12/05/2024
In 1492 and again in 1498, when the Sephardic Jews were expelled from Spain and Portugal respectively, some took it as a call from heaven to migrate to the Land of Israel, which changed hands from Mamluks to Ottomans after the second Ottoman–Mamluk war.
By the late 16th century, Safed had become a center of Kabbalah, inhabited by important rabbis and scholars. Among them were Rabbis Yakov bi Rav, Moses ben Jacob Cordovero, Yosef Karo, Abraham ben Eliezer Halevi and Isaac Luria. At this time there was a small community in Jerusalem headed by Rabbi Levi ibn Haviv also known as the Mahralbach. In 1620 Rabbi Yeshaye Horowitz, the Shelah Hakadosh, arrived from Prague.
In 1700, Judah HeHasid, a maggid of Shedlitz, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth made aliyah and settled in Jerusalem. A group of over 1500 Ashkenazi Jews came with him, although some sources claim only 300 actually arrived. At that time, the Jewish population of the Old City of Jerusalem was primarily Sephardic: 200 Ashkenazi Jews compared with a Sephardi community of 1000. The Ashkenazi immigrants heeded the call of Judah HeHasid, who went from town to town advocating a return to the Land of Israel to redeem its soil.
In the 18th century, groups of Hasidim and Perushim settled in Eretz Yisrael, Ottoman Southern Syria at the time. In 1764 Rabbi Nachman of Horodenka, a disciple and father-in-law of the Baal Shem Tov settled in Tiberias. According to "Aliyos to Eretz Yisrael," he was already in Southern Syria in 1750.
In 1777, the Hasidic leaders Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk and Rabbi Avraham of Kaliski, disciples of the maggid Dov Ber of Mezeritch, settled in the area. Misnagdim began arriving in 1780. Most of them settled in Safed or Tiberias, but a few established an Ashkenazi Jewish community in Jerusalem, rebuilding the ruins of the Hurva Synagogue, the destroyed synagogue of Judah HeHasid.
Petah Tikva was founded in 1878 by Haredi Jewish settlers from Europe.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Yishuv