05/08/2026
The Province of Manitoba has declared a Public Health Emergency to combat the spread of HIV.
New cases of HIV in Manitoba have been steadily increasing, to a high of 328 in 2025 from 90 new cases in 2019.
Manitoba continues to experience some of the highest HIV rates in Canada. In 2024, Manitoba reported 19.5 cases per 100,000 people, over three-and-a-half times the national rate of 5.5 per 100,000 people.
Rates are highest in the Prairie Mountain Health and Northern Health regions, but the largest number of cases are diagnosed in the Winnipeg region. Indigenous peoples continue to be disproportionately impacted. People living in rural and remote areas may face additional challenges in accessing care.
The risk factors for acquiring HIV in Manitoba are different from national trends. More than 50% of cases are female, compared to a Canadian average of 32%.
There was one perinatal case in 2024 and one in 2025, where infants have been born with an HIV infection. Prior to 2024, the last case of perinatal transmission was in 2021. Most newly diagnosed females are under 40 years old, which increases the risk of more perinatal cases.
In Manitoba, HIV is most commonly spread through injection drug use and unprotected heteros*xual s*x and is associated with the convergence of homelessness, mental health concerns, substance use and socio-economic inequality. HIV stigma and misinformation create additional barriers to seeking care and support. Substance use comes with the additional risk of serious and tragic health impacts such as overdoses and can create further barriers to seeking care.
HIV spreads through activities like unprotected s*x or sharing needles. It is not spread through coughing or sneezing, by touching someone with HIV or from contact with surfaces like toilet seats, countertops and sinks.
HIV attacks specific cells in the immune system that make it weaker and harder for the body to fight off infections. Though there is no cure for HIV, there is very effective treatment that, if taken regularly, can make the virus virtually undetectable on tests and unable to be spread through s*xual contact. Most people who get treatment early and take medications for HIV can live long and healthy lives.
People at high risk of acquiring HIV have access to free pre-exposure prophylaxis, which is medication that can be very effective in preventing infection.
For more information about HIV, visit www.gov.mb.ca/health/publichealth/diseases/hiv.html.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attacks the immune system. When the body can no longer fight the infection, it becomes a disease known as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Around 25% of people with HIV infection are unaware of their condition, and continue to spread the infection without...