05/12/2023
December 5th/6th: St. Nicholas Eve/Day
I’m going to give some brief information about St. Nicholas’s Eve/Day from Germany, Romania, Hungary, and France.
I’m so excited because one year ago I started making this ancestral calendar and St. Nicholas Eve was the first holiday/observance I started with. I had a lot of fun. I was visiting my mother and I filled a pair of her boots with a bunch of goodies. I was teaching her about what I had learned about various ancestral practices and showing her videos, etc.
As I’ve said before, I’m looking at holidays or observances that my ancestors may have participated in. I’m trying to figure out if there are any known pagan roots to these events or if I can add my own pagan practices to them.
Some suggest that St. Nicholas was the basis for Santa Clause and Odin/Woden may have inspired Santa but as the link below shows the Santa-Odin connection is flimsy.
Some religious historians and experts in folklore believe that there is no valid evidence to indicate that St. Nicholas ever existed as a human. In fact, there are quite a few indicators that his life story was simply recycled from those of Pagan gods.
Many other ancient Pagan gods and goddesses were similarly Christianized in the early centuries of the Church. His legends seems to have been mainly created out of myths attributed to the Greek God Poseidon, the Roman God Neptune, and the Teutonic God Hold Nickar.
“In the popular imagination [of many Russians] he became the heir of Mikoula, the god of harvest, ‘who will replace God, when God becomes too old.’ ”
When the church created the persona of St. Nicholas, they adopted Poseidon’s title “the Sailor.” They seem to have picked up his last name from Nickar. Various temples of Poseidon became shrines of St. Nicholas.
“In medieval England… in tiny sea ports we find the typical little chapel built on an eminence and looking out to sea.”
St. Nicholas also adopted some of the qualities of “The Grandmother” or Befana from Italy. She was said to have filled children’s stockings with gifts. Her shrine at Bari was also converted into a shrine to St. Nicholas.
The Christian church created a fictional life history for St. Nicholas. He was given the name Hagios Nikolaos (a.k.a. St. Nicholas of Myra).
In the 19th century, St. Nicholas was superseded in much of Europe by Christkindlein, the Christ child, who delivered gifts in secret to the children. He traveled with a dwarf-like helper called Pelznickel (a.k.a. Belsnickle) or with St. Nicholas-like figures. Eventually, all three were combined into the image that we now know as Santa Claus. “Christkindlein” became Kriss Kringle.
Here’s some info about St. Nicholas Eve/Day in these 4 countries.
In Germany, On Nikolasusanbend (St. Nicholas Eve) & Nikolaustag (St. Nicholas Day) children get apples, nuts and toys. As in many European countries, on the eve of December 6 children place a shoe or boot by the fireplace. During the night, Saint Nicholas, the patron saint of children, travels from house to house carrying a book of sins in which all the misdeeds of the children are written. If they have been good, he fills the shoe or boot with delicious holiday edibles. If they have not been good, their shoes are filled with twigs.
In Romania, St. Nicholas's Day is also observed on December 6. On the eve of St. Nicholas's Day, children place their boots or shoes near an entrance where Moș Nicolae (Old Nicholas) can fill them with candy and treats. Naughty children receive sticks.
Christmas in Hungary is the greatest festival of the year. Christmas celebrations begin on December 6 and last until the New Year. Christmas is called "Szent-este," meaning "Holy Evening."
Hungarians often exchange presents on two occasions. Christmas celebrations start on December 6, when Mikulas (Santa Claus) visits Hungary accompanied by Krampusz (the devil). Children leave their shoes or boots on the windowsill for Mikulas to fill. Mikulas wears bishop's robes, has a miter on his head, and holds a staff. He has a sack full of toys and gifts on his other hand. The devil has dry twigs in his hand to hit naughty children. Mikulas usually stuffs the children's boots with goodies such as walnuts, tangerines, candies, apples, dates, and chocolate.
In France, the holiday season usually begins on December 5, St. Nicholas Eve. Many years ago, French nuns began leaving gifts secretly at the homes of poor families with children on St. Nicholas Eve. Now French children leave their shoes by the fireplace or radiator hoping to receive gifts.
Sources:
https://talesoftimesforgotten.com/2021/12/27/no-santa-claus-is-not-inspired-by-odin/
https://chucklarkin.com/stories/Christmas_1.pdf
Barbara G. Walker, “The Woman’s Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets.” Harper & Row, (1983) Pages 725 to 726.
“St. Nicholas of Bari (Fourth Century),” Catholic Information Network, at: http://www.cin.org/nichbari.html
https://www.google.com/books/edition/Lancashire_Folk_lore_Illustrative_of_the/SOcE_kzT4OIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Hold+Nickar%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT74&printsec=frontcover
https://www.google.com/books/edition/Words_of_a_Feather_An_Etymological_Expla/rie3DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Hold+Nickar%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT150&printsec=frontcover
The Psychedelic Gospels: The Secret History of Hallucinogens in Christianity stated that It is said that Saint Nicholas's legends were created mainly out of folk tales about the Teutonic god Hold Nickar, a malevolent water spirit who tips over boats and torments sailors, or even about Alte Hoerner, which stands for "Old Horney"