03/01/2025
A great way to improve your tree identification skills is to look at several trees growing side by side. When we do this, we easily detect differences in features that otherwise seem similar.
Pictured here are two oak species and two hickory species that grow in eastern North America. Notice the obvious differences. Shagbark hickory (no surprise) has shaggy bark. Mockernut hickory has tightly ridged and furrowed bark. Shingle oak develops lighter colored ridges resembling ski tracks. White oak has the lightest colored bark of all the species mentioned.
Unlike the two hickories, white oak and shingle oak tend to hold onto their dead leaves throughout the winter season — a trait known as marcescence.
Oaks and hickories aren’t too closely related, but they do fill similar ecological niches. Both groups provide sources of hard mast (acorns and hickory nuts) for animals including humans, squirrels, chipmunks, jays, woodpeckers, turkeys, and while-tailed deer. Both groups serve as host plants for caterpillars of several butterflies and moths. Both groups associate with a large number of fungi and lichens.
With only a few weeks of winter left, we can still make significant progress with our winter tree identification skills. Spend lots of time with trees. Be observant. Be curious. Ask lots of questions, and enjoy the process!