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Welcome to the official Thoughty2 page! On this page you’ll find analysis videos, science videos and more!

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30/10/2025

What are the true origins of Halloween? The holiday dates back to the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, marking the end of harvest and the start of winter. Over time, it blended with Christian traditions, becoming All Hallows' Eve, or Halloween. The name stems from "All Hallows' Eve," and traditions like costumes and jack-o'-lanterns evolved from a mix of ancient rituals and modern customs, reflecting shifting cultural beliefs.

29/10/2025

A duck, a rooster and a sheep walk onto a hot air balloon… stop me if you’ve heard this one before. It might sound like a joke, but these animals were actually the first passengers on the test flight of the first hot air balloon in the 1780s. And so began the innovations of airships and other examples of ‘lighter than air’ flight. And you thought Dolly was the original scientific sheep!

28/10/2025

On 22nd September 1979, an American Vela satellite detected something terrifying: a nuclear explosion in the remote ocean between Africa and Antarctica. The tell-tale “double flash” — a signature only nuclear blasts give off — had been caught. But nobody had a clue who did it. Or rather, nobody would admit it.

France was ruled out — they had no reason to test there. But South Africa? Well, they had the motive. They’d been caught preparing a test before and were locked in a Cold War–esque conflict with Angola, with Cuban troops breathing down their necks. But then there’s Israel — a secretive nuclear power that’s never officially admitted it has nukes. And oh look, they had a cosy (and clandestine) alliance with South Africa.

The test site? Suspiciously close to South African islands. Naval bases closed. Rescue teams on alert. Declassified documents later showed both nations were in nuclear bed together. A Soviet spy even claimed the test was real and codenamed Operation Phoenix.

Yet, instead of naming names, the U.S. assembled a panel… not to find out who did it, but to prove it might not have happened at all. Convenient, isn’t it?

Was it a rogue meteorite? Or a quiet, illegal nuclear test that governments would rather we all forget? Whatever the case, the mystery remains officially unresolved. Because sometimes, in geopolitics, the golden rule is: don’t grass on your mates.

27/10/2025

Touching Grass to… Terrorism?
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Ted Kaczynski, also known as the Unabomber, went from a genius harvard graduate at 19, to an anti-technology kook living in the woods, to a domestic terrorist putting homemade bombs in the post. He managed to evade the FBI for 17 years, until he was given up by his own brother.

26/10/2025

If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound? Well, it depends.

Philosophers like George Berkeley argued that nothing exists unless it’s perceived. Scientists, on the other hand, say sound only happens when vibrations hit an ear and get processed by a brain. No ears? No sound. But plants, bizarrely, do respond to vibrations—so from their perspective, the tree might as well be screaming.

Meanwhile, quantum physicists suggest reality itself changes depending on who’s observing it. In short, the universe is weird, and trees might be noisier than we think.

25/10/2025

Tycho Brahe - Danish nobleman, pioneering astronomer, and… moose-lover?

24/10/2025

In 1519, the mighty Aztec Empire ruled 6 million people. By 1521, it was gone—brought down not by a vast army, but by 500 rogue Spaniards led by Hernán Cortés.

Cortés, defying orders, exploited Aztec politics, allied with their enemies, and took Emperor Moctezuma hostage. When the Spanish massacred nobles, the furious Aztecs revolted, killing Moctezuma and forcing the Spanish to flee.

But smallpox did what swords couldn’t—wiping out half the population, including the new emperor. Weakened, besieged, and leaderless, the Aztecs fell. Cortés won—not through sheer force, but luck, treachery, and a well-timed plague.

22/10/2025

Are we alone in the universe?

It’s a question we’ve asked since we first noticed that the stars twinkling above might be suns just like ours—with planets, maybe even civilisations. With numbers like 400 billion stars in our galaxy alone, and two trillion galaxies in the observable universe, the odds seem to favour company.

Frank Drake thought so too. In 1961, he devised an equation to estimate the number of intelligent civilisations in our galaxy. Plug in a few generous guesses and you get hundreds of thousands. Carl Sagan and others agreed: the universe should be crawling with intelligent life.

So... where is everyone?

Enter the Fermi Paradox. If life should be common, why haven’t we seen or heard from it? Maybe the answer is “The Great Filter”—a step in the process of developing intelligent life that’s incredibly rare or deadly. It could be the origin of life itself, or maybe the point at which civilisations blow themselves to smithereens with nuclear bombs.

Or perhaps aliens are keeping quiet. Maybe they know something we don’t—like there’s a cosmic bully out there, and shouting "we’re here!" into the void is like sending an RSVP to our own funeral.

It could be that intelligent life is out there, just nothing like us—no radio waves, no big flashy cities, just something completely alien. Or maybe the universe is just too big. The Andromeda galaxy is 2.5 million light-years away—any signal from Earth would take that long to arrive, and by then, we’ll all be fossils.

So, are we alone? Maybe. Probably not. But until the day an alien finally rings our doorbell—or vaporises us for being too noisy—we’ll just have to keep looking.

20/10/2025

In the unlikely event of a nuclear missile launch towards Britain, there could be as little as 10–20 minutes’ warning. Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) travel at roughly 4 miles per second—leaving very little time to respond.

If such a scenario ever occurred, emergency alerts would likely be sent to mobile phones, which could be limited to emergency communications only. Government advice might include staying indoors—ideally in a basement or under the stairs—as brick and concrete can help reduce radiation exposure.

A nuclear detonation would cause severe damage in the immediate area and release harmful radiation. Those outside the direct impact zone would be advised to shelter in place for at least two weeks, limit outdoor exposure, and follow hygiene recommendations to reduce contamination.

While missile defence systems exist, they aren’t foolproof. That’s why diplomacy and prevention remain our best defence.

Let’s stay informed—not alarmed—and hope such knowledge never needs to be used.

18/10/2025

Caffeine, the world's most popular psychoactive substance, is best known for blocking adenosine receptors in the brain, reducing fatigue and enhancing alertness.

But its benefits go beyond wakefulness: it also improves focus, reaction time, mood, and mental clarity. Interestingly, not all caffeine sources are created equal. Green tea contains not only caffeine but also L-theanine, an amino acid absent in coffee. L-theanine tempers caffeine's side effects—like jitteriness and anxiety—while enhancing its cognitive benefits.

Together, they work synergistically to boost performance and smooth out the typical caffeine crash.This combination helps maintain longer-lasting focus and energy with fewer drawbacks, making green tea an especially effective and balanced nootropic.

16/10/2025

In the Guinness World Records, some oddities stand out: You Jianxia has the longest eyelashes, Nick Stoeberl the longest tongue, and Shridhar Chillal
the most grotesque fingernails. But none compare to Robert Pershing Wadlow, the tallest man to ever live. Born in 1918, Wadlow reached 8'11" before his death, towering over the current tallest man, Sultan Kösen, by 8 inches.

Wadlow’s growth was due to an overactive pituitary gland, and by 12, he was 7'10". By 17, he stood 8'3". His height made everyday life a challenge, from doorways to office furniture. He joined the circus at 18 and toured the country, but his health deteriorated as his size took a toll on his body. In 1940, a leg brace infection led to his death at just 22.

Despite medical advancements, it’s unlikely anyone will surpass Wadlow. Even if they did, the toll on their health would likely make it a death sentence. Robert Wadlow’s 8'11" remains a record that may never be broken.

15/10/2025

John Dillinger - the 20th Century Robin Hood.

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