09/14/2025
ERECTED TO THE EXPLORERS, FUR TRADERS,
MISSIONARIES, SOLDIERS, AND PIONEERS
WHO MADE AN INDIAN TRAIL THE COLVILLE WALLA WALLA -1811
EASTERN WASHINGTON HISTORICAL SOCIETY
We discovered another roadside monument for the Colville/Walla Walla Road along highway 2 near Reardon tonight.
Fort Colville Road -1811
from a Native American trail into a formal military road in Spokane:
Long before European settlers arrived, the path that became Fort Colville Road was part of an extensive network of Indigenous trails weaving through the Inland Northwest. These trails connected villages, seasonal camps, and trade centers, guiding Native peoples through the rich landscapes of the Spokane region with deep familiarity and purpose.
In the early 19th century, the Hudson’s Bay Company adopted these trails for its fur trade operations, establishing posts like Spokane House and Fort Colvile near Kettle Falls. Their brigade routes followed Indigenous corridors, adapting and expanding them for the demands of trade and travel. When the Oregon Treaty of 1846 placed the territory under U.S. control, the military recognized the importance of these established routes. In 1859, Brevet Major Pinkney Lugenbeel was tasked with building Fort Colville to protect settlers and resources. His efforts formalized and improved the trail, creating what became known as the Fort Walla Walla–Fort Colville Military Road, a critical supply and communication line.
This transformation from trail to road was more than infrastructure—it marked a shift in land use, sovereignty, and the unfolding of regional history. While modern roads now overlay much of this route, the legacy of Fort Colville Road remains as a thread connecting Indigenous heritage, colonial enterprise, and the militarized shaping of Spokane’s landscape.