NeuroScience News

14/07/2025

🧐🔱 Sem dúvidas, uma obra de arte..

By combining structural biology and evolutionary genomics analyses, the evolution of enzymes over 400 million years is shown to be governed by catalytic function, metabolic network architecture, cost and molecular interactions.

10/07/2025

The human hippocampus, the locus of memory and learning in the brain, generates new neurons in adulthood, according to a new study.

Cells from human brain tissue have genetic hallmarks of neural progenitors, AI-aided study finds
3 Jul 20252:00 PM ETByAnnika Inampudi

The human hippocampus (pink), the locus of memory and learning in the brain, generates new neurons in adulthood, according to a new study of RNA in postmortem tissue.ZEPHYR/Science Source
🔗 LINK 🔗
bit.ly/44pZ5Ax

10/07/2025

SRT-H: A hierarchical framework for autonomous surgery via language-conditioned imitation learning

A language-guided imitation learning framework achieves step-level autonomy in robotic cholecystectomy surgeries.

10/07/2025

A study of 115 Romanian children finds that separation from caregivers early in life can affect the timing and tempo of puberty, changes that are associated with telomere erosion, which can in turn accelerate biological aging. In PNAS:

(Tradução)
Um estudo com 115 crianças romenas indica que a separação precoce dos cuidadores pode alterar o ritmo da puberdade, ligada à erosão dos telômeros — o que acelera o envelhecimento biológico.
🔗 Link 🔗
https://ow.ly/FcW150WmszW

06/07/2025

Tuft cell Spi-B restrains intestinal type 2 immunity

Jiali Wang
Ruoxi Shen
et al.

A tuft cell–centric checkpoint imposed by Spi-B restrains excessive intestinal type 2 immunity and maintains immune homeostasis.

•Abstract
Excessive type 2 immunity underlies various disease conditions, including allergies, yet the homeostatic mechanisms that limit type 2 responses are not fully understood. Here, we revealed that intestinal tuft cells, specialized epithelial cells known for triggering type 2 immune activation, also have a molecular circuit that restrains type 2 responses.



🔗 LINK 🔗
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciimmunol.ads5818

05/07/2025

Bactérias modificadas removem mercúrio de dietas ricas em peixe

Um microrganismo projetado especialmente conseguiu reduzir os níveis de metilmercúrio na alimentação de camundongos prenhes, indicando o potencial de uma nova abordagem para tornar o consumo de frutos do mar mais seguro.


Entre os pesquisadores está Elaine Hsiao, bióloga da Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles, que investiga como o microbioma materno influencia o desenvolvimento cerebral do feto. Ela trabalhou em parceria com cientistas da Universidade da Califórnia em San Diego, especialistas em exposição ao metilmercúrio (MeHg) e seu acúmulo em peixes. Juntos, eles modificaram uma bactéria intestinal comum para que ela fosse capaz de neutralizar o MeHg. Os resultados, publicados na revista Cell Host & Microbe, mostram que a bactéria modificada conseguiu reduzir o acúmulo de MeHg em camundongos prenhes e em seus fetos. A equipe agora planeja transformar essa descoberta em um probiótico que possa ajudar a diminuir os riscos à saúde associados ao consumo de peixe contaminado com mercúrio.

05/07/2025

•Microgravity accelerates skeletal muscle degeneration•

To understand the changes of muscle in microgravity, a research team engineered skeletal muscle microtissues from donor biopsies and launched them to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard SpaceX CRS-25. Their findings were published in Stem Cell Reports. The microtissues were taken from both young, active donors and from aged, sedentary donors and cultured in an automated mini lab, which besides regular feeding and monitoring of cultures also enabled electrical stimulation to simulate exercise.

On earth, the contraction strength of microtissues from young, active individuals was almost twice as much as the strength of tissues from older, sedentary individuals. After only two weeks in space, muscle strength trended to decline in the young tissues and was now more comparable to the strength of old tissues.

A similar trend was seen for the muscle protein content, which was higher in young microtissues on earth compared to old microtissues but decreased in microgravity to levels measured in old tissues. Further, space flight changed gene expression, particularly in the younger microtissues and disturbed cellular processes related to normal muscle function. Interestingly, electrical stimulation could mitigate these changes in gene expression to some extent.

“Using electrical pulses to trigger real-time muscle contractions in space, we can simulate exercise and observe how it helps protect against rapid muscle weakening in microgravity," said one of the lead researchers. "This technology advancement offers insight into how we might preserve muscle health during long-duration space missions and ultimately, how to combat age-related muscle loss here on Earth."



🔗🔗🔗🔗🔗🔗 LINK 🔗🔗🔗🔗🔗🔗

04/07/2025

Magnesium microspheres for enhanced transarterial chemoembolization therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: From animal models to a pilot clinical study

Fei Gong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7603-8553,
Liyun Zheng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7750-4109,
Jiachen Xu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3865-5315,
Yumin Wu, [...] , and Jiansong Ji
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6026-3676+16
authors Authors Info & Affiliations

2 Jul 2025
Vol 11, Issue 27
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adv0885

Abstract
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been extensively used in clinic to treat unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, magnesium microspheres (Mg MSs) were used as embolic devices to enhance lipiodol-mediated TACE. After being dispersed in lipiodol and injected into tumors, Mg MSs would continuously generate hydrogen and magnesium hydroxide, which could neutralize the acidic tumor microenvironment, restore exhausted CD8+ T cells, reverse immunosuppression, and trigger specific T cell–mediated antitumor responses, synergistically resulting in inhibited tumor growth. As demonstrated in a rabbit orthotopic liver cancer model, artery infusion of Mg MS–dispersed lipiodol offered greatly enhanced therapeutic outcome compared to lipiodol-based or polymeric-bead–based TACE. In a pilot clinical study, among 15 eligible patients with HCC, 11 patients achieved complete response and 3 patients achieved partial responses without unexpected treatment-related adverse events during the 1 to 3 months’ follow-up. The objective response rate of Mg-enhanced TACE was ~93.3% in this small-scale trial, much higher than that of current TACE therapies.


Link:👇🏾

Magnesium microspheres were used as an embolic device to enhance TACE therapy in animal models and a pilot clinical study.

03/07/2025

Dormir menos por causa de uma mutação no gene SIK3

Dormir por menos tempo diariamente, sem prejuízos à saúde, é uma condição chamada sono naturalmente curto (NSS). Pessoas com NSS conseguem se manter bem com apenas 4 a 6 horas de sono por noite.

Pesquisadores descobriram recentemente uma mutação (N783Y) no gene SIK3 (quinase 3 induzida por sal), o que ajuda a entender melhor como a genética regula o sono humano.

Em estudos com camundongos, essa mutação reduziu a atividade da SIK3 e alterou o padrão geral de fosforilação de proteínas no cérebro — especialmente nas proteínas ligadas às sinapses. Além disso, a mutação também afetou outras quinases relacionadas ao sono, como a proteína quinase A e a quinase ativada por mitógenos (MAPK).


🔗 Links:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016895252500157X

https://sciencemission.com/Sleeping-less

03/07/2025

Crianças Superam a IA em Jogo de Quebra-Cabeça que Ensina Pensamento Crítico

Um novo jogo interativo ajuda crianças a aprenderem a pensar de forma crítica sobre inteligência artificial.

O jogo usa quebra-cabeças visuais baseados em lógica e mostra que, mesmo parecendo seguras, as respostas das IAs muitas vezes estão erradas.

As crianças resolvem os desafios sozinhas e depois comparam suas respostas com as da IA.

Essa comparação lado a lado ajuda os jovens a perceberem os erros da IA e entenderem que falar com confiança não significa estar certo.

Com o tempo, as crianças também aprendem a dar instruções melhores para a IA, usando tentativas e correções.

Essa experiência desenvolve um olhar mais crítico sobre a tecnologia e melhora as habilidades de resolver problemas.

Sigam nossa página NeuroScience News Brasil, para mais informações sobre este tema e muito mais!
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🔗 Link:
https://neurosciencenews.com/ai-kids-critical-thinking-29390/

03/07/2025

Connectivity differs by orders of magnitude among co-distributed corals, affecting spatial scales of eco-evolutionary processes
Zoe Meziere https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6874-8523, Katharine Prata https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-0066, Marine Lechene https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5278-4332, Renata Ferrari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5056-1178, [...] , and Cynthia Riginos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5485-4197+1 authors Authors Info & Affiliations


https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adt2066

Dispersal and gene flow differ among corals of the Great Barrier Reef, affecting genetic diversity and adaptive responses.

02/07/2025

Current RNAi therapeutics for hepatitis B

Matteo Iannacone Cristian G. Beccaria et al.
RNA-targeting therapies hold promise for contributing to HBV cure regimens, but challenges remain before that promise can be realized.

RNA-targeting therapies hold promise for contributing to HBV cure regimens, but challenges remain before that promise can be realized.