14/08/2025
Rubio’s Attack on Cuba’s Medical Missions Rings Hollow Given U.S. Forced Labor at Home
By Scotty Reid
Secretary of State Marco Rubio has announced that the United States is revoking visas for Brazilian, African, and Caribbean officials linked to Cuba’s long-running overseas medical missions program. The move, Rubio claims, targets “forced labor” practices — an accusation the Cuban government vehemently denies.
Rubio, the son of Cuban immigrants and a longtime critic of the Havana government, points to the Cuban model of sending doctors abroad as an exploitative system where the state retains a large portion of the salaries paid by host nations, and doctors face restrictions on movement and political expression. The State Department says its latest visa revocations apply to officials in Brazil, Grenada, African nations, and Cuba itself.
Cuba, for its part, frames the program as an act of solidarity that has delivered healthcare to underserved communities across the Global South since the 1960s. Johana Tablada, Cuba’s deputy director of U.S. affairs, blasted Rubio on X, accusing him of “financing Israel genocide on Palestine, torturing Cuba, [and] going after health care services for those who need them most.”
The “Forced Labor” Debate
While there is credible evidence that some Cuban doctors experience coercion — from restrictions on travel to reprisals for defecting — many also join voluntarily, seeing the missions as a way to earn more than they could at home and to practice medicine abroad. Human rights experts, including U.N. Special Rapporteurs, have noted that elements of the program could meet the definition of forced labor under international law if participation is not truly free.
But Rubio’s accusation comes with more than a hint of hypocrisy.
The U.S. Has Never Fully Abolished Slavery
The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1865, abolished slavery except “as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.” This exception clause has allowed a vast system of prison labor to flourish in the United States — one that meets many of the same international criteria for forced labor.
Today, over 800,000 incarcerated people work in U.S. prisons. Many are paid between $0 and $0.25 an hour for essential jobs, from producing license plates and furniture to staffing call centers and agricultural fields. In several states, refusal to work can lead to solitary confinement, loss of visitation, or other punishments.
This labor doesn’t just benefit state governments. Over the years, corporate suppliers to McDonald’s, Victoria’s Secret, and even U.S. military contractors have tapped prison labor — an arrangement many see as the modern continuation of slavery by another name.
The United States has faced international criticism over this practice, including from the very U.N. human rights offices it now cites to condemn Cuba.
Glass Houses and Stones
The point here isn’t to deny or dismiss the accounts of Cuban doctors who say they’ve been coerced into overseas postings. But for U.S. officials — especially one leading the State Department — to hold up Cuba as a moral villain while ignoring the exploitation within its own borders is a classic case of throwing stones from a glass house.
If the U.S. government truly wishes to lead on the issue of forced labor, it should start by confronting the legalized slavery embedded in its own Constitution, ending coercive prison labor, and holding American corporations accountable for profiting from it.
Until then, Rubio’s campaign against Cuba’s doctors will look less like a principled stand for human rights and more like a politically motivated attack rooted in Cold War grudges — a selective outrage that says more about U.S. foreign policy priorities than it does about the actual well-being of workers.