11/06/2024
Every six minutes, someone in the United States is diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease – nearly 90,000 new cases each year – and a projected 1.2 million people will be living with the condition by 2030. In recognition of April's Parkinson’s Awareness Month, we offer a look at the signs, symptoms, and treatment available to those living with this disease.
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder primarily affecting movement. Here are some of the most important aspects to understand about Parkinson's Disease:
1. Symptoms: The hallmark symptoms of Parkinson's Disease include tremors, bradykinesia (slowed movement), rigidity (stiffness in the limbs and trunk), and postural instability (difficulty with balance and coordination). These motor symptoms often start on one side of the body and eventually affect both sides as the disease progresses.
2. Non-Motor Symptoms: Parkinson's Disease can also present as a range of non-motor symptoms, including cognitive changes (such as difficulty with memory and executive function), mood disorders (such as depression and anxiety), sleep disturbances, constipation, loss of sense of smell, and autonomic dysfunction (such as hypotension and urinary problems).
3. Diagnosis There is no specific test for Parkinson's Disease, so diagnosis is based primarily on medical history, a physical examination, and the presence of characteristic symptoms. Neuroimaging techniques such as MRI and DaTscan may be used to help rule out other conditions that can mimic PD.
4. Progression: Parkinson's Disease is progressive, meaning symptoms worsen over time. However, the rate of progression varies from person to person. In some cases, individuals may experience relatively mild symptoms for many years, while in others, the progression may be more rapid and
debilitating.
5. Causes: The exact cause of Parkinson's Disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Mutations in certain genes, have been linked to an increased risk of developing PD. Environmental factors such as exposure to particular toxins may also play a role.
6. Neurodegeneration: Parkinson's Disease is characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons in the brain, particularly in an area called the substantia nigra, which is involved in the production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate movement. As dopamine levels decrease, the motor symptoms of PD become more pronounced.
7. Treatment: While there is currently no cure for Parkinson's Disease, there are medications and therapies available to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Dopamine replacement therapy, using medications such as levodopa and dopamine, is the mainstay of treatment for motor symptoms. Other medications may be prescribed to address non-motor symptoms, and physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy can also be beneficial. Exercise programs designed especially for people with PD such as Rock Steady Boxing are available nationally.
8. Lifestyle Factors: While medication and therapy are important components of managing Parkinson's Disease, lifestyle factors such as regular exercise, healthy diet, adequate sleep, and social engagement can also have a significant impact on symptom management and overall
well-being.
9. Surgical Interventions: In some cases, surgical interventions such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be recommended for individuals with advanced Parkinson's Disease who are not adequately controlled with medication. DBS involves implanting electrodes into specific areas of the brain and using a pacemaker-like device to deliver electrical stimulation, which can help alleviate motor symptoms.
10. Support Network: Parkinson's Disease can be challenging to manage, both for individuals diagnosed with the condition and their caregivers. Building a strong support network that includes healthcare professionals, family members, friends, and support groups (both online and in person) can provide invaluable emotional support and practical assistance throughout the journey with
