Why are we here?:
It's easier to be silent than to speak...
But, we give up our freedom by not speaking out. We support the people of this nation, of every colour and race who fear for their safety and futures. The right to live and breath without fear for our lives. We stand against FEAR AND INTIMIDATION of any kind. We stand against VIOLENCE AND VENGEANCE against any population group towards a
nother. We support a VOICE OF REASON in times of peril and distress. Let no one speak out here against a person or race, but rather wrong or corrupt ideals that history has proven destroys entire nations. THIS IS THE VOICE OF A SOUTH AFRICAN NEWS REPORT - THE CITIZEN'S PERSPECTIVE.
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As a citizen of this nation, I have decided to investigate and report here on this group about the state of our nation at present: crimes, strikes, uprisings but in particular with regard to possible connection between the current Mine workers and truck driver's strikes, and the murder of and attacks on 'white' farmers in our nation. In particular: are we facing genocide here and in the middle of low key civil war? I have seen very little if any news coverage of this in the way of weaving together the 'true' motives behind this, and as a concerned citizen with a voice, I've decided to inform and alert the many international contacts that I have, that being all of you. We can see that due to increase in global networking, many of us have formed close relationships, so the common problems and needs of our nations, are being addressed in various forums out there. It seems that there is more current and up to date information on these social sites then we are able to obtain from the popular news and media sites. My angle: is to report on the threat of destabilization of this nation and genocide of minority groups. My perspective: Having experienced as a child the change of government in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, as I lived there for 3 years during that time of conflict, only to have to flee in late 1982.Then returned 11 years later to complete my education, to only witness the decline of that nation too. I now am witnessing the same downward trend here in my country of birth. So, my perspective is that of concern and deep grief over what is transpiring here. My objective: is to tell the world our story from a concerned and worried, citizen's perspective. Note to Audience: I loathe sensationalism, and do not want this to become a 'conspiracy' report but a genuine factual account of what is actually going on here in South Africa. Hate speech AND ANY OTHER derogatory commentary, that lead to strife and conflict between followers will not be tolerated here. THE PENDING QUESTION IS:
Is it possible the threat of destabilizing our nation is more potent than we give it credence for? This question looms before all South African Citizens. What concerns me is I do not see anyone seriously addressing in our local news, or globally for that matter. In how much danger are we as 'White' minority or any other South Africans from any ethnic minority;'Coloured'(Of Caucasian/Malay/African mix), 'Indian' etc, from full out Genocide? I believe we honestly need to know...our future depends on this, as do our children's, regardless of our race or colour in this nation, we all will be very grievously affected by this. If we do not stand together as a nation we will collapse and just become another African statistic. Yours in local community news report
THE CITIZEN'S PERSPECTIVE
IMPORTANT NOTE TO ALL MEMBERS - GROUP RULES:
You will observe here what is occurring in South Africa, and perhaps southern Africa as well, as many of you are from neighboring nations. The purpose of this forum is to give personal and accurate accounts of what we as citizens are observing here, so as to reach the global community. Much of our local news is limited and reports are often vague. I do not want this to be a conspiracy column...this is not my intention. Nor is it political, gender or race based. We may focus on certain race groups who are being effected by 'racially' motivated, or other related causes, but our intentions are not take sides in this at all. We simply want to address the facts as they are presented and the reasons that lie behind what we are experiencing and witnessing. You are welcome to post links, but wherever possible, please it must be from sites that do not show racial bias or have hate speech against any nationality. We are seeking out deceptive ideologies and theories, policies etc. not people caught up the the delusion thereof. We know this can be hard to do in some circumstances. (See Disclaimer below). Generally we want facts NOT BIASED FICTION AND CONSPIRACY THEORIES!!! To the overseas members, you are welcome to contribute here and share as well, even with others you may know, to get the plight of our nation highlighted by the greater global community. There may be a chance that certain other news sites or reporters may be referred or stumble upon this group. Please, then keep in mind that because of this, any emotionally jaded comments and bias, will result in your permanent removal from this forum. WE ARE HERE TO BOND TOGETHER TO MERELY REPORT AND PERHAPS FIND SOLUTIONS TO OUR NATIONS PROBLEMS NOT TO CREATE MORE. The Citizen's Perspective - Group Originator
DISCLAIMER: All articles and posts copied here on 'A South African News Report - A Citizen's Perspective' have been independently written by numerous authors found on various news and media reports. The views of users published and posted on this group are therefore their own and do not necessarily represent the views of 'A South African News Report - A Citizen's Perspective'. We simply are reporting from different sources, the many different viewpoints of the current and past situation in South Africa. Further more,'A South African News Report - A Citizen's Perspective' administrator also reserve the right to edit or delete any and all comments received. GENOCIDE DEFINITIONS:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of scholarly and international legal definitions of genocide,[1] a word coined with genos (Greek: birth, kind, race) and an English suffix -cide by Raphael Lemkin in 1944.[2] While there are various definitions of the term, almost all international bodies of law officially adjudicate the crime of genocide pursuant to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG).[3]
This and other definitions are generally regarded by the majority of genocide scholars to have an "intent to destroy" as a requirement for any act to be labeled genocide; there is also growing agreement on the inclusion of the physical destruction criterion.[4]
Writing in 1998 Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson stated that the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise. As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibility that others lack, other definitions have also been postulated. Jonassohn and Björnson go on to say that for various reasons, none of these alternative definitions have gained widespread support.[5]
Date Author Definition
1944 Raphael Lemkin By 'genocide' we mean the destruction of an ethnic group . . . . Generally speaking, genocide does not necessarily mean the immediate destruction of a nation, except when accomplished by mass killings of all members of a nation. It is intended rather to signify a coordinated plan of different actions aiming at the destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the groups themselves. The objectives of such a plan would be disintegration of the political and social institutions, of culture, language, national feelings, religion, and the economic existence of national groups, and the destruction of the personal security, liberty, health, dignity, and even the lives of the individuals belonging to such groups . . .. (Axis Rule in Occupied Europe ix. 79)[2][6]
1945 Count 3 of the indictment of the 24 N**i leaders at the Nuremberg Trials They (the defendants) conducted deliberate and systematic genocide - viz., the extermination of racial and national groups - against the civilian populations of certain occupied territories in order to destroy particular races and classes of people, and national, racial or religious groups, particularly Jews, Poles, Gypsies and others.[7][8]
1946 Raphael Lemkin The crime of genocide should be recognized therein as a conspiracy to exterminate national, religious or racial groups. The overt acts of such a conspiracy may consist of attacks against life, liberty or property of members of such groups merely because of their affiliation with such groups. The formulation of the crime may be as follows: "Whoever, while participating in a conspiracy to destroy a national, racial or religious group, undertakes an attack against life, liberty or property of members of such groups is guilty of the crime of genocide. (Genocide, American Scholar, Volume 15, no. 2 (April 1946), p. 227-230)[8]
1946 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 96 (I) (11 December) Genocide is a denial of the right of existence of entire human groups, as homicide is the denial of the right to live of individual human beings; such denial of the right of existence shocks the conscience of mankind, ... and is contrary to moral law and to the spirit and aims of the United Nations. ...
The General Assembly, therefore, affirms that genocide is a crime under international law ... whether the crime is committed on religious, racial, political or any other grounds ...[9]
1948 The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 9 December 1948 and came into effect on 12 January 1951 (Resolution 260 (III)). Article 2: Any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. (Article 2 CPPCG)
1959 Peter Drost Genocide is the deliberate destruction of physical life of individual human beings by reason of their membership of any human collectivity as such. (The Crime of State, Volume 2, Leiden, 1959, p. 125.)[10][11]
1975 Vahakn Dadrian Genocide is the successful attempt by a dominant group, vested with formal authority and/or with preponderant access to the overall resources of power, to reduce by coercion or lethal violence the number of a minority group whose ultimate extermination is held desirable and useful and whose respective vulnerability is a major factor contributing to the decision for genocide. (A Typology of Genocide)[12]
1976 Irving Louis Horowitz [Genocide is] a structural and systematic destruction of innocent people by a state bureaucratic apparatus. . . . Genocide represents a systematic effort over time to liquidate a national population, usually a minority . . . [and] functions as a fundamental political policy to assure conformity and participation of the citizenry. (Genocide: State Power and Mass Murder)[13]
1981 Leo Kuper I shall follow the definition of genocide given in the [UN] Convention. This is not to say that I agree with the definition. On the contrary, I believe a major omission to be in the exclusion of political groups from the list of groups protected. In the contemporary world, political differences are at the very least as significant a basis for massacre and annihilation as racial, national, ethnic or religious differences. Then too, the genocides against racial, national, ethnic or religious groups are generally a consequence of, or intimately related to, political conflict. However, I do not think it helpful to create new definitions of genocide, when there is an internationally recognized definition and a Genocide Convention which might become the basis for some effective action, however limited the underlying conception. But since it would vitiate the analysis to exclude political groups, I shall refer freely . . . to liquidating or exterminatory actions against them. (Genocide: Its Political Use in the Twentieth Century)[14]
1982 Jack Nusan Porter Genocide is the deliberate destruction, in whole or in part, by a government or its agents, of a racial, sexual, religious, tribal or political minority. It can involve not only mass murder, but also starvation, forced deportation, and political, economic and biological subjugation. Genocide involves three major components: ideology, technology, and bureaucracy/organization.[15]
1984 Yehuda Bauer [Genocide is] the planned destruction, since the mid-nineteenth century, of a racial, national, or ethnic group as such, by the following means: (a) selective mass murder of elites or parts of the population; (b) elimination of national (racial, ethnic) culture and religious life with the intent of "denationalization"; (c) enslavement, with the same intent; (d) destruction of national (racial, ethnic) economic life, with the same intent; (e) biological decimation through the kidnapping of children, or the prevention of normal family life, with the same intent. . . . [Holocaust is] the planned physical annihilation, for ideological or pseudo-religious reasons, of all the members of a national, ethnic, or racial group.[15][16]
1987 Tony Barta My conception of a genocidal society – as distinct from a genocidal state – is one in which the bureaucratic apparatus might officially be directed to protect innocent people but in which a whole race is nevertheless subject to remorseless pressures of destruction inherent in the very nature of the society. ("Relations of Genocide: Land and Lives in the Colonization of Australia", pp. 239–240.)[17] (see also Australian genocide debate)
1987 Isidor Wallimann and Michael N. Dobkowski Genocide is the deliberate, organized destruction, in whole or in large part, of racial or ethnic groups by a government or its agents. It can involve not only mass murder, but also forced deportation (ethnic cleansing), systematic r**e, and economic and biological subjugation. (Genocide and the Modern Age: Etiology and Case Studies of Mass Death. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2000. Reissue of an early work.)[18]
1988 Henry Huttenbach Genocide is any act that puts the very existence of a group in jeopardy. (Locating the Holocaust on the genocide spectrum: towards a methodology of definition and categorization, Holocaust and Genocide Studies. Vol 3, No 3, pp 289–303.)[19][20]
1988 Helen Fein Genocide is a series of purposeful actions by a perpetrator(s) to destroy a collectivity through mass or selective murders of group members and suppressing the biological and social reproduction of the collectivity. This can be accomplished through the imposed proscription or restriction of reproduction of group members, increasing infant mortality, and breaking the linkage between reproduction and socialization of children in the family or group of origin. The perpetrator may represent the state of the victim, another state, or another collectivity. (Genocide: A Sociological Perspective, London)[11][19]
1988 Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr the promotion and ex*****on of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality.(Toward empirical theory of genocides and politicides, International Studies Quarterly, 37:3, 1988)[21]
1990 Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn Genocide is a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group, as that group and membership in it are defined by the perpetrator. (The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies, Yale University Press)[19][22][23]
1990 John L. P. Thompson and Gail A. Quets In short, given the problems which arise from restrictions, we define genocide as the destruction of a group by purposive action. This allows the role of intentional action to be explored, different subtypes of genocide to be compared, and the impact of different factors on genocide to be examined empirically. ("Genocide and Social Conflict: A Partial Theory and Comparison", p. 248)[24]
1993 Helen Fein Genocide is sustained purposeful action by a perpetrator to physically destroy a collectivity directly or indirectly, through interdiction of the biological and social reproduction of group members, sustained regardless of the surrender or lack of threat offered by the victim. (Genocide: A Sociological Perspective, 1993/1990)[21][25]
1994 Steven T. Katz [Genocide is] the actualization of the intent, however successfully carried out, to murder in its totality any national, ethnic, racial, religious, political, social, gender or economic group, as these groups are defined by the perpetrator, by whatever means.(The Holocaust in Historical Perspective, Vol. 1, 1994) [Modified by Adam Jones in 2000 to read, "murder in whole or in substantial part. ..."][22][25]
1994 Israel Charny Genocide in the generic sense means the mass killing of substantial numbers of human beings, when not in the course of military action against the military forces of an avowed enemy, under conditions of the essential defencelessness of the victim. (Genocide: Conceptual and Historical Dimensions ed. George Andreopoulos)[22][25][26]
1996 Irving Louis Horowitz Genocide is herein defined as a structural and systematic destruction of innocent people by a state bureaucratic apparatus [emphasis in original]. . . . Genocide mean the physical dismemberment and liquidation of people on large scales, an attempt by those who rule to achieve the total elimination of a subject people.[25][27]
2002 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Article 6 of the Rome Statute provides that ‘genocide’ means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such (a) Killing members of the group; (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
2003 Barbara Harff Genocides and politicides are the promotion, ex*****on, and/or implied consent of sustained policies by governing elites or their agents — or, in the case of civil war either of the contending authorities — that are intended to destroy, in whole or part, a communal, political, or politicized ethnic group.[25]
2007 Martin Shaw Genocide is a form of violent social conflict or war, between armed power organizations that aim to destroy civilian social groups and those groups and other actors who resist this destruction. Genocidal action is action in which armed power organizations treat civilian social groups as enemies and aim to destroy their real or putative social power, by means of killing, violence and coercion against individuals whom they regard as members of the groups.[28]
2009 Dovid Katz Genocide is the mass murder of as many people as possible on the basis of born national, ethnic, racial or religious identity as such; with intent to eliminate the targeted group entirely and internationally; without allowing the victims any option to change views, beliefs or allegiances to save themselves; and with large-scale accomplished fulfilment of the goal. Genocide leaves in its wake an extinct or nearly extinct group within the territory under the control of the perpetrators.[29]
