.
- The Leading Question.
- Macro to Micro.
- Mutual Interest.
- Oblique Reference.
- Questionnaires and Surveys.
- Ruse Interviews.
- Target the Outsider.
Hybrid Threats, double deception, engineered insights.
- Double deception.
- Engineered insights.
- Manufactured reality.
- False Information Operations (FIOs).
- Deep Fake Technologies (DFTs).
- Deep Video Portraits (DVPs).
- Narrative Warfare.
- Information Laundering.
- Influence-as-a-Service (IaaS).
- Defensive deception.
From Trust to Treason. Psychology and Insider Threats.
- Motives, stressors, vulnerabilities, personality traits.
1. The malicious insider.
- a. Long-standing grievances.
- b. Unmet expectations.
- c. Identity conflicts.
2. The compromised insider.
3. The unwitting insider.
- The desire to belong vs. the need to be authentic.
- The hiring process.
- Example, Weaponizing the integrity of IT persons.
Fake, in Psychology.
- Fake, in law.
- Counterfeit.
- Forgery.
- Fraud.
- Misrepresentation.
- The "Simulacrum".
Between Luck and Resilience.
- Fortunately, we have not been hacked!
- The declaration of safety.
The weaponization of conspiracy theories.
- Sophisticated evolution in asymmetric tactics.
- Eroding the presumption of legitimacy.
- Radicalization.
- Conspiracy theories provide cover for malicious insiders.
- 1. The Dunning–Kruger effect.
- 2. The self-serving bias.
- 3. The confirmation bias.
- 4. The pessimism bias.
Part 3. Hybrid Threats | USA, EU, China, Russia.
Hybrid Threats | USA.
- US Department of Defense (DOD) definition and approach.
- Conventional and irregular warfare.
- US Intelligence Community, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI).
- The “Updated IC Gray Zone Lexicon.”
- Gray Zone.
- Gray Zone Campaign.
- NATO, hybrid activities.
Hybrid Threats | European Union.
- The Joint Framework on countering hybrid threats, a European Union response.
- Recognising the hybrid nature of a threat.
- Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI).
Hybrid Threats | China.
- Informatization.
- Systems-of-systems operations.
- Intelligentization.
- The Chinese doctrine.
- The Three Warfares.
- 1. Public Opinion Warfare.
- 2. Psychological Warfare.
- 3. Legal Warfare.
- China’s National Intelligence Law and Counter-Espionage Law.
Hybrid Threats | Russia.
- Russia’s doctrine of information warfare and hybrid threats.
- A doctrinal tradition spanning decades.
- The link to Soviet active measures.
- The doctrine of information confrontation.
Hybrid Threats | Private Sector.
- The private sector.
- Ambiguity.
- Deniability.
- Distance, dispersion, and disguise.
- Compounding.
- Operational slack.
- Cognitive slack.
- Reputational slack.
- The boundary between national security and corporate risk.
- Extraterritorial application of regulations.
- Incident management, a legal, communications, technical process.
Hybrid Threats Targeting Sectors | Examples.
- Hybrid Threats Targeting the Maritime Sector.
- Hybrid Threats Targeting the Aviation Sector.
- Hybrid Threats Targeting Online Gaming. (It sounds ridiculous. It is not).
Part 4. Hybrid Threats and the Law.
Hybrid Threats and the Law in the USA.
- Presidential Directives, Executive Orders.
- Executive Order 13636.
- Executive Order 13691.
- Presidential Policy Directive 41 (PPD-41).
- Executive Order 13800.
- Executive Order 13848.
- Executive Order 13873.
- Executive Order 13984.
- Executive Order 14028.
- Executive Order 14034.
- Executive Order 14110.
- Executive Order 14117.
- Executive Order 14144.
- Executive Order 14306.
Hybrid Threats and the Law in the EU.
- Europe’s Resilience Doctrine.
- 1. The Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA).
- 2. The Critical Entities Resilience Directive (CER).
- 3. The Cyber Resilience Act (CRA).
- 4. The Internal Market Emergency and Resilience Act (IMERA).
- EU and hybrid campaigns.
Part 5. Hybrid stress testing.
- What is hybrid stress testing?
- Pe*******on testing, red teaming, blue teaming, purple teaming, and hybrid stress testing.
- The Aviation Analogy.
- The Architecture Analogy.
- The Ecology Analogy.
- “I will tell you the outcome. We fail.”
- Which factors are accelerating the adoption?
- Is the world mature enough for hybrid stress testing?
- Which are the main reasons for resistance to hybrid stress testing?
Hybrid stress test, steps.
- Example: Trust Erosion Hybrid Stress Test.
Step 1: Objectives and Scope.
Objectives.
- a. Regulatory Compliance and Assurance.
- b. Operational Resilience.
- c. Strategic and Governance Readiness.
Scope.
- a. Business Functions in Scope.
- b. Datasets in Scope.
- c. Third-Party Providers and Jurisdictions in Scope.
- d. Time Horizon and Severity.
Step 2: Dependencies.
- a. Data Flows.
- b. Jurisdictional Exposure.
- c. Third-Party Dependencies.
- d. Critical Datasets.
- e. Safeguards.
- f. Supply Chain and Ecosystem Dependencies.
- g. Shadow IT and Informal Practices.
Step 3: Hybrid Threat Scenarios.
- Scenarios are not predictions.
- Hybrid scenarios must be intentionally designed to overwhelm.
- Effective scenarios are layered.
Step 4: Stress Parameters and Triggers.
- The boundaries of what stress means in practice.
- The specific events that activate the scenario.
- Technical parameters.
- Legal parameters.
- Operational parameters.
- Reputational parameters.
- Financial parameters.
- Examples of triggers.
Step 5: Ex*****on of the Stress Test.
- Testing methodologies.
- 1. Table-top Exercise.
- 2. Live Simulation.
- 3. Hybrid Approach.
- Red Teaming and Adversary Emulation are not hybrid stress tests.
- Wargaming.
Step 6: Measuring Impact and Resilience.
- a. Technical.
- b. Legal and Compliance.
- c. Operational.
- d. Reputational.
- e. Strategic.
Resilience metrics.
- a. Recovery Time Objective (RTO).
- b. Recovery Point Objective (RPO).
- c. Compliance Continuity.
- d. Decision-Making Latency.
- e. Communication Effectiveness.
- f. Cross-Functional Coordination.
- Measurement must tie back to the objectives.
- Resilience benchmarked over time and across scenarios.
Step 7: Evaluation of Governance and Strategic Posture.
- The organization’s capacity to make clear, lawful, and timely decisions.
- Evaluation of governance.
- a. Decision-Making Speed.
- b. Clarity of Direction.
- c. Regulatory Alignment.
- d. Strategic Consistency.
Step 8: Documenting and Enhancing.
- Vulnerabilities, strengths, and unexpected dynamics.
- Structured Debriefing.
- What went well and reinforced resilience.
- What failed, delayed response, or created confusion.
- What decisions or actions had unintended consequences.
- What support or information was missing at critical moments.
- Lessons learned must be translated into enhancements across the organization.
- Final report.
Case Study, Scenario.
- A five-day hybrid stress test case study, where participants are guided through a simulated crisis scenario that unfolds over a structured timeline.
- Early warning signs and immediate operational impacts.
- Secondary effects spreading across digital, regulatory, and financial domains.
- Cascading consequences, including reputational damage and geopolitical dimensions.
- Mitigation efforts, strategic decision-making under pressure.
- Long-term lessons.
Part 6. What comes next.
Hybrid Threats and AI.
- Data poisoning.
- Model extraction and inversion attacks.
- Prompt injection.
- Scenario: Prompt injection to blind security infrastructure in a high-security facility.
- The hidden bill of cheap AI.
- AI-generated code.
Decision Sovereignty in the Artificial Reality Age.
- The Artificial Reality Age (ARA).
- Decision Sovereignty.
- 1. At the individual level.
- a. Filtering Information.
- b. Shaping Perception.
- c. Nudging Behavior.
- 2. At the corporate level.
Technologies.
- 1. Virtual Reality (VR).
- 2. Augmented Reality (AR).
- 3. Mixed Reality (MR) and Extended Reality (XR).
- 4. Synthetic Media.
- 5. Generative AI Systems.
- 6. Digital Twins.
- 7. Persistent Metaverses.
Quantum hybrid threats, the next frontier.
- What is “quantum” and why should I care?
- What constitutes “appropriate measures” and “data protection by design and by default” in the quantum era?
- The “harvest now, decrypt later” strategy.
- Should we worry about retroactive exposure?
- Quantum hybrid actors.
- Integrating quantum capabilities and quantum narratives into hybrid campaigns.
DNA computing and hybrid threats.
- DNA as an information carrier.
- The revolution in data storage.
- Encoding audio, images and text into synthesized DNA molecules.
- Encrypting messages within DNA encoded microdots.
- DNA steganography changes espionage and data exfiltration forever.
- Forensic and compliance risks.
- DNA hybrid threats complicate accountability.
- DNA computing and quantum supremacy.
Neuromorphic and brain-inspired computing.
- Processing information in ways that resemble the nervous system.
- Brain-inspired sensing.
- Neuromorphic systems shift sensing, learning, and decision-making.
- Neuromorphic hardware and event-based sensors create a fertile surface for covert compromise.
- Weaponization of on-device learning.
- Compromising adjacent sensors.
- Manipulated neuromorphic controllers embedded in drones, vehicles, and industrial controllers.
- Governance responses, neuromorphic risk.
- The new class of exploits requires expanding incident taxonomies.
- Neuromorphic and brain-inspired computing systems are already in use.
- Neuromorphic vision sensors already embedded in commercial drones and robotics platforms.
- Intel, IBM, large-scale neuromorphic processors, Loihi, Loihi 2, TrueNorth.
- Surveillance and security systems, robotics, industrial automation, defense.
The fusion of physical, digital, and cognitive space.
- Actions triggered by machine perception, not human observation.
- “See” and “Know” no longer describe human sensory or cognitive experiences.
- Continuously sensed.
- Algorithmically mediated.
- Triggered by machine perception.
- Hybrid Threats in the Artificial Reality Age (ARA).
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