23/09/2026
One of the most peculiar planets ever studied has been observed by the James Webb Space Telescope. This planet, named PSR J2322-2650b, has a mass comparable to that of Jupiter and orbits an extreme stellar remnant known as a pulsar.
The planet is extraordinarily close to its host star, situated only about 1 million miles away. It completes one full orbit in just 7.8 hours. This proximity leads to dramatic consequences: the pulsar's immense gravity distorts the planet into an elongated shape, which NASA describes as resembling a lemon. This is not merely an artistic interpretation; strong tidal forces are physically deforming the entire planet.
However, its unusual shape is not the only aspect that raises questions. Observations from the Webb Telescope revealed an atmosphere primarily composed of helium and molecular carbon, including compounds C₂ and C₃. This composition is unlike any other planetary atmosphere previously studied. The presence of molecular carbon is particularly intriguing because carbon typically bonds with more abundant elements, such as oxygen and nitrogen. Its dominance suggests that these elements might be extremely scarce in the atmosphere.
Temperatures on PSR J2322-2650b are also extreme, with NASA reporting values ranging from about 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit on the cooler night side to approximately 3,700 degrees Fahrenheit on the hotter day side. Researchers believe that soot-like carbon clouds may form in the atmosphere, and deeper within the planet, carbon could potentially condense into diamond.
The system is so unusual that scientists are still debating its formation. It may be associated with a "black widow" system, where a pulsar gradually strips material from a companion star. However, PSR J2322-2650b does not fit into any familiar categories. Its atmosphere, shape, and evolutionary history remain challenging to explain. The Webb Telescope has not only discovered a bizarre planet but has also identified a world that current formation models struggle to understand.
Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI.