09/13/2025
1814 - Sept 13 - THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER IS WRITTEN
On September 13, 1814, an attorney -- Francis Scott Key -- was being held captive on board one of the British vessels that was attacking the city of Baltimore and bombarding the American Fort McHenry which guards the Baltimore harbor. He was inspired by the sight of a large American flag which was still flying at daybreak, in spite of the devastating bombardment of the previous evening.
Originally titled "The Defense of Fort McHenry," the poem was later changed to "The Star Spangled Banner" and set to music. In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson directed that the anthem be played at all official government events, and on March 3, 1931 Congress declared it the official anthem of the United States.
The poem/anthem was written with four stanzas - reprinted below - but the second, third, and fourth are rarely performed, although they are as meaningful as the first.
THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER - Francis Scott Key
Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?
Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight,
O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?
And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.
Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,
What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?
Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,
In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:
'Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh long may it wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!
And where is that band who so vauntingly swore
That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion,
A home and a country should leave us no more!
Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution.
No refuge could save the hireling and slave
From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave:
And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!
Oh! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand
Between their loved home and the war's desolation!
Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n rescued land
Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation.
Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,
And this be our motto: "In God is our trust."
And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave