15/12/2025
The Vietnam War (ááŽáááşáááşá
á
áşáá˝á˛)
The Vietnam War was a long and difficult conflict in Southeast Asia. It lasted from the mid-1950s until 1975 and changed the history of many nations.
ááŽáááşáááşá
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áşáá˝á˛áᏠáĄáážáąáˇááąáŹááşáĄáŹáážáážáŹááźá
áşáá˝áŤá¸áá˛áˇáá˛áˇ áážááşááťáŹá¸ááźáŽá¸ áááşáá˛áá˛áˇ áááááášááá
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áşáá˛áˇáááşá ááŽáááşáááşá
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áşáá˝á˛áᏠá,áá
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áşáĄáááşáááŻááşá¸ááąáŹááşáááą á,ááá
áážá
áşááŻáĄáá áá
áážá
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áşáá˝á˛á ááťáŹá¸á
á˝áŹááąáŹ áááŻááşááśáá˝áąáá˛áˇ ááááŻááşá¸ááᯠááźáąáŹááşá¸áá˛á
áąáá˛áˇáááşá
The Roots of the Conflict (ááááášáá áĄá
ááťááŻá¸áážáŻááťáŹá¸)
1. Vietnam was once a colony ruled by France for many years. After World War II, many Vietnamese people wanted their independence from foreign rule. A leader named Ho Chi Minh led the fight against the French military. Eventually, the French were defeated at the famous Battle of Dien Bien Phu.
áá áááŻáááŻááŽááąááşáážáŹ ááŽáááşáááşáááŻááşááśááᯠááźááşáá
áşáĄááşááŤááŹá áážá
áşááąáŤááşá¸ááťáŹá¸á
á˝áŹááźáŹáĄáąáŹááş áĄáŻááşááťáŻááşáá˛áˇáááşá ááŻááá,ááášááŹá
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áşááźáŽá¸áá˝áŹá¸áá˛áˇááąáŹááşáááŻááşá¸áážáŹ ááŽáááşáááşáá°ááťááŻá¸,áĄááťáŹá¸áĄááźáŹá¸áᏠááźááşáá
áşááŽá áá˝ááşáááşááąá¸ááᯠáááŻááťááşáá˛áˇááźáááşá "áááŻááťáŽáááşá¸" (Ho Chi Minh) áááŻáˇááąáŤáşáá˛áˇ ááąáŤááşá¸ááąáŹááşáá
áşáĽáŽá¸á ááŽáááşáááşáá°ááťááŻá¸áá˝áąááᯠáĽáŽá¸ááąáŹááşááźáŽá¸ ááźááşáá
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áşááŻááźá
áşáá˛áˇ "ááťááşááťááşáá°á¸" (Dien Bien Phu) áááŻááşáá˝á˛áážáŹ ááźááşáá
áşáááŻáˇ á
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áşáážáŻáśá¸áá˝áŹá¸áá˛áˇáááşá
2. In 1954, an international agreement divided Vietnam into two separate parts. North Vietnam became a communist state led by Ho Chi Minh's government. South Vietnam was democratic and received support from the United States. This division was intended to be temporary until national elections could be held.
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ááŻá¸ááá˛áˇ áĄáŻááşááťáŻááşáážáŻáĄáąáŹááşá áá˝ááşááźá°áá
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áşáááşá
3. The United States feared the spread of communism throughout all of Asia. They believed in the Domino Theory, which suggested that if one country became communist, its neighbors would follow. To prevent this, the US sent military advisors to assist South Vietnam. They wanted to help the southern government stay in power and remain independent.
áá áĄááąáááááşááźááşááąáŹááşá
áŻáĄááąáá˛áˇ áĄáŹáážáá
áşáá˝ááşáážáŹ áá˝ááşááźá°áá
áşááŤá ááźááşáˇáá˝áŤá¸ááŹáážáŹááᯠá
ááŻá¸ááááşáá˛áˇáááşá áĄááąáááááşááźááşááąáŹááşá
ᯠáĄá
ááŻá¸ááĄááąáá˛áˇ áááŻááŽáááŻ,ááŽáĄááŻáᎠ(Domino Theory) ááᯠááŻáśááźááşáá˛áˇáááşá áááŻáááŻááŹáááąáŹáˇ ááááşáááŻáˇáᏠáááŻááşááśáá
áşáááŻááşááśáᏠáá˝ááşááźá°áá
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á˝áŹáááşáááşáááşáááşáááŻááşá
áąáááŻáˇ áá°ááŽááąá¸ááťááşáá˛áˇáááşá
4. Many people living in the South actually opposed their own government's leaders. These southern rebels were known as the Viet Cong, and they supported the North. They used clever tactics and hidden traps to fight against the South Vietnamese forces. This internal conflict made the situation in the country very complicated and dangerous.
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ááŻá¸áááᯠááŻááşáááşáá°áá˝áąááᯠ"ááŽáááşáá˝ááş" (Viet Cong) áááŻáˇ ááááźááźáŽá¸ áĄá˛áˇááŽááŻááşáááşáá°áá˝áąáᏠááźáąáŹááşááŽáááşáááş (áááŻááťáŽáááşá¸áĄá
ááŻá¸á) ááᯠááąáŹááşááśáá˛áˇááźáááşá áĄá˛áˇááŽááŽáááşáá˝ááşáá˝áąáᏠááąáŹááşááŽáááşáááşáĄá
ááŻá¸ááááşáá˝áąááᯠáááŻááşáááŻááşáááŻáˇáĄáá˝ááş áááášááŹááŤá¸áááşáá˛áˇ áááşá¸ááťá°ááŹáá˝áąáá˛áˇ ááŻáśá¸áá˝ááşááŹá¸áá˛áˇ ááąáŹááşááťáąáŹááşáá˝áąááᯠáĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻáá˛áˇááźáááşá ááŽáĄáá˝ááşá¸áááááášáá ááąáŹááşááŽáááşáááşá áĄááźáąáĄááąááᯠáá˝ááşá
á˝áŹáážáŻááşáá˝áąá¸ááźáŽá¸ áĄáášáááŹááşááťáŹá¸á
áąáá˛áˇáááşá
America Enters the War (áĄááąáááááş á
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áşáá˝á˛áá˛áááŻáˇ áááşááąáŹááşááŹááźááşá¸)
5. In 1964, a major naval event happened in the Gulf of Tonkin. The US claimed that North Vietnamese boats attacked their ships in the ocean. This led to a resolution that gave the US president more military power. Consequently, American combat troops began arriving in Vietnam in very large numbers.
á
á á,ááá ááŻáážá
áşáážáŹááąáŹáˇ "ááŻáśáááşáááşáááşáá˝áąáˇ" (the Gulf of Tonkin) áážáŹ ááźáŽá¸ááŹá¸áá˛áˇ ááąáááşáážáŻááşáážáŹá¸áážáŻáá
áşáᯠááźá
áşáá˝áŤá¸áá˛áˇáááşá ááźáąáŹááşááŽáááşáááşáážáąáá˝áąá "ááŻáśáááşáááşáááşáá˝áąáˇ" áážáŹ áĄááąáááááşáá˛áˇáááşášááąáŹáá˝áąááᯠáááŻááşáááŻááşáá˛áˇáááşáááŻáˇ áĄááąáááááşá ááźáąáŹáá˛áˇáááşá ááŽáĄááźá
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áşááąá¸áĄáŹááŹááᯠáááŻáááŻááąá¸áĄááşáĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻáááŻáˇ ááŻáśá¸ááźááşááťááşááŽááᯠáĽáŽá¸áááşá
áąáá˛áˇáááşá ááŤááźáąáŹááşáˇáᲠáĄááąáááááş áááŻááşáááŻááşááąá¸áááşáá˝á˛áˇ áĄááťáŹá¸áĄááźáŹá¸áᏠááŽáááşáááşáááŻáˇ á
áááşááąáŹááşááŹáá˛áˇááźáááşá
6. The war was very different from previous global conflicts like World War II. The Viet Cong used guerrilla warfare, which involves surprise attacks and then hiding. They built complex underground tunnels to move around without being seen by airplanes. US soldiers found it very difficult to find and fight these hidden enemies.
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áşáá˝á˛áᏠááŻááá,ááášááŹá
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áşáá˝á˛áá˝áąáá˛áˇ ááŻáśá¸áááá°áᲠááźáŹá¸ááŹá¸ááąáá˛áˇáááşá ááŽáááşáá˝ááşáá˝áąá ááŻááşááááş,áĄáá
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áşáááŻááşáááşá¸ááťá°ááŹááźá
áşáá˛áˇ ááźáąáŹááşááťáŹá¸á
áá
áş (guerrilla warfare) ááᯠáĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻáá˛áˇááźáááşá ááąááĽáşáá˝áąááąáŤáşá áááźááşáááąáĄáąáŹááş ááŽáááşáá˝ááşáá˝áąáᏠáá
áşááąááŹááž áá
áşááąááŹáááŻáˇ áá˝áŹá¸ááŹáááŻáˇ áážáŻááşáá˝áąá¸áá˛áˇ ááźáąáĄáąáŹááşáážááŻááşáá°áá˝áąááᯠáááşááąáŹááşáá˛áˇááźáááşá áĄááąáááááşá
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á˝áŹáĄáááşáĄáá˛áá˝áąáˇáá˛áˇááźáááşá
7. The geography of Vietnam was a huge challenge for the visiting soldiers. The country is covered in thick jungles, wet swamps, and tall mountains. The hot and humid weather caused many health problems for the American troops. This difficult environment often protected the North Vietnamese forces from heavy air attacks.
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áááşááąáŤáşáážáŻáá
áşááŻááźá
áşáá˛áˇáááşá ááŽáááşáááşáááŻááşááśááᯠáá°áááşáá˛áˇ ááąáŹááąáŹááşáá˝áąá á
ááŻá
á˝ááşáá˛áˇ áá˝ážáśáˇáá˝áśáá˝áąáá˛áˇ ááźááşáˇááŹá¸áážáá˛áˇ ááąáŹááşáááşá¸áá˝áąá ááŻáśá¸áá˝ážááşá¸ááŹá¸áááşá áá°áĄááŻááşáá˛áˇ ááŽáááşáááş,ááŹááŽáĽááŻááááşá¸ áĄááąáááááşá
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áşááŹá¸áá˝áąáĄáá˝ááş ááťááşá¸ááŹááąá¸ááźáżááŹááťáŹá¸á
á˝áŹááᯠááźá
áşáá˝áŤá¸á
áąáá˛áˇáááşá ááŽáááşáá˛áá˛áˇ áááŹááááşáááşá¸ááťááşá ááźáąáŹááşááŽáááşáááşáááşáá˝á˛áˇáá˝áąááᯠááźááşá¸áááşáá˛áˇ áĄááąáááááşááąááźáąáŹááşá¸áááşááž áááźáŹáá ááŹáá˝ááşááąá¸áá˛áˇáááşá
8. To clear the thick forests, the US military used powerful chemical sprays. They used a chemical called Agent Orange to kill the plants and trees. They also used na**lm, which is a sticky, flammable jelly that burns everything it touches. These weapons caused long-term damage to the land and the health of the people.
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áşáááşáĄááąáá˛áˇ ááźááşá¸áááşáá˛áˇ ááŹááŻááąáááťááşá¸ááąá¸áá˝áąááᯠáĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻáá˛áˇáááşá áĄáááşáá˝áąáá˛áˇ áá
áşáááşáá˝áąááᯠááąá
áąáááŻáˇáĄáá˝ááş áĄááąáááááşá
á
áşáááşá áĄáąá¸ááťááşáˇááşáĄáąáŹááááşáˇááťáş (Agent Orange) áááŻáˇááąáŤáşáá˛áˇ ááŹááŻáá
ášá
ááşá¸áááŻáááşá¸ áĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻáá˛áˇáááşá áĄááąáááááşá
á
áşáááşáᏠáááá˝áąáˇáááťážááᯠááąáŹááşááťá˝ááşá¸á
áąáá˛áˇ á
áąá¸áááşááźáŽá¸ ááŽá¸ááąáŹááşáá˝ááşáá˛áˇ ááąááŹááşá¸ (Na**lm) ááŻáśá¸áááŻáááşá¸ áĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻáá˛áˇáááşá áĄááąáááááşá
á
áşáááşá áĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻáá˛áˇáá˛áˇ ááŽáááşáááşáá˝áąáᏠááŽáááşáááş ááźáąááŹáá˛áˇ áá°áá˝áąáá˛áˇ ááťááşá¸ááŹááąá¸ááᯠááąáážááşáááááŻááşá
áąáá˛áˇáááşá
áážááşááťááşá ááŽááŽáááşáááşá
á
áşáá˝á˛áááŻáˇá
áşáá˛áˇ ááŻáśáážáŹ áĄáááşáĄá
áŹá¸áááŹáá˛áˇ ááźáąá¸áá˝ážáŹá¸ááąáá˛áˇáá˛áˇ ááááşá¸áááąá¸áᏠáá°ááá˛áˇáĄáááşááąáŤáşáááŻáˇ áĄááąáááááşááąáááşá ááąááŹááşá¸ (Na**lm) ááŻáśá¸ááźá˛ááťáá˛áˇáááŻáˇ áá°ááá˛áˇááášááŹáááŻááşáá
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áşááŻáśááŤá áááş (Kim) ááᯠNa**lm Girl áááŻáˇáááşá¸ ááášááŹáá
áşáážááşá¸á ááááźááŤáááşá áĄááŻááťáááşáážáŹ áááş (Kim) áᏠáááąááŤáááŻááşááśáážáŹ ááą,ááąááźáŽá¸á áá°ááá˛áˇ ááťá˝ááşááąáŹáş áĄááźááşáážáŹ ááŻáśáá°á¸ááŤáááşá ááŽáááŻáˇá
áşáá˛áˇ Comment box áážáŹ Kim áá˛áˇ ááťá˝ááşááąáŹáşáˇááŻáśááᯠPin ááŻááşááąá¸ááŹá¸ááŤáááşá
A Turning Point and Protest (áĄáážááşáˇáĄááźáąáŹááşá¸áážááşáˇ áááşáˇáá˝ááşááášáááźáážáŻááťáŹá¸)
9. As the years passed, the United States sent more and more soldiers. By 1968, there were over half a million American troops stationed in Vietnam. The cost of the war was rising significantly every single day. Despite the high number of soldiers, the war was not ending as quickly as expected.
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10. In 1968, the North launched a massive surprise attack called the Tet Offensive. They attacked many major cities in South Vietnam at the same time. While the Allies pushed them back, the attack shocked the American public. It proved that the North was still very strong and highly organized.
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áşáážáŹ ááźáąáŹááşááŽáááşáááşáááşá áááşáááŻá¸á
á
áş (Tet Offensive) áááŻáˇáĄáááşááąá¸ááŹá¸áá˛áˇ ááŻááşááááş,áĄáá
áşáááŻááş áááŻá¸á
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11. Back in the United States, many people began to strongly oppose the war. They held large protests in big cities and on many university campuses. They believed the war was unfair and was causing too much unnecessary death. Television news showed the harsh reality of the war to families watching at home.
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áááşáááşáˇáá˝ááşááŹáá˛áˇááźáááşá áĄááąáááááşááźááşáá°áá˝áąá áĄááąáááááş ááźááŻáˇááźáŽá¸áá˝áąáá˛áˇ ááášááááŻááşáááşááźáąáá˝áąáážáŹ ááźáŽá¸ááŹá¸áá˛áˇ ááášáááźáá˝á˛ (Protests) áá˝áąááᯠááťááşá¸ááá˛áˇááźáááşá áĄááąáááááşá
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ááşááźááşá¸ááźáŻááşáá˛áˇ áĄáážááşáááŹá¸áá˝áąááᯠáĄááąáááááşááźááşááąáŹááşá
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The End of the War (ááŽáááşáááşá
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áşáá˝á˛á áĄááŻáśá¸áááş)
12. President Richard Nixon introduced a new policy called Vietnamization. This plan aimed to train South Vietnamese soldiers to fight the war on their own. The United States began to slowly bring its troops back home to America. However, the fighting on the ground continued to be very intense and bloody.
ááá á,ááá áááą á,ááá áĄáá ááŹáááşáááşá¸ááąáŹááşáá˛áˇáá˛áˇ áĄááąáááááşáá˛áˇ áá ááąáŹááşááźáąáŹááş ááášáá "áá
áşááťááş áá
áşáááş" (Richard Nixon) á ááŽáááşáááşáĄáá˝ááşáá°á¸ááźáąáŹááşá¸ááąá¸ (Vietnamization) áááŻáˇááąáŤáşáá˛áˇ áá°ááŤááĄáá
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áşááŻááᯠááááşáááşáá˛áˇáááşá ááŽáĄá
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13. In 1973, the US and North Vietnam finally signed a peace agreement in Paris. The United States agreed to withdraw all of its remaining military forces from the country. In exchange, the North agreed to release all American prisoners of war. This brought an end to direct American involvement in the long conflict.
ááá á,ááá ááŻáážá
áşáážáŹááąáŹáˇ áĄááąáááááşáá˛áˇ ááźáąáŹááşááŽáááşáááşáááŻáˇáᏠááźááşáá
áşáááŻááşááśá áá˛áá
áşááźááŻáˇáážáŹ ááźáááşá¸ááťááşá¸ááąá¸áááąáŹáá°ááŽááťááşááᯠááąáŹááşááŻáśá¸áážáŹ áááşáážááşááąá¸áááŻá¸áá˛áˇááźáááşá áĄááąáááááşááźááşááąáŹááşá
áŻáĄááąáá˛áˇ áá°áˇáá˛áˇ ááťááşáážáááąááąá¸áá˛áˇ áĄááąáááááşáááşááŹá¸áĄáŹá¸ááŻáśá¸ááᯠááŽáááşáááşááž ááŻááşáá˝áŤááąá¸áááŻáˇ áááąáŹáá°áá˛áˇáááşá áĄááźááşáĄáážááşáĄáŹá¸ááźááşáˇ ááźáąáŹááşááŽáááşáááşááááşá¸ áĄááąáááááş á
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áąáá˛áˇáááşá
14. Without American help, South Vietnam became much weaker than the North. In April 1975, the North launched a final attack on the southern capital. The city of Saigon fell to the communist forces very quickly. Vietnam was finally reunited into one single communist country after decades of fighting.
áĄááąáááááşáá˛áˇ áĄáá°áĄááŽáááŤááŹááźáąáŹááşáˇ ááąáŹááşááŽáááşáááşáᏠááźáąáŹááşááŽáááşáááşáááş ááťáŹá¸á
á˝áŹáĄááşáĄáŹá¸áááşá¸ááŹáá˛áˇáááşá á,ááá
ááŻáážá
áşá á§ááźáŽááážáŹ ááźáąáŹááşááŽáááşáááşá ááąáŹááşááŽáááşáááşáá˛áˇááźááŻáˇááąáŹáşááᯠááąáŹááşááŻáśá¸áĄááźáááş áááŻá¸á
á
áşáá
áşááŻááᯠáááşáá˝ážá˛áá˛áˇáááşá "áááŻááşá¸ááŻáś" (Saigon) ááźááŻáˇáᏠ"áááŻááťáŽáááşá¸" áĽáŽá¸ááąáŹááşáá˛áˇ áá˝ááşááźá°áá
áşáááşáá˝á˛áˇáá˝áąáá˛áˇáááşáá˛áááŻáˇ ááźááşááźááşáááşáááşáᲠááťááąáŹááşáá˝áŹá¸áá˛áˇáááşá áááşá
áŻáážá
áşááąáŤááşá¸ááťáŹá¸á
á˝áŹááźáŹáĄáąáŹááş áááŻááşáááŻááşááźáŽá¸áá˛áˇááąáŹááşáážáŹááąáŹáˇ ááŽáááşáááşáᏠááąáŹááşááŻáśá¸áážáŹ áá
áşááŻáááşá¸ááąáŹ áá˝ááşááźá°áá
áşáááŻááşááśáĄááźá
áş ááźááşáááşááąáŤááşá¸á
ááşá¸áá˝áŹá¸áá˛áˇáááşá
15. The Vietnam War had a lasting and painful impact on the entire world. Millions of people lost their lives, including soldiers and many innocent civilians. It changed how people viewed their governments and the use of military power. Today, Vietnam is a developing nation that focuses on peace, tourism, and international trade.
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áşááášááŹááŻáśá¸áĄááąáŤáş ááźáŹáážááşááźáŽá¸ ááŹááťááşá
ááŹááąáŹááşá¸áá˛áˇ áááşááąáŹááşáážáŻáá˝áą áážááá˛áˇáááşá á
á
áşááŹá¸áá˝áąáá˛áˇ áĄááźá
áşáá˛áˇ áĄáááşááŹá¸áá˝áąáĄááŤáĄáááş áá°áááşá¸ááąáŤááşá¸ááťáŹá¸á
á˝áŹ áĄáááşááŻáśá¸áážáŻáśá¸áá˛áˇááźááááşá ááŽáááşáááşá
á
áşáá˝á˛áᏠáá°áá˝áąáĄááąáá˛áˇ áá°áááŻáˇáá˛áˇ áĄá
ááŻá¸ááá˛áˇ á
á
áşáĄááşáĄáŹá¸áĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻáážáŻáááŻáˇáĄááąáŤáş áážáŻááźááşááŻáśááᯠááźáąáŹááşá¸áá˛á
áąáá˛áˇáááşá ááŽááąáˇáĄááťáááşáážáŹááąáŹáˇ ááŽáááşáááşáááŻááşááśáᏠááźáááşá¸ááťááşá¸ááąá¸á áááŽá¸áá˝áŹá¸ááŹááąá¸ááŻááşáááşá¸áá˛áˇ áááŻááşááśáááŹááŻááşáá˝ááşááąá¸ á
ááŹáá˝áąáááŻáĄáŹááŻáśá
ááŻááşááźáŽá¸ áá˝áśáˇááźááŻá¸áááŻá¸áááşáá˛áááŻááşááśáá
áşáᯠááźá
áşááąááźáŽááźá
áşáááşá
Source - Britannica
With love,
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