31/10/2025
She wrote “Freight Train” at 11, then didn’t play guitar for 25 years.
At 62, she was rediscovered working as a maid.
At 90, she won a Grammy.
Elizabeth Cotten was born in 1893 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina — the youngest of five children in a Black family working hard to get by in the segregated South. Her parents took on whatever jobs they could find. There was no money for luxuries like music lessons or instruments.
But Elizabeth loved music. At age seven, she began secretly borrowing her older brother’s banjo whenever he wasn’t home. She’d cradle it awkwardly in her small hands, trying to understand how sound could become song.
There was one challenge: Elizabeth was left-handed. Her brother’s banjo was strung for right-handed players. But no one told her there was a “correct” way to hold an instrument.
So she simply turned it upside down and taught herself.
Her left hand — the one that usually frets notes — strummed. Her right hand — the one that usually strums — picked out melodies. To everyone else, it was backwards. To Elizabeth, it made perfect sense.
By age 11, she’d saved enough money doing domestic work to order a guitar from the Sears catalog: a Stella parlor guitar for $3.75. She transferred her upside-down technique to six strings.
And she wrote “Freight Train.”
“Freight Train” was inspired by the trains that rumbled through Chapel Hill — sounds that meant somewhere else, movement, freedom from the limits of her world. The melody echoed the rhythm of the wheels, the lyrics gentle and wistful:
Freight train, freight train, run so fast
Freight train, freight train, run so fast
Please don’t tell what train I’m on
They won’t know what route I’ve gone
Elizabeth was just 11 years old. She had created something that would live on for generations.
But first, she had to endure life’s hardships.
At 15, Elizabeth married a man named Frank. They had a daughter, Lily. She put down the guitar — not by choice, but by necessity.
Black women in early 20th-century North Carolina had few opportunities: domestic service, laundry, or field work. Elizabeth became a housekeeper to help support her family. There was no time for music, and no audience for a left-handed Black woman guitarist in the segregated South.
For 25 years, her guitar sat silent. She worked hard, raised her child, and persevered. The girl who wrote “Freight Train” at 11 became a woman whose hands cleaned homes instead of playing chords.
Music became a memory — a dream paused so survival could continue.
Then, in 1948, at age 55, Elizabeth took a job with the Seeger family in Washington, D.C.
The Seegers were no ordinary family. Ruth Crawford Seeger was a composer. Her husband, Charles, was a musicologist. Their children — Mike, Peggy, and their half-brother Pete Seeger — were becoming icons of the American folk movement.
Elizabeth worked as their housekeeper. She cleaned and cooked while music filled the home.
One day, while shopping with a teenage Peggy Seeger, Elizabeth mentioned that she used to play guitar.
“Show me,” Peggy said.
Elizabeth picked up a guitar, turned it upside down, and began to play.
Peggy was astonished. The technique was like nothing she had ever seen — melody in the bass, rhythm in the treble, completely reversed yet perfectly beautiful. She rushed home to tell her family: their housekeeper was a musical treasure.
The Seegers invited Elizabeth to play for them. She performed “Freight Train,” the song she had written over forty years earlier. The family was captivated.
Pete Seeger asked if he could perform the song publicly. Elizabeth agreed. Soon, “Freight Train” was being sung at festivals and gatherings across America.
At 62, Elizabeth Cotten was rediscovered.
In 1958, Folkways Records began recording her music. Her debut album, Folksongs and Instrumentals with Guitar, introduced the world to “Cotten picking” — the name given to her one-of-a-kind left-handed, upside-down style.
She played with her thumb carrying the melody on the bass strings and her fingers picking rhythm on the treble strings. It sounded like two guitars playing together — rich, graceful, and deeply human.
Musicians were inspired everywhere. Doc Watson learned from her. Joan Baez covered “Freight Train.” Jerry Garcia called her an influence. Taj Mahal studied her technique. She became a legend of the folk revival — not as a novelty, but as a true master.
Elizabeth toured widely. She played at festivals, appeared on television, and shared stages with the very musicians she once worked for. At an age when most people were slowing down, she was just beginning.
She kept performing into her 80s. Her fingers, weathered by decades of housework, still moved effortlessly across the strings.
In 1984, Elizabeth Cotten won a Grammy Award for Best Ethnic or Traditional Folk Recording. She was 90 years old.
She accepted the honor with humility, the same way she had lived — no resentment for the years lost, no anger for the late recognition. Only gratitude that the music had come back to her.
Elizabeth passed away in 1987 at age 94 in Syracuse, New York, surrounded by her family.
“Freight Train” has since been covered hundreds of times — by folk singers, bluegrass artists, and rock musicians alike. Many who play it don’t know that Elizabeth Cotten wrote it at 11, stopped playing for decades, and won a Grammy at 90. They just know it’s a song filled with longing, hope, and movement.
Elizabeth Cotten came from humble beginnings — a childhood in North Carolina where a $3.75 guitar from Sears was a distant dream. She taught herself to play upside down because no one told her not to.
She wrote “Freight Train” as a child, put it away to survive, and rediscovered it decades later.
She worked as a maid into her 60s, cleaning homes for musicians while her own music waited inside her.
Then one day, someone asked her to play — and everything she’d hidden away came back.
She was 62 when she was found again. She was 90 when the world finally celebrated her.
She had heart. She had rhythm. And a $3.75 guitar turned upside down.
Elizabeth Cotten proved it’s never too late — that lost years don’t mean lost dreams. That the songs you set aside for survival can return when life gives you space to breathe.
She wrote “Freight Train” at 11. She played it again at 90, holding a Grammy in her hands.
The train she once sang about — the one she longed to ride toward freedom — finally came.
It was just 79 years late.