04/01/2026
Learn with MOL today
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1. General Criminal & Law Terms
Crime — ឧក្រិដ្ឋកម្ម
Criminal — ឧក្រិដ្ឋជន
Suspect — ជនសង្ស័យ
Victim — ជនរងគ្រោះ
Witness — សាក្សី
Evidence — ភស្តុតាង
Law — ច្បាប់
Legal — តាមច្បាប់
Illegal — ខុសច្បាប់
Case — សំណុំរឿង
File / Case file — ឯកសារ / សំណុំឯកសារ
Report — របាយការណ៍
Statement — សេចក្តីថ្លែងការណ៍
2. Investigation & Procedure
Investigation — ការស៊ើបអង្កេត
Criminal Investigation — ការស៊ើបអង្កេតឧក្រិដ្ឋកម្ម
Interrogation — ការសួរចម្លើយ
Questioning — ការសាកសួរ
Arrest — ការចាប់ខ្លួន
Detention — ការឃុំខ្លួន
Custody — ការកាន់កាប់ / ការឃុំឃាំង
Search — ការឆែកឆេរ
Seizure — ការរឹបអូស
Surveillance — ការតាមដាន
Raid — ការឆ្មក់
Operation — ប្រតិបត្តិការ
3. Police & Authority
Police — ប៉ូលិស / នគរបាល
Officer — មន្ត្រី
Investigator — មន្ត្រីស៊ើបអង្កេត
Detective — មន្ត្រីស៊ើបការណ៍
Commander — មេបញ្ជាការ
Department — នាយកដ្ឋាន
Criminal Department — នាយកដ្ឋានឧក្រិដ្ឋកម្ម
Authority — អាជ្ញាធរ
Law enforcement — អង្គភាពអនុវត្តច្បាប់
4. Types of Crimes
Theft — ការលួច
Robbery — ប្លន់
Burglary — លួចចូលផ្ទះ
Fraud — បោកប្រាស់
Scam — ការបោកប្រាស់ល្បិច
Murder — ឃាតកម្ម
Assault — ការវាយប្រហារ
Kidnapping — ការចាប់ជំរិត
Human trafficking — ការជួញដូរមនុស្ស
Drug trafficking — ការជួញដូរគ្រឿងញៀន
Cybercrime — ឧក្រិដ្ឋកម្មបច្ចេកវិទ្យា
Money laundering — ការលាងលុយ
5. Drugs & Weapons
Drug — គ្រឿងញៀន
Narcotics — សារធាតុញៀន
Weapon — អាវុធ
Firearm — អាវុធភ្លើង
Knife — កាំបិត
Ammunition — គ្រាប់កាំភ្លើង
Explosive — សារធាតុផ្ទុះ
6. Court & Legal Process
Court — តុលាការ
Judge — ចៅក្រម
Prosecutor — អយ្យការអាជ្ញាធរ
Lawyer — មេធាវី
Defendant — ជនជាប់ចោទ
Trial — សវនាការ
Verdict — សាលក្រម
Sentence — ទោស
Imprisonment — ការដាក់ពន្ធនាគារ
Bail — ការធានា
7. Translator-Specific Terms (Very Important)
Translator — អ្នកបកប្រែ
Interpreter — អ្នកបកប្រែផ្ទាល់មាត់
Translation — ការបកប្រែ
Interpretation — ការបកប្រែមាត់
Confidential — សម្ងាត់
Classified information — ព័ត៌មានសម្ងាត់
Accuracy — ភាពត្រឹមត្រូវ
Neutral — អព្យាក្រឹត
Official language — ភាសាផ្លូវការ
Record — កំណត់ត្រា
8. Common Commands & Phrases
Tell the truth — និយាយការពិត
Answer the question — ឆ្លើយសំណួរ
Do you understand? — តើអ្នកយល់ទេ?
Please repeat — សូមនិយាយម្ដងទៀត
Sign here — សូមចុះហត្ថលេខានៅទីនេះ
Under the law — តាមច្បាប់
According to the investigation — តាមការស៊ើបអង្កេត
↘️↙️⬅️➡️⤵️
1. Court — តុលាការ
Meaning:
The official place where legal cases are heard and decided according to the law.
Role:
Handles criminal, civil, and administrative cases
Decides guilt, innocence, and punishment
Example:
The case was sent to the court.
→ សំណុំរឿងត្រូវបានបញ្ជូនទៅតុលាការ
2. Judge — ចៅក្រម
Meaning:
A legal authority who presides over the court and makes legal decisions.
Role:
Controls the trial
Evaluates evidence
Issues verdicts and sentences
Example:
The judge ordered the detention of the suspect.
→ ចៅក្រមបានបញ្ជាឲ្យឃុំខ្លួនជនសង្ស័យ
3. Prosecutor — អយ្យការអាជ្ញាធរ
Meaning:
A state lawyer who represents the government and accuses the defendant in criminal cases.
Role:
Files criminal charges
Presents evidence against the accused
Requests punishment
Example:
The prosecutor requested a prison sentence.
→ អយ្យការអាជ្ញាធរ បានស្នើសុំឲ្យដាក់ទោសពន្ធនាគារ
⚠️ Important for translators:
Prosecutor ≠ Lawyer for defendant
4. Lawyer — មេធាវី
Meaning:
A legal professional who gives legal advice and represents a client in court.
Types:
Defense lawyer — មេធាវីការពារ
Civil lawyer — មេធាវីរដ្ឋប្បវេណី
Example:
The lawyer defended his client in court.
→ មេធាវីបានការពារកូនក្តីរបស់ខ្លួននៅតុលាការ
5. Defendant — ជនជាប់ចោទ
Meaning:
A person who is formally accused of a crime and faces trial.
Status:
Not yet guilty until verdict is issued
Example:
The defendant denied all charges.
→ ជនជាប់ចោទបានបដិសេធចោទប្រកាន់ទាំងអស់
6. Trial — សវនាការ
Meaning:
A formal court process where evidence and arguments are presented.
Role:
Witnesses testify
Lawyers argue
Judge evaluates facts
Example:
The trial lasted three days.
→ សវនាការបានប្រព្រឹត្តរយៈពេលបីថ្ងៃ
7. Verdict — សាលក្រម
Meaning:
The official decision of the court on guilt or innocence.
Types:
Guilty — មានទោស
Not guilty — គ្មានទោស
Example:
The court delivered its verdict.
→ តុលាការបានចេញសាលក្រម
8. Sentence — ទោស
Meaning:
The punishment decided by the court after a guilty verdict.
Forms:
Prison
Fine
Suspended sentence — ទោសព្យួរ
Example:
The sentence was five years in prison.
→ ទោសគឺការជាប់ពន្ធនាគាររយៈពេលប្រាំឆ្នាំ
9. Imprisonment — ការដាក់ពន្ធនាគារ
Meaning:
Punishment involving confinement in prison.
Usage:
Often follows the word sentence
Example:
He was sentenced to imprisonment.
→ គាត់ត្រូវបានផ្តន្ទាទោសឲ្យដាក់ពន្ធនាគារ
10. Bail — ការធានា
Meaning:
Temporary release of a suspect or defendant while awaiting trial, usually under conditions.
Conditions may include:
Money guarantee
Reporting to police
Travel restriction
Example:
The suspect was released on bail.
→ ជនសង្ស័យត្រូវបានដោះលែងដោយការធានា
🔑 Translator Tips (Very Important)
Do not simplify legal roles (judge ≠ prosecutor ≠ lawyer)
Keep neutral tone at all times
Translate exact legal terms, not emotions or opinions
If unsure, ask for clarification before interpretin
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A Day Before the Verdict
The court (តុលាការ) building stood quietly in the early morning. People slowly entered through the main gate, knowing that today was an important day. Inside the courtroom, a judge (ចៅក្រម) prepared to hear a serious criminal case.
The case involved a young man named Dara. Dara was the defendant (ជនជាប់ចោទ). He was accused of participating in a large fraud network. Even though many people believed he was guilty, Dara still had the right to a fair trial (សវនាការ).
Before the trial began, the prosecutor (អយ្យការអាជ្ញាធរ) reviewed the case file carefully. The prosecutor represented the state and was responsible for proving the defendant’s guilt. Across the room, Dara sat quietly beside his lawyer (មេធាវី). The lawyer’s duty was to defend the defendant and protect his legal rights.
When the judge entered the courtroom, everyone stood up. The judge looked serious and calm.
“The trial is now in session,” the judge said.
The Trial Begins
During the trial, the prosecutor spoke first. He explained the charges against the defendant and presented documents, witness statements, and financial records. According to the prosecutor, the evidence clearly showed that Dara had committed fraud.
The lawyer stood up and responded calmly. He argued that the evidence was incomplete and that the defendant had been wrongly accused. The lawyer reminded the court that a defendant is innocent until a verdict (សាលក្រម) is issued.
Witnesses were called one by one. Some supported the prosecutor’s claims. Others created doubt. The judge listened carefully, took notes, and asked questions. The trial lasted several days.
Bail and Waiting
Because the trial was long, the lawyer requested bail (ការធានា) for the defendant. The lawyer argued that Dara was not a danger to society and would not escape.
After considering the request, the judge agreed. The defendant was released on bail under strict conditions. He had to report regularly to the authorities and could not leave the country.
While waiting for the verdict, Dara felt fear and hope at the same time. He understood that his future depended on the court’s decision.
The Verdict Day
On the final day, the courtroom was full. Everyone waited silently as the judge entered. This was the day the verdict would be announced.
The judge reviewed the facts again. The prosecutor requested a heavy sentence (ទោស), including long-term imprisonment (ការដាក់ពន្ធនាគារ). The lawyer asked the court to show mercy, insisting that the defendant did not deserve imprisonment.
After a long silence, the judge finally spoke.
“The court has reached its verdict.”
The defendant held his breath.
Sentence and Justice
The judge declared that the defendant was guilty, but not of all charges. The court decided on a reduced sentence. Dara was sentenced to two years of imprisonment, but one year was suspended.
The judge explained that the sentence was meant to punish, but also to give the defendant a chance to reform.
The prosecutor accepted the decision. The lawyer thanked the court. The defendant lowered his head, knowing that the trial had changed his life forever.
As people left the court, the meaning of justice became clear. The court, the judge, the prosecutor, the lawyer, the defendant, the trial, the verdict, the sentence, imprisonment, and bail were not just words. They were real forces shaping human lives.
🔁 How to Use This Story to Remember Words
Here’s how I recommend you use it:
First reading – Just read, don’t memorize
Second reading – Highlight these words:
court
judge
prosecutor
lawyer
defendant
trial
verdict
sentence
imprisonment
bail
Third reading – Read aloud (very powerful for memory)
Fourth reading – Imagine you are translating it live
