27/06/2025                                                                            
                                    
                                                                            
                                            "Etc." āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāϰā§āĻĒ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ āĻĒāĻāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšāϞā§:
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đ¤ Etc. āĻāϰ Full Form:
Etc. = Et cetera
đš āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϞāĻžāϤāĻŋāύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
đš āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: "and other things" āĻŦāĻž "āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ" / "āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ"āĨ¤
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đ§  āĻĒāĻāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋ (Background):
"Et cetera" āĻāϏā§āĻā§ āϞāĻžāϤāĻŋāύ āĻāĻžāώāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§āĨ¤
"Et" āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠"and", āĻāϰ "cetera" āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠"the rest" āĻŦāĻž "other things"āĨ¤
āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āύ āϰā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āϞā§āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤā§, āϝāĻž āϏāĻŽā§ā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāώāĻžā§ āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
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đ ī¸ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ (Usage):
Etc. āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ āϝāĻāύ āĻā§āύ⧠āϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻ
āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āϰā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻšā§ āϝ⧠āĻāϰāĻ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻā§, āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻŦ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
â
 āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽ:
āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻāĻ āϧāϰāĻŖā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏā§āϰ āϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻāĻžā§ āĻļā§āώ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻā§āĻŽāĻž āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻļā§āώ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠"etc." āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ "and" āϞā§āĻāĻž āĻšā§ āύāĻž, āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ "et" āĻŽāĻžāύā§āĻ āϤ⧠"and"āĨ¤
â
 āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ:
1. We need to buy vegetables like carrots, potatoes, onions, etc.
⤠(āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻāϰ, āĻāϞā§, āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻžāĻ āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāύāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤)
2. She likes classical musicâBeethoven, Mozart, Bach, etc.
⤠(āϏ⧠āϧā§āϰā§āĻĒāĻĻā§ āϏāĻā§āĻā§āϤ āĻĒāĻāύā§āĻĻ āĻāϰā§âāĻŦā§āĻā§āĻĢā§āύ, āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻ, āĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤)
3. Please bring paper, pens, pencils, etc. for the workshop.
⤠(āĻā§āĻžāϰā§āĻāĻļāĻĒā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ, āĻāϞāĻŽ, āĻĒā§āύā§āϏāĻŋāϞ āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āύāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāϏā§āĨ¤)
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â ī¸ Etc. āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āϝāĻž āĻā§ā§āĻžāϞ āϰāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§:
1. āĻā§āĻŦāύā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖā§āϰ āϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻāĻžā§ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ âetc.â āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻžāϞā§āĨ¤
āĻā§āϞ: I saw lions, tigers, dogs, etc.
āĻāĻžāϞā§: I saw various animals like lions, tigers, and other species.
2. âEtc.â āϞā§āĻāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§ āĻĄāĻ (.) āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻšā§āĨ¤
3. āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠âand etc.â āϞāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻā§āϞāĨ¤
āĻā§āϞ: We saw birds and etc.
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ: We saw birds, etc.
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đ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ:
āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ
āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋ
āĻāϰāĻ āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ
āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āĻĒ āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ