26/04/2025
Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a psychological framework that organises human motivations into five levels, often depicted as a pyramid. At its foundation lies the physiological need, which is the most basic requirement for human survival. These include essentials such as food, water, shelter, sleep, and warmth. Without fulfilling these fundamental needs, individuals cannot focus on higher-order pursuits. Physiological needs are universal and remain the driving force behind human behaviour when unmet, creating a strong foundation for all other tiers.
The second level of the hierarchy is safety needs, which extend beyond physical survival to a sense of security and stability. Safety needs encompass protection from harm, financial security, health, and well-being, as well as the structure provided by laws and societal order. When individuals feel unsafe, their focus shifts to reestablishing stability and protecting themselves from physical or emotional threats, hindering their ability to pursue higher aspirations.
Love and belonging, the third tier, reflects humans' innate need for connection and relationships. At this level, individuals seek friendships, family bonds, intimacy, and acceptance within social groups. Maslow emphasised the importance of meaningful interpersonal connections for emotional well-being and personal development. Without a sense of belonging, individuals may experience loneliness, isolation, or a diminished sense of identity.
The fourth tier is esteem needs, which are divided into two categories: self-esteem and the respect of others. This level focuses on confidence, accomplishment, and recognition, as individuals strive for personal achievement and validation. Fulfilling esteem needs supports feelings of self-worth and independence, while an absence can lead to insecurity or a lack of motivation.
At the pinnacle of Maslow's hierarchy lies self-actualisation, the realisation of an individual's full potential. This tier represents the pursuit of personal growth, creativity, and the fulfilment of unique talents or passions. Self-actualisation is deeply individual and varies from person to person. It could involve artistic expression, professional mastery, or a commitment to societal causes. Maslow believed that reaching self-actualisation is the ultimate goal and reflects true psychological well-being.
