16/12/2018
Violence in the
Name of God
Those who murder for their
religion also have a claim to
their religion
"No one must use the name of God to
commit violence," Pope Francis said at
the Catholic University in Albania. "To
kill in the name of God is a grave
sacrilege. To discriminate in the name
of God is inhuman." http://
www.gmanetwork.com/news/
story/380251/news/world/pope-
francis-says...
The Pope’s remarks were aimed at
terrorists who fight under the banner
of Islam. He seems to say that those
who use violence to further religion
aren’t acting in good faith but rather
contrary to established religious
norms. But this is far from the case.
Violence in the name of religion has
been a staple of human history.
(Religion isn’t the only cause of
violence. The three leading candidates
for crimes against humanity in the
20th century—Hitler, Stalin and Mao—
weren’t religiously motivated.)
But violence sanctified is deeply
embedded in nearly every religion.
Here are some examples:
In the Jewish bible, God kills innocent
Egyptian children to teach the
pharaoh a lesson.
For Jews, Hanukkah celebrates the
success of the Maccabees against the
Seleucid Empire. In the 20th century,
the Stern Gang, dedicated to ending
the British Palestinian Mandate and
opening it to unrestricted immigration
to Jews, described themselves as
terrorists. Yitzhak Shamir, one of the
leaders, said he found inspiration in
the biblical stories of Gideon and
Samson.
Christians waged crusades under the
banner of the cross. Not only did they
kill Muslims, they also murdered other
Christians over doctrinal matters and
unleashed centuries of systematic
anti-Semitism. Later, Pilgrims and
Puritans, who fled Europe because of
religious persecution, established
violent and intolerant colonies in
America, acting barbarically in the
name of Christian theology. St.
Michael is the saint of the police and
military.
Islam established its roots as a
conquering army. Mohammed is
revered as a prophet and admired as
a military leader. Shia and Sunni
Muslims have been killing one another
for more than 1,500 years, all in the
name of who rightly succeeds their
religion’s founder.
What religion is more non-violent
than that of Buddhists? Yet during
WWII, most Buddhist groups in Japan
supported their country’s war efforts.
This wasn’t the first time that
Buddhism supported violence. During
the 16th century warrior monks rallied
to the idea that "The mercy of Buddha
should be recompensed even by
pounding flesh to pieces. One's
obligation to the Teacher should be
recompensed even by smashing
bones to bits."
Hinduism is built upon the precept of
doing no harm. Yet in their holy text,
the Bhagavad Ghita, Lord Krishna
argues that violence in the defense of
justice isn’t contrary to the spiritual
life. Om 2008, Hindus attacked more
than 20 Christian churches in
southern India.
The point is that those who do
violence in the name of religion aren’t
usurpers. Violence in the name of god
is deeply rooted in religious texts and
tradition. At the same time,
denouncing those who use God’s
name to justify violence also has its
religious precedents. Terror and
compassion are both part of religion
and what is normative depends upon
which strand wins over the hearts and
minds of its adherents.
The issue isn’t whether terrorists and
fanatics are acting in the name of their
religion but whether they are acting
on behalf of humanity. It isn’t whether
they are good Jews, Christians,
Muslims, Buddhists or Hindus but
whether they are good people. On
that score the answer is unequivocal:
terrorists are criminals of the worst
sort and their brutality needs to be
condemned by every decent person.
That was the Pope’s point and I agree.
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