03/06/2025
An A+ For C Students
Grade Inflation is on the rise
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Years ago, a City High teacher felt pressured by students, parents and administrators to curve subjective tests–these are tests that couldn’t be auto-graded–more harshly. In response, their grading policy changed to reflect the increasing demands of students who wanted higher grades for the same quality of work. This is an example of grade inflation, a phenomenon where average letter grades go up without an increase in student understanding.
According to the ACT, grade inflation is when the letters grades given do not match with students’ knowledge and mastery of content. Mastery is how well students learned the information they were tested on and how well they can continue to use it. So if students get an A but cannot truly apply the information, that is grade inflation. Evidence of whether or not students have mastered content usually comes from standardized test scores like the ACT or ISASPS. The SAT is not as helpful because it is graded on a curve and so the scores depend on who takes it and what they get.
From 2010 to 2022, the average high school GPA rose in all subjects, but the growth is most pronounced in math, according to the ACT. In 2010, it was 3.02, and in 2022, it increased to 3.32. As well as average GPA, the average percentage of As has increased as the number of B’s and C’s has decreased.
Though grades have increased, ACT scores from 2010 to 2022 have remained mostly the same, with a 0.6 decrease from 21.3 to 20.7. The biggest deficit was in math, with 1.2 points lost. The increase in average GPA paired with the steadiness of ACT scores shows that although letter grades have increased, student proficiency of national standards has not.
High school standardized test scores in math have also decreased, according to the Nation’s Report Card. From 2013 to 2019, the percentage of Grade 12 students below the basic level of achievement in math went from 35 to 40. The percentage of students below basic achievement for reading across the same time frame also went up from 25 to 30.
Story by Martha Willard
Graphic by Lily Rantanen
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