06/08/2025
Today marks the 60th anniversary of the 1965 Voting Rights Act (VRA) becoming law. After decades of fighting discriminatory and unfair voting laws and practices, the VRA effectively enforced voting rights for all U.S. citizens. Voter registration for minority groups, particularly Black Americans, skyrocketed following the passage of the VRA.
Voting rights have expanded throughout the country’s history. In the beginning, with few exceptions, White males who owned a certain amount of property could vote. By the mid-1850s, the property ownership qualification had been erased, but virtually only White males could vote. After the Civil War, voting rights were extended to U.S. citizens regardless of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude” with the 15th Amendment in 1870. In 1920, the 19th Amendment allowed for every U.S. citizen of voting age to vote regardless of s*x. Despite this history, many states, particularly in the Deep South, had restrictions on who could vote.
These restrictions included poll taxes, literacy tests, and even follow-up questions from voting registrars designed to discourage voter registration of “undesirable” people, specifically targeting Black Americans. After the events of Bloody Sunday and the Selma to Montgomery marches, many across the country were encouraged to support the 1965 Voting Rights Act working its way through the legislative branch. Before signing the VRA, President Lyndon B. Johnson called it, “one of the most monumental laws in the entire history of American freedom.”
Today, the 1965 Voting Rights Act lies dormant following the 2013 Shelby County v. Holder decision. The 5-4 decision ruled that Section 4(b) of the VRA was unconstitutional, which determined whether voting jurisdictions covered in the VRA required federal preclearance for any new voting laws or practices. Proponents of the VRA have raised concerns voting restrictions previously outlawed could return or new restrictions would be put in place. Even with these concerns, the impact of the VRA and history of the expansion of voting rights in the United States should be remembered and celebrated.
Photo courtesy of the LBJ Library.