18/08/2023
Amateka Ya Col. Muammar Gaddafi
Muammar Gaddafi wari Perezida wa Libya, yavutse tariki ya 7 Kamena 1942 avukira ahitwa Qasr Abou Hadi. Yishwe ku itariki ya 20 Ukwakira 2011mu Butayu bwa Syrte, ubu imyaka igiye kuba 7 yishwe. Yari azwi ku izina rya Colonel Gaddafi (Kadhafi).
Uyu mugabo yabaye Perezida wâiki gihugu kuva mu mwaka wa 1969 ubwo yari amaze guhirika ubutegetsi bwariho, apfa ku wa 20 ukwakira 2011. Umuryango wa Gaddafi yavukagamo wari ukennye, ukaba uwo mu bwoko buto bwa âArabized Berbersâ ari bo bakunze kwitwa Qaddadfa. Qadhafi yize mu mashuri abanza ya Kiyislamu.
Yarangije amashuri yisumbuye ahitwa Misurata aho yari afite umuntu umwishyurira, icyo gihe mu myigire ye yibandaga cyane ku isomo ryâamateka. Libya nkâigihugu cyâAbarabu, mu bihe byashize kujya mu gisirikare ndetse no kuba abasirikare bo mu rwego rwo hejuru byabagaho cyane nyuma yâubwigenge, kuko igisirikare cyatumaga abantu bo mu miryango ikennye bashobora gukomeza za kaminuza, kandi bwari bwo buryo bwonyine bushoboka bwo kwinjira muri politiki ku buryo bwihuse.
Gaddafi akiri umusore muto
Gaddafi yinjiye mu ishuri rya gisirikare rya Benghazi mu 1961 ari kumwe na bamwe mu nshuti ze, bakaba bararangije mu mwaka wa 1965-1966. Nyuma yaho, yoherejwe mu myitozo ya gisirikare mu Bwongereza, muri âRoyal Military Academy Sandhurstâ. Ubwo yari mu masomo ya gisirikare, Gaddafi yatangiye gupanga gahunda yo guhirika ingoma ya cyami. Muri aya masomo kandi, yaje no koherezwa muri âHellenic Military Academyâ muri Athens mu Bugereki.
Libya mu maboko ya Gaddafi mu 1969
Ku tariki ya 1 Nzeri 1969, ikipe yâabasirikare bato bari bayobowe na Gaddafi bahiritse ubutegetsi (coup d'Ă©tat) bwâumwami Idris ubwo yari mu gihugu cya Turkey (Turikiya) yaragiye kwivuza. Mwishywa we, igikomangoma Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi yarafashwe arafungwa, maze ingoma ya cyami ivaho ityo, Gaddafi atangaza Repubulika ya Libya (Libyan Arab Republic). Gahunda yo guhirika ingoma ya cyami, ibikorwa byose uko byagenze byateguwe na David Stirling wateguye gukoresha abacanshuro (mercenaries) nyuma yo kwiyegereza umwe mu bagize umuryango wâibwami.
Uyu Stirling ni we wari warashinze muri kiriya gihugu umutwe udasanzwe wa gisirikare wâingabo zo mu kirere (Special Air Service) mu 1941. Aba bacanshuro bari bagizwe nâimfungwa 150 za politiki zari zifungiye muri gereza ya Tripoli.
Muammar Gaddafi yakundaga kwambara imyenda gakondo yo muri Libya cyangwa iya gisirikare, yirindaga icyatuma yisanisha n'abazungu
Ubwo yari amaze kuba Perezida, Gaddafi yahinduye igihugu cye umwanzi wâAbanyaburayi nkâuko urubuga rwa interineti wikipedia.org dukesha iyi nkuru rubivuga. Ibi byatumye Abataliyani babaga muri Libya bahambira utwabo ubwo Gaddafi yatangaga itegeko ryo kuhava ubutareba inyuma.
Mu 1970, yashyizeho umwanya wa Minisitiri wâIntebe, ariko kuko byose ari we wabikoraga, yamushyizeho mu 1972. Gusa ngo kimwe nâabandi basirikare bagize uruhare muri Revolisiyo zâibihugu byabo, Gaddafi ntabwo yizamuye ku ipeti (rank) ryâikirenga rya General, ahubwo yemeye ibirori byo kumukura ku ipeti rya kapiteni agahabwa koloneli ari naryo yahamyeho kugeza aho yiciwe. Icyo gihe akaba ari bwo yatangiye kwiyita umuyobozi wa kivandimwe.
Mu bana 8 Gaddafi yari afite 3 barishwe nyuma y'urupfu rwe, 4 barahunga ndetse na nyina , umwe arafatwa arafungwa aza gufungurwa muri 2017
Mu 1973, Gaddafi yakuyeho amategeko yose maze ashyiraho itegeko rya âShariaâ, ashyiraho umutwe witwara gisirikare yise ko ari uwo kurinda Revolution, akora nâibindi byinshi nko gukuraho amashuri yâimyuga abana bakigishwa ibitekerezo bye mu gihe cyâimpeshyi. Yashyize imbaraga mu bukungu, kompanyi nto zâubucuruzi zigacungwa nâizigenga ariko zikomeye, naho Leta igacunga izo zikomeye. Yashyize imbaraga kandi mu burezi no mu idini ya Islamu, aho byanagaragaye mu gitabo cye âGreen Bookâ cyagaragaragamo amatwara ye, yagisohoye mu byiciro bitatu, mu 1975 na 1979.
Gaddafi yakurikiye ibitecyerezo bya Gamal Abdel Nasser wayoboraga Misiri byo gukora ubumwe bwâAbarabu. Nyuma yâurupfu rwa Nasser ku itariki ya 28 Nzeri 1970, Gaddafi yatangaje ishyirwaho rya Leta imwe (Federation of Arab Republics) ihuriweho nâibihugu bya Libya, Misiri na Syria mu 1972, akaba yaratekerezaga guhuza imbaraga zâAbarabu, ariko ibi bihugu bindi birabyanga.
Mu 1974 yasinyanye amasezerano yâubufatanye nâuwayoboraga Tunisia Habib Bourguiba ariko nayo ntiyagira icyo atanga. Gaddafi yakomeje kugira abamurwanya benshi, haba mu gihugu imbere no hanze yacyo. Nyamara ntiyatinye guhamagarira abo yita ko baharaniye Revolution guhaguruka bagahitana abamurwanya baba mu mahanga, hari mu 1980, asaba ko bakwicwa.
Ku itariki ya 26 Mata 1980, Gaddafi yatanze itariki ntarengwa ya 11 Kamena 1980 ku barwanyaga ubutegetsi bwe bari mu mahanga ko nibaba batarataha bazagwa mu biganza byâitsinda ryaharaniye Revolution. Ku bwa Gaddafi, ngo kwinjira mu biganiro bya politiki nâabanyamahanga ni icyaha cyahanishwaga igifungo cyâimyaka itatu. Uyu mugabo kandi yakuye indimi zâamahanga mu mashuri.
Umwe mu bamurwanyaga (ubwo batangiraga imirwano) yagize ati âNta nâumwe muri twe ushobora kuvuga Icyongereza cyangwa Igifaransa. Yaradusuzuguye, yaduhinduye impumyiâ. Gaddafi kandi yagiye agirana amakimbirane nâabaturanyi be harimo igihugu cya Chad mu 1973 kugeza mu 1987, aho Libya yakuye ingabo zayo mu 1994 nyuma yâimpaka zakemuwe nâurukiko mpuzamahanga ku wa 13 Gashyantare 1994.
Mu 1972, Gaddafi yagerageje kugura intwaro za kirimbuzi mu Bushinwa. Mu 1977, yagerageje kugura bombe ya kirimbuzi muri Pakistan, nyuma agura no mu Buhinde. Gaddafi akaba yarashinjwe kenshi gukora intwaro za kirimbuzi, aho igihugu cya Thailand cyavuze ko abaturage bacyo babigizemo uruhare muri Libya mu kubaka aho zibikwa.
U Budage bwo bwakatiye igifungo cyâimyaka itanu bwana Jurgen Hippenstiel-Imhausen azira kugira uruhare mu ikorwa ryâizi ntwaro muri Libya. Ibi byanashimangiwe nâumugenzuzi wa CWC (Chemical Weapons Convention) muri 2004 aho yagaragaje amatoni nâamatoni yâizi ntwaro ndetse nâibizikorwamo. Gaddafi yari inshuti ya hafi ya Idi Amin wari Perezida wayoboranye igitugu Uganda, kugeza aho Amin yarongoye umukobwa wa Gaddafi ariko nyuma baza gutandukana.
Ku bwâubucuti bari bafitanye, ubwo Amin yarwanaga na Tanzania, Gaddafi yamwoherereje ingabo zo kumufasha zigera kuri 600. Amin akaba yaraje guhungira muri Libya, nyuma muri Saudi-Arabia. Abantu Gaddafi yafashije bavugwaho ko batari beza na gato ni benshi harimo Jean-BĂ©del Bokassa (Centre Africa), Mengistu Haile Mariam (Ethiopia), Charles Taylor (Sierra Leone) nâabandi batagize amateka meza na busa ku isi.
Gaddafi yagiye akoresha abahagarariye igihugu cye mu mahanga mu guha akazi ko kwica abatavuga rumwe na we bari hirya no hino ku isi. Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, âAmnesty Internationalâ, watangaje abari bamaze kwicwa muri ubu buryo ko ari 25 hagati ya 1980 na 1987. Nyuma yaho benshi biciwe mu Bwongereza ahaguye abantu 10.
Muri kamena 1984, Gaddafi yavuze ko abantu nkâabo bazakomeza kwicwa, ko ntaho batazicirwa nâiyo haba mu mujyi mutagatifi wa Mecca (Maka). Ntibyatinze, muri Kanama 1984 umwicanyi wâUmunyalibiya yaburijwemo i Mecca agiye kuhatsinda umuntu. Mu 2004, Umunyamakuru wâUmunyalibia wâUmwongereza Ashur Shamis, we yaguzwe miliyoni yâamadolari!
Urupfu rwa Gaddafi
Col. Muammar Gaddafi wari umaze imyaka 42 ari Perezida wa Libya, yari azwi cyane nka perezida warindwaga nâabagore, ndetse akanakunda kwibera mu ihema igihe cyose yasuye amahanga, yanakunze kandi gushyirwa mu majwi nâamahanga kuba yarashyigikiraga udutsiko twâibyihebe.
Nyuma yâamezi asaga umunani Gaddafi ahanganye nâabigometse ku butegetsi bwe, ku itariki ya 20 Ukwakira 2011 ntiyabashije kwikura mu maboko yâabamurwanyaga bashyigikiwe na NATO. Amashusho yâumurambo wa Gadaffi yafashwe hakoreshejwe telephone igendanwa akaba yaragaragaye ku rubuga rwa internet aho yagaragaye yaviriranye mu mutwe.
Minisitiri wâIntebe wâakanama kâabari bigometse ku butegesti bwa Gaddafi, Mahmoud Jibril ku munsi wâurupfu rwâuyu mugabo wabaye igihangange ku isi, yatangaje ko yapfuye azize ibikomere byo ku mutwe byatewe nâisasu yarashwe nâindege za NATO. Gusa ibi benshi babyamaganiye kure bashimangira ko Gaddafi yishwe nâingabo za CNT yari ihuriwemo nâabarwanya ubutegetsi bwa Colonel Gaddafi.
Mu buzima bwe bwose, Gaddafi yari akomeye ku myemerere ya Islam, dore ko igihugu cye cyagenderaga ku mategeko ya âshariaâ, ni ukuvuga ko hagenderwaga ku mategeko ashingiye ku myemerere ya Islam aho gukoresha amategeko ibindi bihugu bikoresha ashingiye ku byâuburenganzira bwa muntu. Hakunze kuvugwa ko Muammar Gaddafi yaba yarishwe agambaniwe nâabazungu nyuma yâuko yari yaratangiye gahunda yo gushyiraho ifaranga rimwe ku bihugu byose bya Afurika, ibi byari gutuma Afurika itongera gukenera cyane kwishingikiriza ku mahanga mu bijyanye nâubukungu.
Amagambo ya nyuma Gaddafi yavuze mbere yâuko ashiramo umwuka, ni ukubwira abashakaga kumwikiza ati âNi iki nabakoreye?â. Yayoboye Libya mu gihe cyâimyaka 42 nâiminsi 49, ijambo yagejeje ku banya Libya ku nshuro ya nyuma mbere yâuko apfa, Gaddafi yagarutse ku kuba yarakoze ibyo ashoboye byose ngo igihugu cye gitere imbere mu byâubuzima ndetse nâubundi bukungu bushingiye ku mibereho yâabaturage. Ubwo yapfaga, Libya yabarurwaga nkâigihugu cya mbere muri Afurika gifite abaturage babayeho neza ndetse nâigipimo cyâuburambe cyari hejuru (Life expectancy) . muri iri jambo yatunze agatoki Obama avuga ko ari mwene wabo wâumunyafurika ushaka kumwica.
Yagize ati Uyu munsi, nugarijwe nâibitero byâingabo zikomeye mu mateka yâisi, umwana wanjye wâumunyafurika Obama, arashaka kunyica, ngo yambure ubwigenge igihugu cyacu, ngo atwambure amazu atishyurwa, ubuvuzi bwâubuntu, uburezi nta kiguzi, nâibyo kurya byâubuntu, ngo abisimbuze uburyo bwâAmerika ibayeho mu busambo bwitwa « Capitalism », ariko twe tuzi icyo ivuga, ivuga ko abanyamafaranga (corporations) batwara ibihugu, batwara isi, abaturage bagahangayika.
Amaze kwitaba Imana. Libya yakomerejeho iba igihugu gihoramo intambara zishingiye ku byihebe bigendera ku mahame akarishye ya Islam. Udutsiko twâabarwanyi bo mu moko atandukanye bo muri iki gihugu,byose bimaze guhitana ibihumbi byâabarwanyi ndetse nâabaturage.
Turagusabe wewe musomyi kugira kwiyunga n'uru rubuga mu kugira canke kuri iyi page hamwe no kugira canke kuri iyi nkuru tutibagiye no gusiga .
