24/11/2025
THE FIRST THANKSGIVING: A BRIEF PEACE IN A BROKEN WORLD
by Sasha Alex Lessin, Ph.D. (Anthropology, UCLA)
To learn more about Thanksgiving long before Lincoln made it an American holiday, click https://wp.me/p1TVCy-8Cu
At the opening of the seventeenth century, southern New England thrived with Native towns, councils, and regional confederations. These were the People of the First Light, living in the homeland they called Dawn Land. Their societies were complex, agricultural, diplomatic, and centuries deep.
For generations, they traded with European visitors, but deceitful sailors had also kidnapped Native men and boys to sell as slaves. Permanent European settlement was impossible—not because Natives were primitive, but because the land was already full of people.
European traders introduced a devastating EPIDEMIC starting in 1616. Entire villages collapsed. Confederations fell silent. Up to ninety percent of the New England Algonquians died across several nations.
The Wampanoag Confederation, a coalition of over 30 Algonquian-speaking Native American tribes who lived what's now New England, suffered terribly.
MASSASOIT was the grand sachem (intertribal chief) of all the decimated Wampanoag Indians, who inhabited parts of present Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
He worried that the epidemic had left him with too few living warriors to hold off his rivals, the Narraganset People, whom the White diseases had not reached and who had plenty of warriors, to the Northeast of the Wampanoags. He told his sub-chiefs, "The White people or the Wampanoag will subdue us if we do not recover our population.
White settlers had traded peacefully with the Pokanoket for over 100 years, but slavers, posing as friendly whites, kidnapped a Pokanoket man named Squanto. The slavers took Squanto to Spain, then smuggled him to England, where he learned to speak English well. An English ship had returned Squanto to Patuxet, where he found his people had all died of the epidemic.
ENGLISH SEPARATISTS SHELTERING IN HOLLAND CROSSED THE ATLANTIC & LANDED AT PLYMOUTH
The people later called Pilgrims were actually Separatists, a radical Puritan faction hunted by King James. They fled to Holland and settled in the Dutch city of Leiden. In Leiden, however, the English Separatists were distressed that they were becoming "too Dutch" there.
One of the Leiden Separatists, John Carver, who had been a prosperous businessman back in England, sought investors and petitioned King James of England for a patent in America. Carter negotiated with King James to allow the Separatists to emigrate, and the Separatists elected him as their leader for the journey to America to establish a colony there. He promised investors in the herepayment through fishing.
The Mayflower crossed the Atlantic under punishing conditions, reached Plymouth (in what is now Massachusetts), and agreed to the Mayflower Compact of governance that Carter wrote.
When the Pilgrims arrived at Plymouth (in what would become Massachusetts), Samset distrusted Squanto but needed a translator. Samset assigned another Indian, Hobamok, to observe Squanto.
THE FEAST THAT BECAME A LEGEND
The Pilgrims were starving and unprepared to survive the winter. They robbed Indigenous graves and storage pits to survive, and by winter's end, 44 settlers were dead. One man murmured, "If God does not show mercy, we shall join them soon."
In March 1621, SAMOSET--a subordinate chief of an Eastern Abenaki tribe of Maine, who learned some English from fishermen who came to fish off Monhegan Island--greeted the starving Pilgrims in broken English, Welcome, Englishmen. Your settlement stands on the ruins of Patuxet, a Wampanoag town destroyed by the epidemics.
Five days later, Samoset returned with furs, companions, and SQUANTO, the last remaining member of the Patuxet tribe. Samset distrusted Squanto, but needed a translator. He assigned another Indian, Hobamok, to observe Squanto.
THE FEAST THAT BECAME A LEGEND
Samoset, with Squanto translating, and the Pilgrims negotiated a treaty of peace and mutual protection with the Pilgrims' leader, Carter.
THE FEAST THAT BECAME A LEGEND
By autumn, the settlers had a successful harvest. Grand Sachem Massasoit arrived with ninety warriors and five deer. For three days, Wampanoag and English shared food, contests, and wary friendship. This moment was later mythologized as the "First Thanksgiving," though the English would never have called it that. Their days of Thanksgiving meant fasting and solemn prayer, not feasting.
A Wampanoag woman thinks softly, "Perhaps peace can live here."
But it would not last.
Carver died of sunstroke in April 1621.
The Pilgrims elected William Bradford to succeed Carter. Bradford held that position for most of the remaining 36 years of his life.
SQUANTO'S GAMBIT AND THE CRACKING OF TRUST
Squanto soon leveraged his unique position as the only fluent English-speaking Native. He told neighboring villages he could command English favor or wrath.
Hobamok warned Bradford. When Massasoit learned of the deception, he demanded that Squanto be executed. Bradford resisted—Squanto was too valuable.
An unknown ship suddenly appeared, delaying the handover. Squanto lived another day.
THE SPARK OF VIOLENCE AND THE FLOOD OF SETTLERS
Puritans arrived in increasing numbers. A shipload of sixty new English settlers soon arrived near Boston and abused the Massachusetts people, provoking a plot to eliminate them. Warned, Plymouth launched a preemptive strike, temporarily preventing bloodshed.
Soon, Puritans arrived by the hundreds, then thousands, their theology calling Indigenous peoples "other," "savage," "godless."
Peace dissolved under sheer numbers and rigid ideology.
THE LEGACY
The iconic Thanksgiving feast was not the start of harmony but a pause in a much larger tragedy.
But it was real—a brief moment when two worlds met, fed one another, and hoped for something better.
Remember the truth, not the fairy tale."
The attempted genocide of Native Americans continued for centuries.
The United States, IMHO, owes them apologies and reparations.
GIVE THANKS: A GUIDED REFLECTION
Sit comfortably. Breathe once to quiet the mind.
Then consider:
1. To whom do you owe gratitude?
Not institutions, not abstractions—
but people whose actions shaped your path:
elders, teachers, friends, protectors, healers,
those who fed you, guided you, or stood by you.
2. Who are the ancestors—of blood, spirit, land, or tradition—whose courage made your life possible?
Name them silently.
See them standing behind you.
3. Who have you harmed, knowingly or unknowingly?
To them, silently offer:
"I acknowledge you. May I walk more carefully."
4. And who has harmed you?
To them, say—not to absolve, but to release:
"Your shadow shall not own my future."
5. Finally: What do you vow to protect?
Children, land, community, justice, memory, truth—
or something small but sacred in your own heart.
Carry that vow into the feast and into the year.
*Based on Uncivil History (2018), YouTube
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