09/09/2025
Portrait of a Bisharin girl with braided hair, beads and long tunic in Egypt, circa 1910.
The Bisharin are a subgroup of the Beja people, traditionally living in the Eastern Desert region that stretches between southern Egypt, Sudan, and parts of the Red Sea coast.
They are one of the oldest nomadic groups in the area, with a history that goes back thousands of years, and their way of life has long been shaped by the harsh desert environment. Traditionally, the Bisharin were pastoralists, herding camels, goats, and sheep, and moving seasonally in search of water and grazing land.
They speak a Beja language (often called Bedawiyet), though many also use Arabic, especially in modern times. Culturally, they are known for their distinctive hairstyles, ornaments, and clothing. Women, in particular, were often recognized by their braided hair decorated with beads and shells, along with flowing tunics and jewelry, while men wore simpler garments suited to nomadic travel. Their music, oral traditions, and poetry remain central to their identity.
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Western travelers often encountered the Bisharin and described them in journals and photographs, sometimes romanticizing their “desert life,” though usually without much regard for their own perspectives.
Today, many Bisharin communities still exist, but modernization, urbanization, and economic pressures have changed much of their nomadic lifestyle, with many settling in towns or working in other trades.