
02/07/2025
This study proves closed-loop outperform open-loop systems in passive decay heat removal, showing 77% higher and 45% greater Nusselt numbers. Validated via , closed-loop designs enable efficient, electricity-free cooling during shutdowns/accidents, enhancing via natural convection-driven . 🚀🔬
Full Paper Link: https://scienpg.com/scs/index.php/engineering/article/view/scse.2025.1.5